Reconciliation report final 0311
-
Upload
national-centre-for-first-nations-governance -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Reconciliation report final 0311
University of TorontoNational Centre for First Nations GovernanceMARCH 4, 2011
Symposium onRECONCILIATION IN ONTARIO Opportunities & Next StepsReport on Proceedings
National Centre forFirst Nations GovernanceBC | PRAIRIES | ONTARIO | QUEBEC | ATLANTIC
TableofContents
2 WhatdoesreconciliationlooklikeinOntario?
4 SpeakersBios
9 IssuesandOpportunitiesForindividuals Racism Healing Trust History EducatingOurselves Responsibility
12 IssuesandOpportunitiesforOurCommunities FirstNationsCommunities Educators UniversityofToronto Industry Youth SocialMovement RolesforCommunities
20 IssuesandOpportunitiesforOurGovernments Justice PoliticalWill CommonGoals FirstNationGovernance Government‐to‐GovernmentRelationship Jurisdiction SustainablePublicPolicy EconomicDevelopment FirstNationsTraditionalApproach Process
27 RecommendationsonNextStepsandFutureAction
38 ResourcesfromtheNationalCentre forFirstNationsGovernance
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
2
WhatdoesreconciliationlooklikeinOntario?ReconciliationbetweenIndigenousandnon‐IndigenouspeoplesinCanadaisnotjustaboutthelegacyofresidentialschools.Itisamulti‐facetedprocessthatrestoreslands,economicself‐sufficiency,andpoliticaljurisdictiontoFirstNations,anddevelopsrespectfulandjustrelationshipsbetweenFirstNationsandCanada.
AlthoughahistoryofcolonizationhasdeeplyimpactedallIndigenouspeoplesacrossCanada,anddecolonizationrequiressignificantchangeatthefederallevel,theprocessofreconciliationisalsouniquetoeachregion.Thisisbecauseofculturalandhistoricaldifferencesamongthemorethan630FirstNationsinCanada,varyingsettlerpopulations,differentecosystemsandeconomies.
Thejurisdictionalseparationofprovincialandfederalpowersmeansthattherearedifferentlegalregimesineachprovince.Thissymposiumaskedthequestions:WhatdoesreconciliationlooklikeinOntarioandwhatconcretewayscanitberealized?
TheUniversityofTorontoandtheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernanceinvitedrepresentativesfromOntarioFirstNations,thefederalandOntariogovernments,businessandindustry,andtheuniversityforanopen‐endedandintergenerationalexplorationofthesequestionsatatwo‐daysymposiuminFebruary2011.
THEEVENTFirstNationsleaders,youthandcitizensgatheredwithnon‐Aboriginalbusinesspeople,civilservants,lawyers,academics,andstudentsinanappropriatevenue:theNativeCanadianCentreofToronto.Over140participantscametogethertofindanswerstothecriticalneedforIndigenousandnon‐Indigenouspeoplestomoveforwardonthequestionofreconciliation.
SymposiumSpeakersParticipantslistenedtoahostofdistinguishedspeakerswhopresentedonaboriginalandtreatyrights,historyandreconciliation(Somepresentationswererecordedandcanbeviewedatfngovernance.org/reconciliation).
