Reconciliation report final 0311

University of TorontoNational Centre for First Nations GovernanceMARCH 4, 2011

Symposium onRECONCILIATION IN ONTARIO Opportunities & Next StepsReport on Proceedings

National Centre forFirst Nations GovernanceBC | PRAIRIES | ONTARIO | QUEBEC | ATLANTIC

TableofContents

2 WhatdoesreconciliationlooklikeinOntario?

4 SpeakersBios

9 IssuesandOpportunitiesForindividuals Racism Healing Trust History EducatingOurselves Responsibility

12 IssuesandOpportunitiesforOurCommunities FirstNationsCommunities Educators UniversityofToronto Industry Youth SocialMovement RolesforCommunities

20 IssuesandOpportunitiesforOurGovernments Justice PoliticalWill CommonGoals FirstNationGovernance Government‐to‐GovernmentRelationship Jurisdiction SustainablePublicPolicy EconomicDevelopment FirstNationsTraditionalApproach Process

27 RecommendationsonNextStepsandFutureAction

38 ResourcesfromtheNationalCentre forFirstNationsGovernance

SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS

WhatdoesreconciliationlooklikeinOntario?ReconciliationbetweenIndigenousandnon‐IndigenouspeoplesinCanadaisnotjustaboutthelegacyofresidentialschools.Itisamulti‐facetedprocessthatrestoreslands,economicself‐sufficiency,andpoliticaljurisdictiontoFirstNations,anddevelopsrespectfulandjustrelationshipsbetweenFirstNationsandCanada.

AlthoughahistoryofcolonizationhasdeeplyimpactedallIndigenouspeoplesacrossCanada,anddecolonizationrequiressignificantchangeatthefederallevel,theprocessofreconciliationisalsouniquetoeachregion.Thisisbecauseofculturalandhistoricaldifferencesamongthemorethan630FirstNationsinCanada,varyingsettlerpopulations,differentecosystemsandeconomies.

Thejurisdictionalseparationofprovincialandfederalpowersmeansthattherearedifferentlegalregimesineachprovince.Thissymposiumaskedthequestions:WhatdoesreconciliationlooklikeinOntarioandwhatconcretewayscanitberealized?

TheUniversityofTorontoandtheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernanceinvitedrepresentativesfromOntarioFirstNations,thefederalandOntariogovernments,businessandindustry,andtheuniversityforanopen‐endedandintergenerationalexplorationofthesequestionsatatwo‐daysymposiuminFebruary2011.

THEEVENTFirstNationsleaders,youthandcitizensgatheredwithnon‐Aboriginalbusinesspeople,civilservants,lawyers,academics,andstudentsinanappropriatevenue:theNativeCanadianCentreofToronto.Over140participantscametogethertofindanswerstothecriticalneedforIndigenousandnon‐Indigenouspeoplestomoveforwardonthequestionofreconciliation.

SymposiumSpeakersParticipantslistenedtoahostofdistinguishedspeakerswhopresentedonaboriginalandtreatyrights,historyandreconciliation(Somepresentationswererecordedandcanbeviewedatfngovernance.org/reconciliation).

EldersGraftonAntoneOneidaoftheThamesFirstNation

EileenAntoneLeeMaracleSto:LohNation

LieutenantGovernorTheHonourableDavidC.OnleyLieutenantGovernorofOntario

PresentersHonourableJusticeIanBinnieSupremeCourtofCanada

DougCarr

ChiefBrianLaformeMississaugasoftheNewCreditFirstNation

ChiefAllenMacNaughtonHaudenosauneeConfederacyChiefsCouncil

AaronMillsVicePresident,AboriginalLegalServicesofToronto

CherylMisakVice‐PresidentandProvost,UniversityofToronto

HonourableDavidPetersonFormerPremierofOntarioandChancellor,UniversityofToronto

BenPowlessIndigenousEnvironmentalNetwork

ChrisRobertson

AssistantDeputyMinister,OntarioMinistryofAboriginalAffairs

MarleneBrantCastellanoProfessorEmeritus,TrentUniversity

JimmyDickSinger/Drummer

VictoriaFreemanCoordinatingDirector,UniversityofTorontoInitiativeonIndigenousGovernance

JoyceHunterDirector,SEVENYouthMediaNetwork

ThomasIsaacPartner,McCarthyTetrault

RebeccaBeaulne‐SteubingCanadianRootsExchange,UniversityofToronto

OgichidaakweGrandChiefDianeKellyGrandCouncilofTreatyThree

NationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance

ShelaghRogersRadioBroadcaster,CBC

DouglasSandersonAssistantProfessor,UniversityofTorontoFacultyofLaw

Satsan(HerbGeorge)President,NationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance

JusticeMurraySinclairChairoftheTruthandReconciliationCommission

AngusToulouseRegionalChief,ChiefsofOntario

Dr.CynthiaWesley‐Esquimaux

DialoguePresentationswerefollowedbydialogue.Participantsconvened41sessionsonawidevarietyoftopicsandreportedtheoutcomeofeachsession.

THISREPORTThisreportisacalltoaction.Itisacompilationofthemanyideas,issues,opportunities,nextstepsandactionsidentifiedbyeventparticipants.ParticipantssuggesteddozensofwaysforOntario’s(andCanada’s)FirstNations,citizens,youth,communities,industry,educatorsandgovernmentstobegintheprocessofreconciliation.

Manyopportunitiesandnextstepscanbestartedtoday.Weencourageeveryonetobeginsomethingnow.

Learnmorebyexploringtheresourceslistedattheendofthisreportandstayconnectedbysubscribingtoemailupdatesat:fngovernance.org/bulletin.

Collectinginformationinvolved41notetakers,volunteertypistsandinterpretationofthenotesgathered.Everyoneworkedtocaptureandcommunicatetheissuesasdiscussed;however,somediscussionmayhavebeenmisinterpretedintheprocess.Weapologizetocontributorswheremeaningwaslost.

SpeakersBios

GRAFTONANTONEGraftonAntoneisfromtheOneidaoftheThamesFirstNation.HeservesasUrbanNativeOutreachMinistryinToronto,aswellasanelder‐in‐residenceatFirstNationsHouse,UniversityofToronto.HeteachestheOneidalanguagealongwithsharingthestoriesandtraditionsofhispeople.

IANBINNIEHonorableJusticeIanBinniehasactedasSpecialParliamentaryCounseltotheJointCommitteeoftheSenateandtheHouseofCommonsontheMeechLakeAccord,representedCanadabeforeaninternationaltribunal,servedasadvisortotheGovernmentofNewfoundlandonconstitutionalamendmentstotheTermsofUnion,lecturedonAboriginalrightsatOsgoodeHallLawSchool,theLawSocietyofUpperCanada,theCanadianBarAssociation,TheAdvocates'Societyandotherprofessionalassociations,authorednumerouspublications,andappearedascounselbeforetheSupremeCourtofCanadainmanyleadingconstitutional,civilandcriminalcases.

DOUGCARRDougCarristheAssistantDeputyMinisterofNegotiationsandReconciliationintheOntarioMinistryofAboriginalAffairs.HehasworkedonAboriginalmattersfortheprovincesince1993.Doughasdegreesinphilosophy,wasaproduceratCBCRadio,andjoinedtheOntariogovernmentin1982toworkonfederalismandconstitutionalreform.

MARLENECASTELLANOMarleneBrantCastellanoisaMohawkoftheBayofQuinteBandandProfessorEmeritusofTrentUniversity.SheprovidedleadershipinthedevelopmentoftheemergingdisciplineofNativeStudies,servedasCo‐DirectorofResearchwiththeRoyalCommissiononAboriginalPeoplesandwhichdraftedRCAP'sEthicalGuidelinesforResearchnowwidelyusedasareferenceforethicalresearchinAboriginalcontexts.ProfessorCastellanohasbeenhonouredwithLLDsfromQueen'sUniversity,St.ThomasUniversityandCarletonUniversity,inductionintotheOrderofOntario,aNationalAboriginalAchievementAwardandnamedanOfficeroftheOrderofCanada.

VICTORIAFREEMANVictoriaFreemanistheauthorofDistantRelations:HowMyAncestorsColonizedNorthAmerica(2000)andistheCoordinatingDirectoroftheUniversityofTorontoInitiativeonIndigenousGovernance.Sheco‐chairs,withSamischolarRaunaKuokkanen,theGrouponIndigenousGovernance,aToronto‐basedinterdisciplinarynetworkofscholars.ShereceivedherPh.D.inHistoryin2010fromtheUniversityofTorontoafterdefendingherdissertation‘TorontoHasNoHistory!’Indigeneity,SettlerColonialismandHistoricalMemoryinCanada’sLargestCity.Sheco‐teachesathird‐yearAboriginalStudiescourseattheUniversityofTorontocalledThePoliticsandProcessofReconciliationwithSto:lowriterandtraditionalteacher

JOYCEHUNTERJoyceHunterisCreefromWiniskFirstNation,whichisasmallreserveofabout250locatedalongtheHudsonBaycoast.Sheisyoungestof10and,afterleavingDurhamCollegeafterstudyingphotographyandjournalism,workedfortheDailyPressinTimminswhereherfavouritebeatstocoverincludedhumanintereststories,thecourtsandalllevelsofpolitics.Shewentontowinnationalandprovincialawardsforherworkandeventooksometimeoffjournalismtoprovidestrategiccommunicationsadviceasacommunicationsdirectorforaprovincialtreatyorganizationrepresenting49FirstNationsinnorthernOntario.ShenowworksastheDirectorofSEVENYouthMediaNetworkwhereshepublishesamagazine,hostsawebsiteandradioshowandoffersmulti‐mediatrainingsessionswheresheteachesyoungpeoplehowtoharnessmediaskillsindifferentdisciplines:photography,videography,radiobroadcasting,writing,andwebposting.

THOMASISAACThomasIsaacisapartnerintheVancouverofficeofMcCarthyTétrault,leadsthefirmsAboriginalLawGroup,andisoneofCanada’sleadingauthoritiesonAboriginallaw.Mr.IsaacadvisesindustryandgovernmentclientsacrossCanadaonaboriginallegalmatters.Mr.IsaachasappearedbeforetheSupremeCourtofCanada,theBritishColumbiaCourtofAppeal,theBritishColumbiaSupremeCourt,theNorthwestTerritoriesSupremeCourtandtheBritishColumbiaEnvironmentalAppealBoard.HeisaformerChiefTreatyNegotiatorfortheProvinceofBritishColumbiaandpriortothatwasAssistantDeputyMinisterfortheGovernmentoftheNorthwestTerritoriesresponsibleforestablishingNunavut.Mr.IsaacistheauthorofAboriginalLaw:Commentary,CasesandMaterials(3editions)alongwithsixotherbooksandnumerousarticlesonaboriginallegalmatters.