EldersGraftonAntoneOneidaoftheThamesFirstNation
EileenAntoneLeeMaracleSto:LohNation
LieutenantGovernorTheHonourableDavidC.OnleyLieutenantGovernorofOntario
PresentersHonourableJusticeIanBinnieSupremeCourtofCanada
DougCarr
ChiefBrianLaformeMississaugasoftheNewCreditFirstNation
ChiefAllenMacNaughtonHaudenosauneeConfederacyChiefsCouncil
AaronMillsVicePresident,AboriginalLegalServicesofToronto
CherylMisakVice‐PresidentandProvost,UniversityofToronto
HonourableDavidPetersonFormerPremierofOntarioandChancellor,UniversityofToronto
BenPowlessIndigenousEnvironmentalNetwork
ChrisRobertson
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
3
AssistantDeputyMinister,OntarioMinistryofAboriginalAffairs
MarleneBrantCastellanoProfessorEmeritus,TrentUniversity
JimmyDickSinger/Drummer
VictoriaFreemanCoordinatingDirector,UniversityofTorontoInitiativeonIndigenousGovernance
JoyceHunterDirector,SEVENYouthMediaNetwork
ThomasIsaacPartner,McCarthyTetrault
RebeccaBeaulne‐SteubingCanadianRootsExchange,UniversityofToronto
OgichidaakweGrandChiefDianeKellyGrandCouncilofTreatyThree
NationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance
ShelaghRogersRadioBroadcaster,CBC
DouglasSandersonAssistantProfessor,UniversityofTorontoFacultyofLaw
Satsan(HerbGeorge)President,NationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance
JusticeMurraySinclairChairoftheTruthandReconciliationCommission
AngusToulouseRegionalChief,ChiefsofOntario
Dr.CynthiaWesley‐Esquimaux
DialoguePresentationswerefollowedbydialogue.Participantsconvened41sessionsonawidevarietyoftopicsandreportedtheoutcomeofeachsession.
THISREPORTThisreportisacalltoaction.Itisacompilationofthemanyideas,issues,opportunities,nextstepsandactionsidentifiedbyeventparticipants.ParticipantssuggesteddozensofwaysforOntario’s(andCanada’s)FirstNations,citizens,youth,communities,industry,educatorsandgovernmentstobegintheprocessofreconciliation.
Manyopportunitiesandnextstepscanbestartedtoday.Weencourageeveryonetobeginsomethingnow.
Learnmorebyexploringtheresourceslistedattheendofthisreportandstayconnectedbysubscribingtoemailupdatesat:fngovernance.org/bulletin.
Collectinginformationinvolved41notetakers,volunteertypistsandinterpretationofthenotesgathered.Everyoneworkedtocaptureandcommunicatetheissuesasdiscussed;however,somediscussionmayhavebeenmisinterpretedintheprocess.Weapologizetocontributorswheremeaningwaslost.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
4
SpeakersBios
GRAFTONANTONEGraftonAntoneisfromtheOneidaoftheThamesFirstNation.HeservesasUrbanNativeOutreachMinistryinToronto,aswellasanelder‐in‐residenceatFirstNationsHouse,UniversityofToronto.HeteachestheOneidalanguagealongwithsharingthestoriesandtraditionsofhispeople.
IANBINNIEHonorableJusticeIanBinniehasactedasSpecialParliamentaryCounseltotheJointCommitteeoftheSenateandtheHouseofCommonsontheMeechLakeAccord,representedCanadabeforeaninternationaltribunal,servedasadvisortotheGovernmentofNewfoundlandonconstitutionalamendmentstotheTermsofUnion,lecturedonAboriginalrightsatOsgoodeHallLawSchool,theLawSocietyofUpperCanada,theCanadianBarAssociation,TheAdvocates'Societyandotherprofessionalassociations,authorednumerouspublications,andappearedascounselbeforetheSupremeCourtofCanadainmanyleadingconstitutional,civilandcriminalcases.
DOUGCARRDougCarristheAssistantDeputyMinisterofNegotiationsandReconciliationintheOntarioMinistryofAboriginalAffairs.HehasworkedonAboriginalmattersfortheprovincesince1993.Doughasdegreesinphilosophy,wasaproduceratCBCRadio,andjoinedtheOntariogovernmentin1982toworkonfederalismandconstitutionalreform.
MARLENECASTELLANOMarleneBrantCastellanoisaMohawkoftheBayofQuinteBandandProfessorEmeritusofTrentUniversity.SheprovidedleadershipinthedevelopmentoftheemergingdisciplineofNativeStudies,servedasCo‐DirectorofResearchwiththeRoyalCommissiononAboriginalPeoplesandwhichdraftedRCAP'sEthicalGuidelinesforResearchnowwidelyusedasareferenceforethicalresearchinAboriginalcontexts.ProfessorCastellanohasbeenhonouredwithLLDsfromQueen'sUniversity,St.ThomasUniversityandCarletonUniversity,inductionintotheOrderofOntario,aNationalAboriginalAchievementAwardandnamedanOfficeroftheOrderofCanada.
VICTORIAFREEMANVictoriaFreemanistheauthorofDistantRelations:HowMyAncestorsColonizedNorthAmerica(2000)andistheCoordinatingDirectoroftheUniversityofTorontoInitiativeonIndigenousGovernance.Sheco‐chairs,withSamischolarRaunaKuokkanen,theGrouponIndigenousGovernance,aToronto‐basedinterdisciplinarynetworkofscholars.ShereceivedherPh.D.inHistoryin2010fromtheUniversityofTorontoafterdefendingherdissertation‘TorontoHasNoHistory!’Indigeneity,SettlerColonialismandHistoricalMemoryinCanada’sLargestCity.Sheco‐teachesathird‐yearAboriginalStudiescourseattheUniversityofTorontocalledThePoliticsandProcessofReconciliationwithSto:lowriterandtraditionalteacher
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
5
JOYCEHUNTERJoyceHunterisCreefromWiniskFirstNation,whichisasmallreserveofabout250locatedalongtheHudsonBaycoast.Sheisyoungestof10and,afterleavingDurhamCollegeafterstudyingphotographyandjournalism,workedfortheDailyPressinTimminswhereherfavouritebeatstocoverincludedhumanintereststories,thecourtsandalllevelsofpolitics.Shewentontowinnationalandprovincialawardsforherworkandeventooksometimeoffjournalismtoprovidestrategiccommunicationsadviceasacommunicationsdirectorforaprovincialtreatyorganizationrepresenting49FirstNationsinnorthernOntario.ShenowworksastheDirectorofSEVENYouthMediaNetworkwhereshepublishesamagazine,hostsawebsiteandradioshowandoffersmulti‐mediatrainingsessionswheresheteachesyoungpeoplehowtoharnessmediaskillsindifferentdisciplines:photography,videography,radiobroadcasting,writing,andwebposting.
THOMASISAACThomasIsaacisapartnerintheVancouverofficeofMcCarthyTétrault,leadsthefirmsAboriginalLawGroup,andisoneofCanada’sleadingauthoritiesonAboriginallaw.Mr.IsaacadvisesindustryandgovernmentclientsacrossCanadaonaboriginallegalmatters.Mr.IsaachasappearedbeforetheSupremeCourtofCanada,theBritishColumbiaCourtofAppeal,theBritishColumbiaSupremeCourt,theNorthwestTerritoriesSupremeCourtandtheBritishColumbiaEnvironmentalAppealBoard.HeisaformerChiefTreatyNegotiatorfortheProvinceofBritishColumbiaandpriortothatwasAssistantDeputyMinisterfortheGovernmentoftheNorthwestTerritoriesresponsibleforestablishingNunavut.Mr.IsaacistheauthorofAboriginalLaw:Commentary,CasesandMaterials(3editions)alongwithsixotherbooksandnumerousarticlesonaboriginallegalmatters.
REBECCABEAULNE‐STEUBINGRebeccaBeaulne‐SteubingisaMétisAnishinaabekwepursuingaMastersofEducationdegreeatYorkUniversity.SheisagraduateoftheSociologyandCommunityEconomicandSocialDevelopmentprogramsatAlgomaUniversity,andhasstudiedatShingwaukKinoomaageGamig.Withabackgroundincommunity‐basedresearchanddevelopment,Rebeccahasfoundedandcoordinatedanumberofprojectsintheareasoffoodsecurityandsustainability,thearts,andsocialjusticeinCanadaandinternationally.RebeccacurrentlycoordinatesinterculturaleducationalprogramsforyouthwiththeCanadianRootsExchangeattheUniversityofToronto.
DIANEKELLYDianeKellyisfromtheOjibwaysofOnigamingFirstNation.DianeKellywasnotonlythefirstwomanGrandChiefofTreaty#3,butalsothefirstwomanlawyerintheTreaty#3Nation.SheholdsdegressfromtheAssiniboineCommunityCollegeinBrandon,theUniversityofManitoba.Dianespecializesinfacilitatingconflictresolutionthroughthecreativestrategiesandempowerment.ShehastaughtbothattheUniversityofManitobaandYellowquillCollege.