REBECCABEAULNE‐STEUBINGRebeccaBeaulne‐SteubingisaMétisAnishinaabekwepursuingaMastersofEducationdegreeatYorkUniversity.SheisagraduateoftheSociologyandCommunityEconomicandSocialDevelopmentprogramsatAlgomaUniversity,andhasstudiedatShingwaukKinoomaageGamig.Withabackgroundincommunity‐basedresearchanddevelopment,Rebeccahasfoundedandcoordinatedanumberofprojectsintheareasoffoodsecurityandsustainability,thearts,andsocialjusticeinCanadaandinternationally.RebeccacurrentlycoordinatesinterculturaleducationalprogramsforyouthwiththeCanadianRootsExchangeattheUniversityofToronto.

DIANEKELLYDianeKellyisfromtheOjibwaysofOnigamingFirstNation.DianeKellywasnotonlythefirstwomanGrandChiefofTreaty#3,butalsothefirstwomanlawyerintheTreaty#3Nation.SheholdsdegressfromtheAssiniboineCommunityCollegeinBrandon,theUniversityofManitoba.Dianespecializesinfacilitatingconflictresolutionthroughthecreativestrategiesandempowerment.ShehastaughtbothattheUniversityofManitobaandYellowquillCollege.

BRIANLAFORMEBrianLaformeistheChiefoftheMississaugasoftheNewCreditFirstNation.HehasservedontheRegularandSpecialCouncil,theTorontoPurchaseNegotiationTeam,AIAIChief'sCouncil,andtheTomHoweLandfillSiteCommunityTrustCommittee.

LEEMARACLEMs.Maracleistheauthorofanumberofcriticallyacclaimedwinningliteraryworksincluding:Sojourner’sandSundogs,Ravensong,BobbiLee,DaughtersAreForever,Will’sGarden,BentBox,IAmWoman,andFirstWives’Club:SalishStyle,andisco‐editorofanumberofanthologiesincludingtheawardwinningMyHomeAsIRemember,TellingIt:WomenandLanguageAcrossCulture.Ms.MaracleisamemberoftheSto:Lohnation.MaraclehasservedastheDistinguishedVisitingProfessoratbothUniversityofTorontoandWesternWashingtonUniversity.In2009,Ms.MaraclereceivedanHonoraryDoctorofLettersfromtheSt.ThomasUniversity.Upcomingwork:MemoryServes:andotherwords.

AARONMILLSAaronMills(Anishinaabename:WapshkaaMa'iingan)isaBearClanAnishinaabefromCouchichingFirstNationinTreaty#3AnishinaabeTerritory.HeobtainedaJ.D.fromtheUniversityofTorontoin2010.DuringthistimehewasEditor‐in‐ChiefoftheIndigenousLawJournalandobtainedthePresident'sAwardforNativeStudentoftheYear.CurrentlyheisVicePresidentofAboriginalLegalServicesofTorontoandanArticledStudentatOlthuis,Kleer,TownshendLLP,wherehisworkfocusesonthedutytoconsult,bringingindigenouslawintoCanadianlaw,andprotectionofsacredsitesandobjects.HiscoreinterestsarebuildingbridgesbetweenindigenousandCanadianlegalordersandusingAnishinaabeLawtoshapecontemporarylegalandpoliticalrealitiesforAnishinaabegtoday.

CHERYLMISAKCherylMisakisVice‐PresidentandProvostattheUniversityofToronto.ShereceivedherBAfromtheUniversityofLethbridge,MAfromColumbiaUniversity,andherD.PhilfromtheUniversityofOxford.SheisaphilosopherwhoworksonAmericanpragmatism,epistemology,ethics,andphilosophyofmedicine.SheisaFellowoftheRoyalSocietyofCanadaandhasbeenaHumboldtFellow,aVisitingFellowofSt.John'sCollegeCambridge,andaRhodesScholar.

DAVIDPETERSONHonorableChancellorDavidPetersonwasthe20thpremieroftheProvinceofOntario.Inparliamentheoversawaveryactiveperiodofreformandplayedamajorroleinthecountry’sconstitutionaldiscussions.Hecurrentlypracticescorporate/commerciallawinToronto,wherehereceivedhisLawDegreefromtheUniversityofToronto.HewaschieffederalnegotiatorforthedevolutionoftheNorthwestTerritories.ChancellorPetersonhasalsoservedasanadjunctprofessoratYorkUniversity,afellowofMcLaughlinCollege,andExecutive‐in‐ResidenceatRotmanSchoolofManagement.Alongwithhismanycareerpositions,hedevoteshistimetomanycharitiesandpertinentnationalissues.

BENPOWLESSBenPowlessisaMohawkcitizenfromSixNationsinOntario,currentlylivinginOttawa,Canada.HehasrecentlycompletedaninterdisciplinarydegreeinHumanRights,IndigenousandEnvironmentalStudiesatCarletonUniversityinOttawa.HeworkswiththeIndigenousEnvironmentalNetwork(www.ienearth.org),focusedonclimatejusticeandresourceextractioninIndigenousterritories.HeisalsoanorganizerwiththeDefendersoftheLandnetwork(www.defendersoftheland.org).HeisalsoaphotographerandhasworkedwithIndigenouscommunitiesfromNorthernAlbertotothePeruvianAmazon.HeisafounderoftheCanadianYouthClimateCoalitionandcontinuestosupporttheirwork.

CHRISROBERTSONChrisRobertsonisthePresidentofCo‚Se‚MaCommunications,anestablishedandrespectedconsultingpracticebasedinGibsonsLandingontheSunshineCoastinBritishColumbia.Hehasover18yearsofexperiencespecializingincommunityeconomicandorganizationaldevelopment,professionalmanagement,publicandmediacommunications,strategicplanning,governance,landsandresourcessupportwithFirstNationcommunities,governmentsandbusinesses.Mr.Robertsonwasinstrumentalinhelpingdevelop,planandimplementthecreationoftheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance.HeprovidesadvisoryandstrategicplanningservicestotheCentre’sPresidentaswellasfacilitationservicestonumerousFirstNationsthatarecurrentlyinvolvedinthere‐establishmentofgovernancecomponentswithintheirterritories.ChrisservesasaDirectoratLargefortheAboriginalPeoplesTelevisionNetworkboardofdirectors.HeisafoundingmemberoftheCounselforBCAboriginalEconomicDevelopment.

SHELAGHROGERSShelaghRogersisaCanadianradiobroadcasterandiscurrentlythehostofCBCRadioOne’stheNextChapter.Since1980,shehashostedprogramsonmusic,film,literature,andcurrentaffairs.ShereceivedaTransformingLivesAwardfromCAM‐Hin2008.In2010shereceivedtheHeroAwardfromtheMoodDisordersAssociationofOntarioandanawardfromNativeCounsellingServicesofAlbertaforworkingonreconciliation.ShewasalsonamedAmbassadoratLargefortheCanadianCanoeMuseum.In2010,shewasmadeanOfficeroftheOrderofCanadaforhercontributionsasapromoterofCanadianculture,andforhervolunteerworkinthefieldsofmentalhealthandliteracy.

DOUGLASSANDERSONDouglasSandersonisfromtheOpaskwayakCreeNation.HeearnedhisLL.MatColumbiaUniversitywherehewasaFulbrightscholar.From2004‐2007hewasaSeniorAdvisortotheGovernmentofOntario,firstintheOfficeoftheMinisterResponsibleforAboriginalAffairs,andlater,totheAttorneyGeneral.From2007to2009,hewasaVisitingResearchFellowattheUniversityofTorontoFacultyofLaw,whereheisnowanAssistantProfessor.

SATSAN(HERBGEORGE)PresidentandfounderoftheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance,SatsanisoneoftheforemostadvocatesandexpertsonAboriginalrightsandself‐governmentinCanada.Schooledinbothlawandeducation,hehassharedandfurtheredthisknowledgeinhisroleaslong‐timeSpeakerforboththeGitxsanandtheWet’suwet’enNations,adjunctAssociateProfessorintheSchoolofPublicAdministrationattheUniversityofVictoria,teacherintheUniversity’sAdministrationofAboriginalGovernmentsProgram,electedBCRegionalChiefandmemberoftheNationalExecutivefortheAssemblyofFirstNations.ThroughhiscontinuedadvocacyandassistanceofFirstNationswithinhishomeprovinceofBritishColumbiaandacrossthecountry,hehashelpedaffirmandsafeguardAboriginaltitleandTreatyrights.

MURRAYSINCLAIRTheHonourableJusticeMurraySinclairwasappointedAssociateChiefJudgeoftheProvincialCourtandtotheCourtofQueen'sBenchofManitoba,becomingManitoba'sfirstAboriginalJudge.JusticeSinclairwasbornandraisedintheSelkirkareanorthofWinnipeg.HeattendedtheUniversitiesofWinnipegandManitoba,andthelatter’sFacultyofLaw.HislegalcareerhasfocusedprimarilyinthefieldsofCivilandCriminalLitigationandAboriginalLaw.JusticeSinclairwasalsoappointedCo‐CommissionerofManitoba'sAboriginalJusticeInquiry.HehasbeenawardedaNationalAboriginalAchievementawardaswellasthreeHonouraryDegreesforhisworkinthefieldofAboriginaljustice.HeiscurrentlyanadjunctprofessorofLawandanadjunctprofessorintheFacultyofGraduateStudiesattheUniversityofManitoba.

ANGUSTOULOUSEOntarioRegionalChiefAngusToulousewasbornandraisedonSagamokAnishnawbekFirstNation.HewasChiefofhiscommunityforsixconsecutiveterms.ThroughatraditionalleadershipselectionprocessChiefToulousewasselectedasOntarioRegionalChiefinJuneof2005andwasre‐electedforasecondtermin2009.HealsoservesasamemberoftheAssemblyofFirstNationsNationalExecutive.

CYNTHIAWESLEY‐ESQUIMAUXDr.CynthiaWesley‐EsquimauxisformerlyanAsst.professorinAboriginalStudiesandtheFacultyofSocialWork,attheUniversityofToronto.Shehasdedicatedherlifetobuildingbridgesofunderstandingbetweenpeople.Shehasaparticularinterestindevelopingcreativesolutionstocomplexsocialissuesandseesendlessmeritinbringingpeoplefromdiversecultures,ages,andbackgroundstogethertoengageinpracticaldialogue.SheisanAdvisoryMemberoftheMentalHealthCommissionofCanada,holderoftheNexenChairforAboriginalLeadershipoutoftheBanffCentre,andanactiveandengagingmediarepresentative.CynthiaisamemberoftheChippewaofGeorginaIslandFirstNationinLakeSimcoeandhasmadealife‐longcommitmenttoeducatingthepublicaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheNativepeoplesofCanada.Herareasofinterestincludehistoricalandpoliticalrelations,historictrauma,reconciliation,mediarepresentation,andyouthengagement.

Issues,OpportunitiesandNextStepsforIndividuals

RACISM

Issues

Howdowedealwiththeundercurrentofracisminachievingreconciliation? Prejudice.

OpportunitiesandNextSteps

NeedtoeducateAboriginalPeoplesabouttheOntarioHumanRightsCommission.Whatitdoesdo,relevance?Thereisstillaperceptionthatitdealswithindividualcomplaints.Recognizethoughthatsomematterswillhavetobedeterminedoncase‐by‐casebasis.Suggestthatthoseseekingtofileacomplaintbeabletobringanelderorothersupportpersonwiththem.

HEALING

Issues

ThechiefscanaccepttheApology,butitisuptotheindividualtoforgive. Weneedtoreconcilewithandhealourselvesbeforeaddressingreconciliationissuesthataffectthebroadercommunity.

Mentalillness. Thefear&hurtisdeep. Theimpactonfamilyandeducationvalueshasbeenproblematic. Somedon’tknowwhatitmeanstobeaparent. Addressthefactthatourfamiliesarehurting. Alcoholismhasdonedamage.Howdopeoplestarttotalktoeachotherinfamiliesthathavebeendamaged?

Wehavenotbeenabletotalktoparentsandotheradultsinthecommunity.

Spirituality:mentally,physically,peaceful. Let’shealtogether.Let’schangeourattitude. Healtogether/justice/attitudechange“unitedwestand,dividedwefall”. Youthcangettoknowadultsongoodterms.Andgettoknoweachother. Inspireusasyoungpeoplesowearebetter. Allowyouththeopportunitytoexploreandfindtheirway. Teachingsonavarietyofthings,includingsurvival. Havepeopleavailabletoyou,knowtheyarethere Createmoreopennessandinclusiveness. Ceremony,feasting,storytelling. Listen/silent Createspaces. Painintopotential. Ifweforgive,wecanheal.Ifweheal,wecanreconcile.

Issues

Howdowerepairabrokentrust? Whatarethepointsofconnections? Indifference. Misunderstanding. ThereisseparationandignorancebetweenAboriginal&non‐Aboriginals.Wedon’tcommunicateorengagewitheachother.

Trusttakestime.

Littlethingsmatter. Bepreparedtochangeplans,expectations. Benon‐judgmental. Openhonestdialogue. MoreinteractionbetweenAboriginal&non‐Aboriginalpeople. Findopportunitiestolearnabouteachother. Relationshipisthefoundationforresolvingconcerns. Understandvalues,goals,andcommoninterests. Usereconciliationasaprincipletoguideourrelationship.

HISTORY

Issues

Curiosity;takealookathistoryandremember.Makesurehistorydoesn’trepeat. Canadadoesnotknowhistory;needtobeknowledgeable,tocometothetablewithabeginningstateofunderstanding.

Whatdidwelearnfromthe1990OkaCrisis?HowabouttheIpperwashconflictandtheCaledonialanddisputes?

Identifytheroleofhistoryinreconciliation. Lookinternallyatourobligationsandhowthehistoryhasshapedus. Historyishereandnow.Weinheritahistory,notablankslate. NeedtoknowthehistoryofCanada—educatenon‐nativessotheycanberespectful.

EDUCATINGOURSELVES

Issues

Reconciliationcan'thappenuntilthereisrespect,equity,andtrust.It'sabouthealingrelationships.

Insteadofusing"reconciliation,"itwouldbebettertouseorthinkintermsof"relationships."

Wedon'tallunderstandthatwearethetreatypeople. Ifyoudon’tactoutthechanges,howcanyouexpectchange? Weneedtoteachourselves,ourfamilies,respectforculture.

Knowthetruthabouttreaties,residentialschools,RCAPandmore. Whatexamplesarethereasevidenceofwin/winandbestpractices? LearnabouttheTreatyofNiagara1764.ItisnotknownbymostCanadians. TecumsehMemory. Constantawareness Laws–weneedtobeeducatedaboutFirstNationexperience. Wemusteducateourselves. Wemusteducateourchildren. Changethechildren’sthinking,changethefamily Cultureisthegrounding. ArthighlightingAboriginalexperiences&stories Educateourselvesandcelebratingothers’stories. Learnaboutancestors. AllCanadianstolearnofIndigenousknowledge. Weneedtoteachourselves,ourfamiliesrespect‐gainforculture. MeetaFirstNationsperson. Understandperspectives. Takeatriptoreserves. Comeandliveonthereserve.

RESPONSIBILITY

Issues

Wevote,wehaveresponsibility. Recognizethatitisyourissuetoo. Everybodyispartoftreaties.

Recognizethatwehavearoleateachofourownlevelsofreconciliation. Reconciliationisoursto“fill”. We'relivingit.Wearealreadycreatingactsofreconciliation.Whatareyouractsofreconciliation?

Lookinternallyourobligations;howthehistoryhasshapedus.

IssuesandOpportunitiesforourCommunities

FIRSTNATIONSCOMMUNITIES

Issues

Whatistheroleofdistance(remoteness)inreconciliation? Weneedtodefineourselves.Divisionaddstochaos.Wecannotreconcileasseparatenations.

Letthecommunitycomeforthandshowtheirwisdom. Thereispowerinnumbers. Thereispowerintime(theeffortmustendure). Respect,trust,andTwo‐RowWampumbelt. Protocolintheprocesscanbemoreimportantthancontent.Goalsandceremonies. Womenresponsibleforbringingcultureforward‐engagedincommunitydevelopment. Enablehealthimpactassessmentandhealthequityimpactassessmenttoolsatthecommunitylevel(i.e.socialdeterminantsofhealthappliedbycommunitiesthemselves).

Createmoredialogue. Teme‐AugamaAnishnabe(cottagers),artcamp=youth,interculturalrelationbuilding. Ethics. Leaders:peopleinthecommunity.

EDUCATORS

Issues

ThereisdifficultyincorporatingAboriginalcontextandvaluesintoasciencecontext.Howdowechangehowweteachsciences,math,languagesandothercourses?

Changesinthecurriculum;thingsarebeing“Aboriginalized”.Whoteachesandwhattrainingdotheyhave?

Educationhasbecomecomplex‐moresubjects,fewergrades. Howdowemakeeducationrelevant,soastokeepAboriginalstudentsinschool? HowdoweassertAboriginalpre‐eminence,asfoundingsocieties,inaCanadathataffirmsmulticulturalism?

WhoisanewCanadian?WhyarenewCanadianscominghere? Whoaresettlers? Weneedmorejournalists. Weneedmorestory‐writers. Changestoprovincialcurriculum;findingtherighttexts. Educatingtheeducators,educationoutcomesonfirstNationcommunities. Intergenerationalresidentialschoolsyndrome. Curriculumdevelopment. Curriculumintegration Engagingcommunities(parents,Elders,education,boardsofeducation,FirstNationgovernments,ProvincialandFederalgovernments).

Communicationbetweendifferentcommunities.

Extra‐curriculareducation. Secularism. Graduationistherulenottheexception.

Lobbygovernmentsforchange(FirstNations,Provincial,Federal) Educatenewcitizens. Marketculturalevents. Createscholarships. MoreAboriginalStudiesprogramsfromelementaryschooltouniversity Ensureallstoriesareheard(example:ResidentialSchoolsthatarenoton“theList”) Createmorebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships. Usesocialmediatogeneratediscussion. Languageeducationaccreditingeducatorse.g.elders,language,TEK. Usearts,including:dramaticarts,toastmasters,likeprogramming,relationshipsandpersonaldevelopment,busheducation.

Educationasahumanright–levelsoffunding HumanrightsorBillofRightsandResponsibilitiesforstudents. DiscussionbetweenFirstnationeducatorsandcounsellors. Looktomake/locateconnectionswithnewCanadians TheNativeCentrecanexpandtheforumforconnections. Environmentalissues‐ecologicalmovementmayprovideawaytodealwithscienceandAboriginalvalues‐context.

NewZealandagreedtoprovidefundingfor500MaoriPhDs.Thisformsthebasis(seed)forastrongeducationalbaseinthecommunity‐couldCanadadosomethingsimilar?

TheTorontoSchoolBoard(andpossiblyothers)areawareoftheissuesandworkingtoresolvethemoratleastdealwiththem.

UNIVERSITYOFTORONTO

Issues

"Universityisaplacewhereknowledgeismadeanddestroyed." Howcantheuniversityuseitsuniqueresourcestofacilitatereconciliation? WhatisUofT'suniqueroleinreconciliation? Westernacademicvs.traditionalindigenouswaysofknowing. Whataretheobstaclesforindigenousstudentstoadvancingintheacademicenvironment. Lackofindividualswithintheschoolwhocancompetentlyevaluatetheworkofindigenousstudents.

Whatistheroleofuniversitiesinsupportingtheseinitiatives?Forexample,executiveedprogramforFirstNationsandformainstreambusinesstounderstandFirstNationsbusiness.

AskRotmanschoolofManagementtohostadialogueonreconciliationandbusinesswithCCAP&COO.IncludeCOOyouthwing.

Universitieshavepowerthroughresearch.

Createscholarships. Createmorebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships. Communityoutreach. Disseminationofknowledgetopeople. Systematicchangetoaccommodatedifferentkindsofwork(e.g.workincommunities)andrecognizealternatewaysofknowing.

Formpartnershipswithoutsidegroupswhocanofferadviceandassessalternatemethodsofaccreditationadoptedbytheuniversity.

INDUSTRY

Issues

Dutytoconsultisacrownresponsibility Viewconsultationasopposedtodutytoconsultasanopportunity Consentshouldbeincludedinthelanguageofdutytoconsult. WhatistheroleofTEK? Canwehavethisconversationinothersymposiums,boardrooms,IAP2Canada eg.minoritybusiness,programmeinUS. Roleofuniversitiesinsupportingtheseinitiativeseg.executiveEdprogramforFNandalsoformainstreambusinesstounderFNbusiness.

Isthereagoodbusinesscaseforreconciliation? Whatkindsoftangibleresultsexistforreconciliation? Wearestillstrugglingwiththeprocess;somecompaniesdoitwillingly,somebyforce. Whatistherelationshipbetweenbusinessandtreatyaboriginalrights? HowmightweconsiderFNcitizensasshareholders? Howmightwehavetheinclusiveconversationw/r/tbusinessdevelopmentfuture? HowdowecreatebusinessawarenessaboutFirstNations? Businessisnotinvolvedinagovernmenttogovernmentrelationship,butdowehaveaparallelprocessforlearningaboutFirstNations?

Businessandindustryarenottreatysignatories. Howdoweintegratereconciliationintodaily,corporateoperations?Forexample,agendaitematBOD,oraniteminshareholderreportsCS.

Questionforbusiness.Doyouwanttobepartoftheprocessorwaitforanegativeoutcome?

TheRingofFire–FirstNationsarenotawareofwhatitwilllooklike. Openmeetingsareverytechnicalandnoteasilyunderstood–isthisdoable? Industrydoesnottrumptreatyrights FirstNationsmustalsoarticulatetheirbottomline. Industryneedscertainty. Certaintyisconditionprecedenttoinvestment. CSR–inallbusinesses–howcompanyengagedcommunitiesetc. RelationshipbetweenCSRand2levelsofgovernment Whataboutpoliticalcontinuity? Whatdowedoaboutfragmentationincommunities?TribalCouncils,BandCouncils. Developbusinesstobusinessrelationshipswithoutthepolitics. FirstNationsmusthavegoodgovernance.

CanindustryworkwithFirstNationbusinesswithoutbandcouncilinvolvement? HowdoesindustryliketoseetheirrelationshipwithFirstNationsandgovernment? HowdowedealwithFirstNationpriorities? Whatdowedowithoverlappingterritoriesandinterests? Allpartiesmustbeconsistentandknowwhattheywant. ThefaceofbusinessisCanadian. Howdoweensuremistakesdon’thappenagain? Aretherestandardsforroyaltyrates? Willgovernmentsplitroyalties? Howdowebuildandcreateawarenessoftherelationshipbetweenfirstnationsandgovernment?

Metisissue. IssueofindustryFirstNationshopping?Whattodo?Whowilldoit?Whatresourcesarerequired?

Howdowebuildtrustofoutsideofdevelopment? Businessrelationshipsmustbevoluntary. Autism‐disclosureabouthealthrisks?Whatdowedowithpastnon‐disclosureofrisk? Businesscannothaveburdenoradverseimpactofpastmistakes. WhatistheroleofFirstNationknowledgeortraditionalknowledge?

Seedutytoconsultasabusinessopportunity. Viewconsultationasopposedtodutytoconsultasanopportunity. Dutytoconsult‐thosecompanieswhodon’ttakeitseriouslywillloseopportunities. Reconciliationisgoodforthebottomline. Reconciliationispartofthepackagetoagoodbottomline. Canadianbusinessforsocialresponsibility. PartnershipbetweencorporationsandFirstNations. Istherearolebusinesscanplayinhealthycommunities?Roleofcorporatecitizenshipandreconciliatione.g.TDandgreenproject,Bellandmentalhealth.

SeeKellogsasanexampleoffillingagovernmentgap. Weneedmoregoodbusinessrolemodels. Createarelationshipthatismeaningful&sustainable. Createmorebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships. Practicegoodrelationshipprinciples:transparent,predictable,sustainable,equalvoice,influencenotnecessarilycapital.

Comparativeinformationaboutreconciliationinotherjurisdictionsandcountries. DoesOntarioMiningCouncilorPDAChaveayouthwing? Isthereajurisdictionalscanordiscussionaboutroyaltyorrates? Developtaxbreaksforaboriginalpartnerships/ventures. CanindustrygerminateFirstNationsbusiness?

Issues

Noonerecognizesthatyouthhavealottooffer.

Nooneincludestheyouth;youthfeelinvisible. Coststoinvite,prioritytosetaside. Knowingtheirhistory. Gettinganeducationbutwhatisthepoint?Noworkathome;peopledon’ttalktothem. inFirstNationscommunities,adultsdon’ttrustyouth. Youthdon’thavetobe‘mychildren’tomakespace. Understandinghistoryandmakingyouthinterested. Museumrenderingsofsacredobjectsi.e.Wampumbelts,notcorrect. Writerswanttowritefromayouthperspectiveontheirissues,butFirstNationsyoutharenotcomingforward.

Adultdisagreementsdonotneedtotransformandyouth‐lateralviolenceneedstostopamongstourselves.

Youthneedtoknowthatsomeoneistheretosupportthem,especiallywhentheydecidetoleavehome.

Takekidsoutofreservetoseeotheryouth. Youngpeople‐educationdeficit‐lackofjobs‐social/economicdeficit 50%ofFirstNationspopulationareundertheageof24. OurFirstNationsyoutharenotwelcomeatthedecision‐makingtable.

Bringyouthtogether. Advanceplanning–putasidemoneyforyouthinvolvement. Canadianrootsexchange–canassistwithsomeofthecosts,andalistingoforganizationsthatcanbringyouthtogatherings

Talktooldestpersonintheirfamily. Establishdrumminggroups. Youtharemoreacceptingofeachotherandknowhowtoresolvedifferencesmoreeasily. Letgomoreeasily. ShareonFacebook. Thereisawillingnesstoshare. Talktoelders. WatchVideos–“ShieldedMinds,”Shannon’sDream SeethemisconceptionofFirstNationsPeoplesportrayalsandtalkingtopeopletocorrect. ConnectwithotherFirstNationsyouth. Letyouthorganizethemselves. Youthsports–moreinteractionbetweenFirstNationandnon‐Native. Penpal. Environmentaldegradation,sayyou’resorry. Educatechildren. GetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingNon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds. Nativelanguageprogramsinschools. Youthcanbemotivatedbytheircurrentangertohelp. Howdoyoucreateinternshipsinpublic,privateandbusiness? Makealaw‐youthcouncils. Observing,shadowing,mentoring.

Createchaptersofyoungpeoples'councilsineveryFirstNation. Createparent/teacherlikegroupswhowillhosteventsintheircommunitywiththeyouth,soitcancreatearelationshipanddialogueamongcommunitymembers.

Everyonebringatleastoneyouthtofuturegatherings. Createtruthandreconciliationyouthforums Createopportunitiestoworkontheland Developacommunityvisionfor20–30years Videosforyouth=Shannon’sDreams,ShieldedMinds Youthsports–moreinteractionbetweenFirstNationandnon‐native. Investinyoung‐socialconsciousness;thisiswherereconciliationcanhappen Passonwhatyouknow. Reintroduceculturalactivitiesie.Sweats,PowWows. Moregatheringslocally,regionallyandnationally. Rolemodels. Establishamentoringprogram. Re‐establishritesofpassageprocesses. Giveyouthaccesstotheirculture,heritageandlanguageandengagethem;presentthemforreconciliation.

Teachyouththeprocessofleadershipandhowtobecomeincorporated. Mentorship:mentortheyouthsotheycanbeleaders. GetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingnon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds. Nativelanguageprogramsinschools. Thecommunitieswillinvolveyouthateverystepofthewayanditwillstartnow.

SOCIALMOVEMENT

Issues

Whatwouldwehavethismovementsay? Whatisthe“message”? Oneriskisthatthelanguagebecomesabuzzword,meaningless,tooundefined.Itcanmean"re‐conned."Analoguestowhathappenedwith"multiculturalism”,or“consultation”.

Wedon'tallunderstandthatwearetheTreatyPeople. Wehavetoanswer"whatisinitforeverybody?"‐caringforeveryoneand/ortheenvironment.

Weneedastatement,adesiredoutcome Weneedtoknowtherealhistory‐thetruth.Whatpeoplethinkwe(Aboriginalpeople)havevs.whatwereallyhave.Wehavetocreateasharedunderstandingofthetruth.Whenwillthiskickin?We'vehavealreadyhad500yearsofoppressionanddictatorship.

Ifyouarebusy,howdoyougetyourmessageoutwhentherearesomanyoutthere? Itisademographicthing. Allthe"PioneerVillage+Forts"alltheysetthereisthesettlerperspective.

Canwehavethisconversationinothersymposiums,inboardrooms? Themediahasthepower.Weneedthemedia. increaseawarenessofCanadiansaboutreconciliation.

Reconciliationoftenhappensoutsideformalgovernmentstructures. Ceremoniesandprotocolsareimportantforcreatingagoodprocess. Useflashmobs,emails,Facebook,traditionalandnon‐traditionalways. Createanunderstandingfirst,like"EqualityEves"forthewomen'smovement,whichhadplacematswithalltheissuesonthem

Celebrateimportantcommemorations(i.e.theTreatyofNiagara):it'sthe250thAnniversaryoftheTreatyin2014

Satireistheperfectvehicle.Usingthemediaandtheatre. BuildanIndigenous/AboriginalheritagecentreineachProvincetotellthetruth Ensuremediafeaturesreconciliationfrequently Useapologyanniversaryasa“DayofRemembrance” UseFamilyDayinOntarioasadayofReconciliation.Imageofchildrenlinkingarms. Weneedacatalyst. Mythbusting,truth‐tellingcampaign. Let'sgetitintothemedia. Pushtheunderstandingoftreaties. Rallyaroundpeople. Berespectfulaboutculturalappropriation. Exercisecareifjoiningoneorganizationtoanother. Answerthequestion“What'sinitforme?”. Makesureweunderstandwhatreallyhappened. Weallwanttobelong. Let'shave10millionpeopleshowinguptocelebrateAboriginalDay(registerontheweb,inpublicplaces).

AlkaSeltzer(theApology)inWater(thecountry). Onreserveandoffreserve,wehavetostarttalkingtoeachother. RossManson'stheatrepieces,greatartisticleaders. Abenefitconcertwithmusicianswhoareintoreconciliation,alaLiveAidorFarmAid.BringAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginalmusicianstogatheranetworkofpublicfigures/speakersbureautotalkabout"R".

morewatchdog–createtheequivalentoftheJewishDefenceLeague. Monitorthecommentssectioninonlinemedia. Reachouttonewcomers. ExamplesinVancouverofbridge‐building Makesureaboriginalvoicesareheard. Tell3people.

Issues

Whatistheroleofuniversitiesinsupportingtheseinitiatives?Forexample,executiveedprogramforFirstNationsandformainstreambusinesstounderstandFirstNationsbusiness.

Thereisgovernmentresistance–reconciliationshouldbeatopdream,aswellasbottomup.

Istherearolebusinesscanplayinhealthycommunities?Roleofcorporatecitizenshipandreconciliation.Forexample,TDandgreenproject,Bellandmentalhealth.

Therearetwosidestoreconciliation,weneedchurchpresence;whatrightdochurchesandsurvivorshold;bringsidestogetherfordiscussion.

WhatdoesOntarioHumanRightsCommissiondo?HowdoesitdifferfromCanadianHumanRightsCommission?HowcanOHRChelpAboriginalPeople?Jurisdictionissues–don’tmostissuesfallintofederaljurisdiction?Scepticismanddistrustofhumanrightssystemasstillpartofgovernmentinstitution.Thereisafearoffilingcomplaintofdiscrimination‐whyshouldwetrustyou?Whyshouldwegiveyouinformation?Concernsregardingconfidentiality;fearofreprisalifwespeak‐up.ManyAboriginalpeoplejusttendtoputupwithitifspeakingupcouldleadtodirecircumstances.

Mediaisabigtoolforsettingthestatusquo.

Churchcanbeapartofreconciliationbymovingforwardintotwentyfirstcenturyrelationships.ReconcilethroughTRCprocessandopportunities.Usechurchjusticenetworks.Usechurchconnectiontobringpeopletogether.Keyroleinacknowledgingrolewithschoolstoleadtohealing.

Issues,OpportunitiesandNextStepsforourGovernments

JUSTICE

Issues

Injusticesneedtobecorrectedproperly. LandClaims‐Isthereaneedforanapologyforthewrongthatwasdone?Recognizethevalueofsymbolicactionstothewrongfulparty.

Admissionofpastwrongs/failuretohonourtreatiesisneeded,wouldstartprocesstobuildtrust.

POLITICALWILL

Issues

ThereispressurefromcorporationsforaccesstoresourcesandthisagendaissupportedbytheCanadiangovernment.

Politiciansatthehighestlevelandthe“mandarins”oftheFederalGovernmenthavethepower.

Canadianshavealottodowiththeirsystem,politicalcorruptionwithinthepast5years;dysfunctionalelectoralprocess;somanyunwrittenconventionsonethicalconduct.

Rogues,nowayofstopping;howtofigurewhattodoaboutroguegovernmentsthatdon'tadheretopoliticalconventions.

Communicationneedstobegreater. Weneedavoterblock. Weneedregimechange. FirstNationspeople,somedon'tvoteintochange. FormanAboriginalparty. Howcorruptarethepoliticalsystems,FirstNationsandnon‐native? Womenandchildrenneedspacetospeak. Whatlanguagearewespeaking? Avoidre‐inventingcolonizationunderdifferentcolour. ResidentialSchoolApologywithactualemotion;actualreality Usewordscarefully.

Women'sforums‐createsafespacesforwomenandchildren. Aboriginalparty=maybearealitythatwouldhavetobeconsidered. Createagrassrootsmovement. Numbersmeansomething. Tellhighlevelpoliticiansanapologyisnotenough.

COMMONGOALS

Issues

Mainissues:Health;Happiness;Meaningfulandgainfulemployment(notMcJobs);weneedtobeatthedecision‐makingtable;.Alloftheabovehastobeforfuturegenerations.

Recognition. Citizenship. Self‐determination. Weneedsomeone/peopleto“carrythefire”(constructivecourseofaction).

Lessenbarrierstoequality Increaseaccesstohealthcare,educationandhousing. Createanopenprocessforthecommunityregardingwhatthegovernmentisdoing. OpenmindednesswithYouth. Organizationsneedtobeculturallyinclusiveinsteadofsegregatingintospecialareas. Maintainculturalties. Spendlesstimeondifferencesandincreaseawarenessamongstcommunities. StartYoung Community‐basedgrassrootsalliance‐buildingbetweenIndigenousandnon‐indigenousasreconciliation.

PartnershipworkswherehavecommonissuebetweenAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginal Differentkindsofpartnershipsratherthanjustbroadpartnership.

FIRSTNATIONGOVERNANCE

Issues

HowtodealwithdifferentfactionswithinaFirstNationinfaceofanelectedBandCouncil.

Createthetechnicalcapacitytodealwithconsultationissues.Forexample,GISsurvey,smallcriticalmassoffolkswithspecifictechnicalcompetencies.

Needfullspectrum–fromyouthandelders. Createchaptersofyoungpeoples'councilsineveryFirstNation. Hastobecommunitydriven.

GOVERNMENTTOGOVERNMENTRELATIONSHIP

Issues

Whatarethemainissues? Whatarewereconciling? HowdowebenefitfromallofwhatOntariohastooffer? Insteadofusing"reconciliation,"itwouldbebettertouseorthinkintermsof"relationships."

Reconciliationneedstobeappliedtospecificsituations(e.g.landclaims)tobemeaningful Weneedtoprovideandagreetobetter/fulldefinition‐resolvethebigpictureandcommunitypriorities.

Isreconciliationaprincipletoguideourrelationshiporanongoingprocess? Howdoesthenegotiatingtableaddresschangestoaccesstospiritualsitesresultingfromrelocation?

Italsomight/willinvolvenon‐Aboriginalpeoplegivingupsomethings(power). Metisperspectiveneedstobeincluded. Howdoyouensuremandatesdon'tchange? WhatcanwelearnfromtheTreatyofWaitangi‐PrincipleofPartnership? Ontariodoesn'thaveamandatetonegotiateself‐government. Thechallenge:thelandisusedup. ThereisaconcernthattheinundationofaFirstNationcommunitywithreferrallettersispartofastrategysothecommunitywon’thavetimetoeveropentheletter.Andthenthelackofresponseisenoughtoclaimtheyhavebeen“consulted”;a“tactic”.

Askcommunitieshowtheywanttobeengagedandwhattheirissuesare. Equality,twosides?Issuetoissue. Differentinterpretationsoftreaty…noagreedtomeaning. ThepracticeofdealingwithIndiansisoutdated Weneedtrust. Treatyrelationship Canadahasatleast3foundingpeoples. Canyouhavegovernmenttogovernmentrelations,withapowerimbalance,especiallywhenonecontrolsreserves?

Howdoyoudevelopthetrustfactor? Weallhaveownagenda(feelingeachotheroutnotb/wfed/prov). Mistrust,howcanwefixit? Engagementatbroadsense‐noteverybodywantsself‐government Whatwouldreallychange?Ontariowouldstillfund. Whatistheview.Whatdoesthewholebasketofself‐governmentlooklike? Ifthepublicdoesn'twantit,thereisnodrive. Justlistentothewaytheytalk–theyhavenoideawhatNativepeoplewant…visa.versa…. Howdowereconcilejurisdictionalrelationships? WhatisthebasketofresponsibilitiesthataFirstNation… Treaty3–theviewisthatanyactivitythatwillaffecttheFN,thenthediscussionsarebetweentheFNcouncilandthefederalorprovincialgovernment

PowersofFNgovernment.Lawmakingonreserveshouldberespected.Lawstoprotectthepeopleandforsocialorder.Abilitytoenforcethoselaws.

HowshouldaprovincialbureaucratcommunicatewithaFirstNationandwhatisanappropriateprotocoltoopendiscussions.

Culturaldifferences. WillingnessofgovernmenttoadoptAboriginalapproachesmaybeanobstacle. MakesurethereisequitybetweentreatyFirstNationsandthosewhohaveAboriginaltitle. Earlytreatiesareverydifferentfromnewnegotiations;bringforthallthecommissionersandletteranddiariesforreviewbyall.

Engagementatbroadsense‐noteverybodywantsself‐government Whatwouldreallychange?Ontariowouldstillfund. Whatistheview.Whatdoesthewholebasketofself‐governmentlooklike? Ifthepublicdoesn'twantit,thereisnodrive. Weneedtogetoutofconsumeristmentality;profitisnotaright.Instead,weneedto‘right’relations.

“Moneyistherootofallevil.”Weneedtolookatrelationshipstosolveproblems. Weneedreconciliationwiththeearth. IfaFirstNationhasastrongvision,theprofitmotivemayhelpthemachieveit,that’sgreat.But,ifthevisionistogoanotherwayandresourceextractionisforceduponthem,thenreconciliationisundermined.

HowcanaFirstNationtrustthegovernmentifbigbusinesshassomuchinfluence? KeyfiguresneedtobeengagedfrombothsidesCanadianandFirstNations.

Recommendations:speaktoFirstNationandfindoutwhattheythinkwouldwork. FirstNationsinterests.Knowingwhatweknow,thesemaywork:knowledgeandabilitytotellgovernmentwhatprocessestheyneedtofollow,writtenforgov't‐protocolsnegotiatedbetweentheprovinceandFirstNations‐capacity:developconsultationprotocols,newrelationfund.

OntariohasprovidedfundingtoFirstNationandMétistoadministertheconsultationprocess.Getconsultationpointpeopletogethertofindoutwhatworksandwhatmoreisneeded.

FirstNationsinterests:FirstNationassertingjurisdictionoffreserve,tryingtoregulate. Traditionalterritory. Relationshipisthefoundationforresolvingconcerns. Weneedtounderstandvalues,goals,andcommoninterests Makesuretherightpeopleareatthetable. GreatLawofPeace–Setsoutrightofthepeople. Reconstitutenations‐not632bands. Extendterritorialjurisdictionoffreserve. Redefinethespiritandintenthonestly‐thisisreconciliation. Thinkshortterm:prioritydiscussions. Greatearthlaw:Treaty3(regulatory) Equalizationpayments?Createanentitythatcanbeaccountable. Self‐governmentagreements;theymustbecustomtotheFirstNations. Multiplejurisdiction..wearegoodatit!Arethereotherexamplesinlaw? Waysarethere...wehaveskills. Negotiation/discussionwithnon‐Aboriginalcommunities. ThrowoutIndianAct,negotiateonprincipledrelationshipwithpartnership.

JURISDICTION

Issues

JurisdictionissueswithCanada;willonlybeinvolvedwithmattersfallingwithinitsjurisdiction‐howtodealwiththis,isthereawillingnesstodealwiththis?

How(assumingthereisawillingness)toensure(enforce)this? Roleoftreatiesinresourcedevelopment. HowFirstNationcangetafairshareofresourcebenefitsandconvincebusinessthatFirstNationsarenotathreattobusiness.

Howdowemitigateadverseenvironmentalimpact?Compensation? issueshavetobesettledincourt.

ThereispressurefromcorporationsforaccesstoresourcesandthisagendaissupportedbytheCanadiangovernment.

BusinesswasalwaysconductedinFirstNationscommunities,butIndianActaffectedhowthiscouldbedone.

Profitmotiveiswhatfuelledcolonialismtobeginwith.

Isthereajurisdictionalscanordiscussionaboutroyaltyorrates? Shareresources=reconciliation. ReconcilingTreatyinterpretations.

SUSTAINABLEPUBLICPOLICY

Issues

Wheredowewanttobe?Let’sdescribeit?Whatwouldbetheelements? Itwouldinvolvefairnessbutwhatdoesitmean? Therewouldbeuniversalaccesstoeducation,health… whatistheendgoal? wewouldhaveagreatlawallowingpeopletolivewillintheirownways. notsuchanadversarialformofgovernment,itwouldbeintegrated,morevoices! creatingmoreforums parliament–tenantsassociation. Howdowemakemultipleforumsofgovernmentworktogether?

LookatNunavut,theychoseaforeignmodelandlookattheproblems Haudenosauneeinspired/influencedtheUSsystem. Elevatepeopletothesamelevel. Wayofworkbecomesnaturalwayofworkingtogether.It’sawayofbeing. Engagement:thegapbetweenpeopleandtheimpactofpublicpolicy.Weneedtoencourageitatalllevels.

Holistic;outcomeoriented. Developrelationshipwithtraditionalandspiritualleaders. Justlisten. Goodwill,listen,share,growandmovetogether.Continuallyeducate,showgoodwill. inclusiveapproach/path. Includepeoplewhohavedifferentviews(i.e.anti‐reconciliation)–maybenot,goforthelowhangingfruit.

ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT

Issues

Businessneedstobeawarethattheycannotwaltzintofirstnationsterritoryanddoastheyplease.

Whatexamplesarethereasevidenceofwin/winandbestpractices? Whatarethebenefitstoconsultationandreconciliation–howtospellthemout?Whatarethetangibleseg.security,scheduling

Howcanbusinessinvestindevelopinglocalknowledgeandcompetencies? GovernmentsneedtodemonstratetoAboriginalcommunitieswillingnesstorepairwhatisbroken.

Profitmotiveisacultureinandofitself;itturnseverythingintoacommodity. Thereisaneedtohonourthechoicetoliveinsubsistence(asopposedtoprofit).

Whataboutaboriginalprocurement? Reconciliationasabusinessdeduction/writeoff.

FIRSTNATIONSTRADITIONALAPPROACH

Issues

Roleofculture,traditionallifewayinreconciliation Benefitofnon‐adversarialapproach,i.e.talkingcircle,opportunitytobeheard. Maytaketimetoreachconsensus(ornot);takesworktoteachit. Taughtbyoraltradition‐howtoshare? Importanceofrespectingtradition‐needforeducationtogrowawarenesssopeoplearemoreopentoadifferentapproach.

WearetryingtoresolveorreconcileourrelationshipbyonlyusingEuro‐centricwesternlawparticularlywhenitcomestosharingthelandandresources,andwater!Wearestillboundbycolonisticthinkingthatplacesbarriersinfrontofvaluingotherwaysofknowing.

Notaproduct,notaprojectordocument,itisaprocess.

Wemusttalkcross‐culturallyandinter‐generationallyaboutoursharedfuture.WeshouldbuildthenationalindigenousCentreonVictoriaIslandintheOttawariver.

Wemustsharetheresponsibilityofchangingoursystemsofenvironmentalprotection,systemsofgovernancelaws,economies,culturalexpressionandsocialsupporttoreflectourdiverseneedsandrights.

Weneedsubstantialresources.Howabout50%ofthecurrentnationaldefencebudget? Importanceofunderstanding. GreatLaw,oraltradition. Legal,CulturalWinawbeFramework: appliesto5,000miles,outsideofCanadianlegalframework,putintoCeremony–enhancements,pt.ofMan.andWesternOntario.

Consensus. Sustainablehealthycommunitydevelopmentmustbyguidedbyintegrationofcustomarylawwhichidentifiesthesacredresponsibilityforalloflife.Onlythenwillallofourfuturegenerationshaveachance.

LegalandculturalprinciplesneedtotranslateNavahostructure,couldbeastartingpointofaninstitutionalizedmodel.

ShouldknowhowmanybeadsareintheWampumBelt.(i.e.beknowledgeable,learnaboutthespiritofthepeople.)

It’sabouthowtosharetheland,nothowtodivideitup. WemustbeginImmediately.

WalkintheRedRoad ConnectwithElders Learn/walkwiththeseasonsandlearnfromouranimalteachers. AdopttheSevenGrandfatherTeachingsandincorporatetheminthereconciliationprocess. Returntoourtraditionalmedicinesandprayer. RelearnTEK. Traditionalframework–aschildrengrowcharacteristicsofchildrevealedandtraditional. Appointenforcers,conciliators,clans=judge. Reformationoftheeducationsystem;incorporateflexibilityinthecurriculumandmethodologythatbreaksdowninstitutionalracism,eradicatesstereotypes,etc.

Celebrateallofourcultures. Usethe“Sequoia”analogywhereeachpartofthetreerepresentsaNationtakingonaparticularresponsibilitythatiscommensuratewithitsfunctionwithinthetree.

Shareourstoriesandknowledge. Ceremonyineverydaylife.‐everyoneneedsdirection‐thereisnofoundationofspirit‐medicinesarein/outsideterritory,weask‐8thfireislit...nationsfromallmenarehere‐wecannolongerdrawlinesinthesand‐weallsharetheland,animals,doitwithoutconflict‐implementingceremony;weareaskingforguidancetomoveforwardinagoodmanner...sowecanunderstandeachother.good+badineachsideofgrandfatherteachingsceremonieswentunderground,butweknewthatwascomingceremoniesarewatching

Looktojusticecirclesasasuccessfulmodel Needtorespecttraditionalculture. Needforcommitment(notflybynightapproach). Startatahumanlevel‐buildrelationships. Nationalconferencetobringculturalandspiritualleaderstogether. Needforcouragetoconfrontaningrainedattitude.

PROCESS

Issues

Isreconciliationaprincipletoguideourrelationshiporanongoingprocess? Landclaims:Needtoestablishaprocessthatworksforallparties. Processneedstobetransparent.

Welikeastepbystepprocess:individual,community,nation,country. Protocolintheprocesscanbemoreimportantthancontent.Goalsandceremonies. Processneedstobeinclusiveandrespectfulandyoubuildonthat. Buildingtrustaroundlandclaims.–theprocessmayincludesymbolicgestureswhichvaluecanonlybeidentifiedbythewrongfulparty.Maybeimportanttospendtimeearlyinnegotiationprocesstounderstandandaddressthoseimportantsymbols.

RecommendationsonNextStepsandFutureActionfrom41Sessions

HOWCANWEMAKERECONCILIATIONRELEVANTTOMORERECENTIMMIGRANTS?I.E.NEWCANADIANS

TecumsehMemory Curriculumintegration Learnaboutancestors Weneedmorejournalists Weneedmorestory‐writers Looktomake/locateconnectionswithnewCanadians TheNativeCentrecanexpandtheforumforconnections Everybodyispartoftreaties Trainingatliteracycauses AllCanadianstolearnofIndigenousknowledge

Thosewhowillhelpout

ExamplesofVancouverofbridge‐building Constantawareness

HOWDOESNON‐ABORIGINALCANADABECOMEENGAGEDINRECONCILIATION? moreinteractionbetweenAboriginal&non‐Aboriginalpeople arthighlightingAboriginalexperiences&stories educatingourselvesandcelebratingothers’stories

WHATARETHERISKSANDBENEFITSOFUSINGTHELANGUAGEOFRECONCILIATION? Reconciliationcan'thappenuntilthereisrespect,equity,andtrust.It'sabouthealingrelationships

Reconciliationneedstobeappliedtospecificsituations(e.g.landclaims)tobemeaningful Itcan'tjustbeanemptyapology;theapologywouldbeonlyastart. Ithastobeaboutrepentanceandchangingfuturebehaviour.Aboutrestoration. Aboutchangingstructuraldominance/violence

Thosewhowillhelpout

ithastohappenatdifferentlevels(personal,institutional,political),andunderconditionsofrespect.

Italsomight/willinvolvenon‐Aboriginalpeoplegivingupsomethings(power) Insteadofusing"reconciliation,"itwouldbebettertouseorthinkintermsof"relationships."

INORDERTOHEAL,YOUNEEDTOFORGIVETOMOVEFORWARD. needtoforgivetoheal needtohealtoreconcile

WHATDOESRECONCILIATIONMEANTOYOUANDWHATDOYOUPLANONDOINGABOUTIT? Healtogether/Justice/attitudechange“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall. Communities(FirstNations)

RECONCILIATIONINCANADA:WHATAREOURINDIVIDUALRESPONSIBILITIES? educateourselves educatechildren recognizethatitisyourissuetoo meetaFirstNationsperson! littlethingsmatter recognizethatwehavearoleateachofourlevelsofreconciliation lookinternallyourobligations;howthehistoryhasshapedus

HOWDOWECONTINUEBUILDINGTRUSTMOVINGFORWARD? bepreparedtochange–plans,expectations,etc. bepreparedtospendthistimerequiredforthissituation(andthat“time”willdifferineachsituation)

benon‐judgmental openhonestdialogue

RECONCILIATIONISLIKEANEMPTYBOX. Canadadoesnotknowhistory,needtobeknowledgeabletocometothetablewithabeginningstateofunderstanding.

HOWDOESTHEPROFITMOTIVEAFFECTTHERECONCILIATIONPROCESS? Weneedtogetoutofconsumeristmentality;profitisnotaright.Instead,weneedto‘right’relations.

“Moneyistherootofallevil.”Weneedtolookatrelationshipstosolveproblems. Weneedreconciliationwiththeearth IfaFirstNationhasastrongvision,theprofitmotivemayhelpthemachieveit,that’sgreat.But,ifthevisionistogoanotherwayandresourceextractionisforceduponthem,thenreconciliationisundermined.

HowcanaFirstNationtrustthegovernmentifbigbusinesshassomuchinfluence?

Thosewhowillhelpout Profitmotiveatmicroorindividuallevel.Dowewanttoprofitfromorcontributetoreconciliation?

Itisafalseassumptionthatanyofuscanremoveourselvesfromtheeconomicsystem? Weneedtoopenuptheconversationsaboutotherperspectives(oneconomicsystems).

WHATAREYOURACTSOFRECONCILIATION?PERSONALLY?PROFESSIONALLY?AFTERTHISEVENT?

painintopotential listen/silent createspaces understandperspectives comeandliveonthereserve

AREWEMAKINGPROGRESSONDEALINGWITHPASTABORIGINALGRIEVANCES? Reconciliationneedstohappen.CanadaandFirstNationshavetoworktogethermoreclosely.

WHOHASTHEMOST“POWER”TOMOVERECONCILIATIONFROMDIALOGUETOACTION?IFTHEYWEREHERE,WHATWOULDYOUASKTHATTHEYDO?

Useeventstotellthestory(TechumsehCeleb:2012) Write“themissingChapters”ofCanadianHistoryBooks Ensureallstoriesareheard(example:ResidentialSchoolsthatarenoton“theList”) Enablehealthimpactassessmentandhealthequityimpactassessmenttoolsatthecommunitylevel.(i.e.socialdeterminantsofhealthappliedbycommunitiesthemselves)

Tellhighlevelpoliticiansanapologyisnotenough MoreAboriginalStudiesprogramsfromelementaryschooltouniversity BuildanIndigenous/AboriginalheritagecentreineachProvincetotellthetruth Ensuremediafeaturesreconciliationfrequently Useapologyanniversaryasa“DayofRemembrance”

ESTABLISHANATION‐TO‐NATIONRELATIONSHIPBETWEENPOWERS Reconstitutenations‐not632band educateonexample‐regionalauthorities extendterritorialjurisdictionoffreserve makesurethereisequitybetweentreatyFirstNationsanthosewhohaveAboriginaltitle earlytreatiesareverydifferentfromnewnegotiations‐bringforthallthecommissioners‐letteranddiariesforreviewbyall

redefinethespiritandintenthonestly‐Thisisreconciliation

Thosewhowillhelpout

‐Whatarewereconciling? ‐needtoprovideandagreetobetter/fulldefinition‐resolvebigpictureandcommunitypriorities

WHATCANWELEARNFROMNEWZEALAND?THETREATYOFWAITANGI‐PRINCIPLEOFPARTNERSHIP?

Specificexamplesforeducation PartnershipworkswherehavecommonissuebetweenAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginal Differentkindsofpartnershipsratherthanjustbroadpartnership ThrowoutIndianAct,negotiatenowprincipledrelationshipwithpartnership Negotiation/discussionwitnon‐Aboriginalcommunities Maytakelong

WHATISGOVERNMENT‐TO‐GOVERNMENTRELATIONS? Differentinterpretationsoftreaty…noagreedtomeaning. ThepracticeofdealingwithIndiansisoutdated It’sanewcontext (ex.$4,ledshot,riffle,blanket…May…RCMO,CDA,..that’sit.) Howcanweinteractbetter? IndiangovernmentiscopyingtheWhitegovernment(municipalities)(stealing,enrichment) Ataxbaseisthedifference…(i.e.thewaterline)

Peopleinwelfarecan’tafforditwhenitbreaksthereisno$$tofixit.Somanylittlemistakes

Governance‐Membership–INACsystemsvs.traditional Notedthechallengedacommunityhavingthecapacitytoreviewandrespondtorequestforconsultation.

Thereisaconcernthattheinundationofacommunitywithlettersispartofastrategysothecommunitywon’thavetimetoeveropentheletter.Andthenthelackofresponseisenoughtoclaimtheyhavebeen“consulted”.A“tactic”.

OntariohasprovidedfundingtoFirstNationandMétistoadministertheconsultationprocess.Nowwanttogetconsultationpointpeopletogethertofindoutwhatworksandwhatmoreisneeded.

WHATIS/OROURCOMMONGOAL(S)ASNATIVEANDNON‐NATIVEPEOPLE? Lessenbarrierstoequality Increaseaccesstohealthcare,educationandhousing Openprocessforthecommunityregardingwhatthegovernmentisdoing; OpenmindednesswithYouth Organizationsneedtobeculturallyinclusiveinsteadofsegregatingintospecialareas. Maintainculturalties Spendlesstimeondifferencesandincreaseawarenessamongstcommunities StartYoung Community‐basedgrassrootsalliance‐buildingbetweenIndigenousandnon‐indigenousasreconciliation

HOWCANWEINCORPORATERECONCILIATIONINTOLANDCLAIMSETTLEMENTS? Importanceofunderstanding. ShouldknowhowmanybeadsareintheWampumBelt.(i.e.beknowledgeable,learnaboutthespiritofthepeople.)

It’sabouthowtosharetheland,nothowtodivideitup.

HOWWILLWEKNOWTHECONSTRUCTIVECOURSEOFACTIONFORBUILDINGINTHEPRESENTANDFORFUTUREGENERATIONS?

WalkintheRedRoad ConnectwithElders Learn/walkwiththeseasonsandlearnfromouranimalteachers AdopttheSevenGrandfatherTeachingsandincorporatetheminthereconciliationprocess Returntoourtraditionalmedicinesandprayer RelearnTEK ReformationoftheEducationsystem;incorporateflexibilityinthecurriculumandmethodologythatbreaksdowninstitutionalracism,eradicatesstereotypes,etc.

Celebrateallofourcultures Shareourstories,knowledges,etc. Helpyour1)Self,2)Family,3)Communityand4)Nation

Thosewhowillhelpout

Usethe“Sequoia”analogywhereeachpartofthetreerepresentsaNationtakingonaparticularresponsibilitythatiscommensuratewithitsfunctionwithinthetree.

WHATSHOULDALONG‐TERM,SUSTAINABLEPUBLICPOLICYLOOKLIKE? lookatNunavut,theychoseaforeignmodelandlookattheproblems Haudenosauneeinspired/influencedtheUSsystem howdowemakemultipleforumsofgovernmentworktogether? elevatepeopletothesamelevel wayofworkbecomesnaturalwayofworkingtogether.It’sawayofbeing. engagement:thegapbetweenpeopleandtheimpactofpublicpolicy.Weneedtoencourageitatalllevels.

wholistic;outcomeoriented processneedstobeinclusiveandrespectfulandyoubuildonthat Prophecies–howdothesesurface?Howwillweknow?InternationalindigenousconferenceMay2011

Developrelationshipwithtraditionalandspiritualleaders justlisten goodwill,listen,share,growandmovetogether.Continuallyeducate,showgoodwill. inclusiveapproach/path Includepeoplewhohavedifferentviews(i.e.anti‐reconciliation)–maybenot,goforthelowhangingfruit.

increaseawarenessofCanadiansaboutreconciliation Weneedthemedia Tell3people

ARETHERETRADITIONALAPPROACHESTODISPUTERESOLUTIONTHATCANGUIDETHERECONCILIATIONPROCESS

GovernmentsneedtodemonstratetoAboriginalcommunitieswillingnesstorepairwhatisbroken

Processneedstobetransparent looktojusticecirclesasasuccessfulmodel needtorespecttraditionalculture needforcommitment(notflybynightapproach) startatahumanlevel‐buildrelationships admissionofpastwrongs/failuretohonourtreatiesisneeded,wouldstartprocesstobuildtrust

Thosewhowillhelpout

nationalconferencetobringculturalandspiritualleaderstogether needforcouragetoconfrontaningrainedattitude

ANYONEWITHABORIGINALKNOWLEDGEABOUTLEGALFRAMEWORKS? Notaproduct,notaprojectordocument,itisaprocess KeyfiguresneedtobeengagedfrombothsidesCanadianandFirstNations Needfullspectrum–fromyouthandElders Hastobecommunitydriven

RECONCILINGTHROUGHCUSTOMARYLAWANDTHEANISHINABEWELCOMEANDSHARINGWAMPUMBELT

Wemusttalkcross‐culturallyandinter‐generationallyaboutoursharedfuture.WeshouldbuildthenationalindigenousCentreonVictoriaIslandintheOttawariver.

Wemustsharetheresponsibilityofchangingoursystemsofenvironmentalprotectionsystemsofgovernancelaws,economies,culturalexpressionandsocialsupporttoreflectourdiverseneedsandrights.

Weneedsubstantialresources.Howabout50%ofthecurrentnationaldefencebudget. Immediatelywemustbegin.

HOWDOWEENCOURAGE“MODERN”EDUCATIONWHENITSEPARATES,DENIES,RIDICULESTHESPIRITUALCONNECTION?

environmentalissues‐ecologicalmovementmayprovideawaytodealwithscienceandAboriginalvalues‐context

NewZealandagreedtoprovidefundingfor500MaoriPhDs…Thisformsthebasis(seed)forastrongeducationalbaseinthecommunity‐couldCanadadosomethingsimilar?

Generally‐TheTorontoSchoolBoard(andpossiblyothers)areawareoftheissuesandworkingtoresolvethemoratleastdealwiththem

CEREMONYINEVERYDAYLIFE ‐Ibumpedintospirits... good+badineachsideofgrandfatherteachings ceremonieswentunderground,butweknewthatwascoming ceremoniesarewatching

HOWTOGETGOVERNMENTTOMOVEWHENTHEREISN'TPOLITICALWILLINGNESS women'sforums‐createsafespacesforwomenandchildren Aboriginalparty=maybearealitythatwouldhavetobeconsidered movementsuccessful‐grassroots numbersmeansomething

WHATISTHEROLEOFTHEUNIVERSITY(OFTORONTOINADVANCINGRECONCILIATION? Communityoutreach Disseminationofknowledgetopeople Systematicchangetoaccommodatedifferentkindsofwork(e.g.workincommunities)andrecognizealternatewaysofknowing

Formpartnershipswithoutsidegroupswhocanofferadviceandassessalternatemethodsofaccreditationadoptedbytheuniversity

WHATCOULDTHEROLEBEFORTHECHURCHINRECONCILIATION? reconcilethroughTRCprocessandopportunities keyroleinacknowledgingrolewithschoolstoleadtohealing yeschurchcanbeapartofreconciliationbymovingforwardintotwentyfirstcenturyrelationships

beeducatedaboutresidentialschoolsandoveralldoctrineddiscovery usechurchconnectiontobringpeopletogether

usechurchjusticenetworks selfdetermination–moveforward

Thosewhowillhelpout

churchmembers–nativeandnonnative KAIROS(ecumenicaljusticegroup) NancyHurn,AnglicanChurchofCanada

WHATROLECANHUMANRIGHTSCOMMISSIONSPLAYINACHIEVINGRECONCILIATION? ClearneedtoeducateAboriginalPeoplesreOHRC:whatitdoes–relevance?HRTssystemre3Pillars

‐stillperceptionthatwedealwithindividualcomplaints Believeengagingwithcommunities,shouldtryandsortoutjurisdictionalissueifcansocangivesenseofwhatcando:alsorecognitionofsomanyprotocolstobeawareof

‐recognizethoughthatsomematterswillhavetobedeterminedoncase‐by‐casebasis Suggestionthatthoseseekingtofileacomplaintbeabletobringonelderorothersupportpersonwiththem.

ITISIMPORTANTTOEDUCATEOURFIRSTNATIONSMEMBERSANDOURYOUTHTOTELLOURCOMMUNITYOUROWNSTORYABOUTOURCOMMUNITYHISTORYANDOURHEROS.1)MANDATORYTREATYEDUCATION&ABORIGINALRIGHTSEDUCATIONONANDOFFRESERVEAND2)CULTURALTEACHINGONANDOFFRESERVE.COMBINEDTOEDUCATION–EARLYYEARS–12

lobbygovernmentsforchange(FirstNations,Provincial,Federal) graduationistherulenottheexception educationasahumanright–levelsoffunding humanrightsorBillofRightsandResponsibilitiesforstudents discussionbetweenFirstnationeducatorsandcounsellors

WHATKINDOFTOOLSCANFIRSTNATIONSBRINGFORWARDTOENGAGEATTHATSTRATEGICNATION‐TO‐NATIONLEVEL?

thinkshortterm:prioritydiscussions greatearthlaw:Treaty3(regulatoryregive) ‐butyoudon'tgetaroundlegalenforceability ‐thecourtshavestartedtofeelaroundjurisdiction ‐diesitextendoff‐reserve?

equalizationpayments? ‐Createanentitythatcanbeaccountable

self‐governmentagreementstheymustbecustom,totheFirstNationsHowdoyouensuremandatesdon'tchange?

Ontariodoesn'thaveamandatetonegotiateselfgovernment Thechallenge:thelandisusedup multiplejurisdiction..wearegoodatit!(Arethereotherexamplesinlaw?whatmultiple waysarethere...wehaveskills. engagementatbroadsense ‐noteverybodywantsself‐government

whatwouldreallychange? ‐Ontariowouldstillfund

Whatistheview,thewholebasketofself‐governmentlooklike?

Ifthepublicdoesn'twantit,thereisnodrive. HowdowebenefitfromallofwhatOntariohastooffer

IFITISTRUETHATRECONCILIATIONBEGINSWITHYOURSELF,WHATDOWENEEDTODOATHOMESOTHATOURCOMMUNITIESROLEMODELRECONCILE?

changethechildren’sthinking,changethefamily cultureisthegrounding ifyoudon’tactoutthechanges,howcanyouexpectchange needtoknowthehistoryofCanada—educatenon‐nativessotheycanberespectful womenresponsibleforbringingcultureforward‐engagedincommunitydevelopment weneedtoteachourselves,ourfamiliesrespect‐gainforculture

RECONCILIATIONNOTONLYTOUCHESONRELATIONSBETWEENABORIGINALPEOPLESANDNON‐ABORIGINALBUTRECONCILIATIONBETWEENSURVIVORS,THEIRFAMILIESANDCOMMUNITIES.

havepeopleavailabletoyou,knowtheyarethere don’tdoitforme allowyouththeopportunitytoexploreandfindtheirway teachingsonavarietyofthingsincludingsurvival createmoreopennessandinclusiveness inspireusasyoungpeoplesowearebetter ceremony,feasting,storytelling addressthefactthatourfamiliesarehurting

COMMUNITY‐BASEDALLIANCEBUILDING reconciliationoftenhappensoutsideformalgovernmentstructures ceremoniesandprotocolsareimportantforcreatingagoodprocess

HOWDOWECREATEASOCIALMOVEMENTFORRECONCILIATION? Flashmobs,emails,facebook,traditionalandnon‐traditionalways Createanunderstandingfirstlike"EqualityEves"forthewomen'smovement,whichhadplacematswithalltheissuesonthem

ImportantCommemorations(i.e.theTreatyofNiagara):it'sthe250thAnniversaryoftheTreatyin2014

Allthe"PioneerVillage+Forts"alltheysetthereisthesettlerperspective Satireistheperfectvehicle.Usingthemediaandtheatre. UseFamilyDayinOntarioasadayofReconciliation.Imageofchildrenlinkingarms Weneedacatalyst Mythbusting,truth‐tellingcampaign Let'sgetitontothemedia PushtounderstandingofTreaties Rallyaroundpeople Bringrespectfulaboutculturalappropriation Exercisecareifjoiningoneorganizationtoanother What'sinitforme? Makesureweunderstandthepartasitreallyhappened FriendsandNeighboursinthetustsensefothewords

Weallwanttobelong Let'shave10millionpeopleshowinguptocelebrateAboriginalDay(registerontheweb,inpublicplaces)

AlkaSelzer(theApology)inWater(thecountry) onreserveandoffreservehavetostarttalkingtoeachother RossManson'stheatrepieces,greatartisticleaders abenefitconcertwithmusicianswhoareintoreconciliationalaLiveAid,FarmAidetc.bringingAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginalmusicianstogatheranetworkofpublicfigures/speakersbureautotalkabout"R"

WHATISTHEROLEOFSOCIALMEDIAANDONEMEDIAINRECONCILIATION? morewatchdog–createtheequivalentoftheJewishDefenseLeague vigilance monitorcommentsection makeiteasier! “message” reachingouttonewcomers makesureaboriginalvoicesareheard

YOUTHASVEHICLESOFRECONCILIATION–LOCAL/REGIONAL/NATIONAL thateveryonebringatleastoneyouthtofuturegatherings creatingtruthandreconciliationyouthforums createopportunitiestoworkontheland developingcommunityvisionfor20–30years videosforyouth=Shannon’sDreams,ShieldedMinds youthsports–moreinteractionbetweenFirstNationandnon‐native Investinyoung‐socialconsciousness;thisiswherereconciliationcanhappen Passonwhatyouknow Reintroduceculturalactivitiesie.Sweats,PowWows Moregatheringslocally,regionallyandnationally Rolemodelsneeds Mentoringprogramtobeestablished Re‐establishingritesofpassageprocesses

Thosewhowillhelpout

CynthiawillcheckwithT&Rforum Pawa–phaiyupis@fngovernance.org tsioneratahse@yahoo.ca‐worktowardsestablishingaAkwesasneYouthGroup

HOWDOWEGETOURYOUTHINVOLVED?RESIDENTIALSCHOOLISSUE?LEARNABOUTOURHISTORY

GetyouthinvolvedtogetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingNon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds

Nativelanguageprogramsinschools

HOWDOWEINCLUDEYOUTHINRECONCILIATIONINOURCOMMUNITIES? Youthcouncil‐thejudicialsystemandthesechildrenbysufferedthesemeaslycrimesCPIC

creatingpoliciesthatwillcreatearoundcriminalrecordsthatwillallowforvolunteers giveaccesstoyouthtotheirculture,heritageandlanguageandengagethem;presentthemforreconciliation

teachthemtheprocessofleadershipandhowtobecomeincorporated mentorship:mentortheyouthsotheycanbeleaders thecommunitieswilldothis,theywillinvolvethemateverystepofthewayanditwillstartnow

HOWDOWEGETOURYOUTHINVOLVED?RESIDENTIALSCHOOLISSUE?LEARNABOUTOURHISTORY

GetyouthinvolvedtogetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingNon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds

Nativelanguageprogramsinschools

HOWTOMAKEABUSINESSCASEFORRECONCILIATIONINCLUDINGEG.TOSHAREHOLDERS.DOESBIGBUSINESS/INDUSTRYTRUMPTREATYRIGHTS?WHYISDEVELOPMENTBEINGALLOWEDTOHAPPENWHENTHEFIRSTNATIONSPEOPLELIVINGTHERETOHAVERIGHTS‐BASEDDISCUSSIONS

reconciliationispartofthepackagetoagoodbottomline viewconsultationasopposedtoDTCasanopportunity askcommunitieshowtheywanttobeengagedandwhattheirissuesare shareresources=reconciliation istherearolebusinesscanplayinhealthycommunities roleofcorporatecitizenshipandreconciliatione.g.TDandgreenproject,Bellandmentalhealth

scholarships needmoregoodbusinessrolemodels morebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships comparativeinfoaboutinotherjurisdictionsandcountries certaintyisconditionprecedenttoinvestment businesstobusinessrelationshipswithoutthepolitics businessrelationshipsmustbevoluntary FNmustalsoarticulatetheirbottomline. allpartiesmustbeconsistentandknowwhattheywant FNmusthavegoodgovernance relationshipthatismeaningful&sustainable goodrelationshipprinciples:transparent,predictable,sustainable,equalvoice

ISTHEREAWILLINGNESSBYCANADA,ONTARIO(ITSCITIZENS&INSTITUTIONS),INDUSTRYANDFIRSTNATIONS(ITSCITIZENS&INSTITUTIONS)TORECONCILE?ARETHEREBRIDGESTOCLOSETHATGAP?WHATARETHEHINDRANCES?

RoleofTreatiesinresourcedevelopment HowFirstNationcangetafairshareofresourcebenefitsandconvincebusinessthatFirstNationsarenotathreattobusiness

Howtomitigateadverseenvironmentalimpact?Compensation? Roleofdistance(remoteness)inreconciliation Youngpeople‐educationdeficit‐lackofjobs‐social/economicdeficit

Roleofculture,traditionallifewayinreconciliation Howtorepairabrokentrusteg.TreatyComm’rinTreaty9 Roleofhistoryinreconciliation ReconcilingTreatyinterpretations

ResourcesfromtheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance

CROWNCONSULTATIONANDPRACTICESACROSSCANADAMariaMorellato,MandellPinder

WhilesignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinsomejurisdictionsinCanada,therecontinuestobeamarkeddiscrepancybetweenwhatisrequiredoftheCrownatlawandhowtheCrown’sdutytoconsultandaccommodateisactuallybeingexercised.ThisdiscrepancybecomesparticularlyapparentuponareviewandanalysisofthevariousCrownconsultationandaccommodationpoliciesdevelopedtodateinCanada.

fngovernance.org/publications

THECROWN'SCONSTITUTIONALDUTYTOCONSULTANDACCOMMODATEABORIGINALANDTREATYRIGHTSMariaMorellato,MandellPinder

TheCrown’sdutytoconsultandaccommodateAboriginalandtreatyrightsisafundamentalmatterofsocialjusticethatinvokesverysolemnlegalobligations.AttheheartoftheCrown’slegalresponsibilitytoconsultandaccommodateaboriginalandtreatyrightsarechoicesmadeeverydaybyCrownleadersandofficialswhichveryseriouslyimpactnotonlyfundamentalconstitutionalrightsbut,also,theveryhealthandwellbeingofhundredsofthousandsofwomen,menandchildrenlivinginCanada.

fngovernance.org/research

THEJURISDICTIONOFINHERENTRIGHTABORIGINALGOVERNMENTSKentMcNeil,OsgoodeLawSchoolAboriginalgovernmentshavetheauthorityunderexistingCanadianlawtoexercisejurisdiction.TheessentialpointisthatAboriginalgovernmentscanbecomeengagedonagovernment‐to‐governmentbasisimmediately.TheyhavetheauthoritytodosounderexistingCanadianlawanddonothavetoseekpermissiontoexercisetheirjurisdictionfromthefederalgovernment,provincialgovernments,orCanadiancourts.

SEVENGENERATIONS,SEVENTEACHINGS–ENDINGTHEINDIANACTProfessorJohnBorrows,UniversityofVictoria

SixgenerationshavepassedsincetheIndianActwasintroducedandtheseventhgeneration,nowrising,willbehealthierandourcommunitieswillenjoymorefreedomifweassistthemingettingridoftheIndianAct.FollowinghisownAnishnabeteachingsoftheSevenGrandfathers,JohnBorrowsdemonstrateshowthesesevenprinciplescanguideactiontowardslesseningthisholdoftheIndianActonFirstNations.

OURINHERENTRIGHTOFSELF‐GOVERNANCE:ATIMELINEUsethistimelinetoexplorethehistoryofourrighttoself‐governance,arightrootedinouroccupationandjurisdictionoverthelandbeforecontact.

fngovernance.org/timeline

fngovernance.org/services

FIVEPILLARSOFEFFECTIVEGOVERNANCETheCentremodelseffectiveFirstNationsgovernanceonfiveimportantpillars:ThePeople|TheLand|LawsandJurisdiction|Institutions|Resources.ThesefivepillarsofeffectivegovernanceblendthetraditionalvaluesofFirstNationswiththemodernrealitiesofself‐governance.

fngovernance.org/pillars

GOVERNANCETOOLKITExplorethisonlinetoolwith24examplesofbestpracticesinFirstNationsgovernance.Includesover100resourcedocumentsforimplementingeffective,independentgovernance.

fngovernance.org/toolkit

MAKINGFIRSTNATIONLAW:THELISTUGUJMI’GMAQFISHERYOnMay19,1993,theListugujMi’gmaqFirstNationGovernmenttookoverthemanagementofthesalmonfisheryintheRestigoucheRiverwhereitflowsbetweentheprovincesofNewBrunswickandQuebec–waterstheListugujMi’gmaqpeoplehadfishedformanygenerations.Theydidso,notunderacontractwithprovincialorfederalauthorities–theprovinceofQuebecinfactopposedthem.Nordidtheydoitbyaskingpermissionorreceivingarequestfromsomeothergovernment–theyaskednopermissionandreceivednosuchrequests.Nordidtheydoitbyforce–althoughtheiractionswereshapedinpartbyviolence.Theydiditbypassing,implementing,andenforcingalaw.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJNAbGXk9cU

NCFNGYOUTUBECHANNELStoriesaboutsuccessfulFirstNationsandtalksfromexpertsinFirstNationsgovernance.

www.youtube.com/user/fngovernance

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