BRIANLAFORMEBrianLaformeistheChiefoftheMississaugasoftheNewCreditFirstNation.HehasservedontheRegularandSpecialCouncil,theTorontoPurchaseNegotiationTeam,AIAIChief'sCouncil,andtheTomHoweLandfillSiteCommunityTrustCommittee.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
6
LEEMARACLEMs.Maracleistheauthorofanumberofcriticallyacclaimedwinningliteraryworksincluding:Sojourner’sandSundogs,Ravensong,BobbiLee,DaughtersAreForever,Will’sGarden,BentBox,IAmWoman,andFirstWives’Club:SalishStyle,andisco‐editorofanumberofanthologiesincludingtheawardwinningMyHomeAsIRemember,TellingIt:WomenandLanguageAcrossCulture.Ms.MaracleisamemberoftheSto:Lohnation.MaraclehasservedastheDistinguishedVisitingProfessoratbothUniversityofTorontoandWesternWashingtonUniversity.In2009,Ms.MaraclereceivedanHonoraryDoctorofLettersfromtheSt.ThomasUniversity.Upcomingwork:MemoryServes:andotherwords.
AARONMILLSAaronMills(Anishinaabename:WapshkaaMa'iingan)isaBearClanAnishinaabefromCouchichingFirstNationinTreaty#3AnishinaabeTerritory.HeobtainedaJ.D.fromtheUniversityofTorontoin2010.DuringthistimehewasEditor‐in‐ChiefoftheIndigenousLawJournalandobtainedthePresident'sAwardforNativeStudentoftheYear.CurrentlyheisVicePresidentofAboriginalLegalServicesofTorontoandanArticledStudentatOlthuis,Kleer,TownshendLLP,wherehisworkfocusesonthedutytoconsult,bringingindigenouslawintoCanadianlaw,andprotectionofsacredsitesandobjects.HiscoreinterestsarebuildingbridgesbetweenindigenousandCanadianlegalordersandusingAnishinaabeLawtoshapecontemporarylegalandpoliticalrealitiesforAnishinaabegtoday.
CHERYLMISAKCherylMisakisVice‐PresidentandProvostattheUniversityofToronto.ShereceivedherBAfromtheUniversityofLethbridge,MAfromColumbiaUniversity,andherD.PhilfromtheUniversityofOxford.SheisaphilosopherwhoworksonAmericanpragmatism,epistemology,ethics,andphilosophyofmedicine.SheisaFellowoftheRoyalSocietyofCanadaandhasbeenaHumboldtFellow,aVisitingFellowofSt.John'sCollegeCambridge,andaRhodesScholar.
DAVIDPETERSONHonorableChancellorDavidPetersonwasthe20thpremieroftheProvinceofOntario.Inparliamentheoversawaveryactiveperiodofreformandplayedamajorroleinthecountry’sconstitutionaldiscussions.Hecurrentlypracticescorporate/commerciallawinToronto,wherehereceivedhisLawDegreefromtheUniversityofToronto.HewaschieffederalnegotiatorforthedevolutionoftheNorthwestTerritories.ChancellorPetersonhasalsoservedasanadjunctprofessoratYorkUniversity,afellowofMcLaughlinCollege,andExecutive‐in‐ResidenceatRotmanSchoolofManagement.Alongwithhismanycareerpositions,hedevoteshistimetomanycharitiesandpertinentnationalissues.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
7
BENPOWLESSBenPowlessisaMohawkcitizenfromSixNationsinOntario,currentlylivinginOttawa,Canada.HehasrecentlycompletedaninterdisciplinarydegreeinHumanRights,IndigenousandEnvironmentalStudiesatCarletonUniversityinOttawa.HeworkswiththeIndigenousEnvironmentalNetwork(www.ienearth.org),focusedonclimatejusticeandresourceextractioninIndigenousterritories.HeisalsoanorganizerwiththeDefendersoftheLandnetwork(www.defendersoftheland.org).HeisalsoaphotographerandhasworkedwithIndigenouscommunitiesfromNorthernAlbertotothePeruvianAmazon.HeisafounderoftheCanadianYouthClimateCoalitionandcontinuestosupporttheirwork.
CHRISROBERTSONChrisRobertsonisthePresidentofCo‚Se‚MaCommunications,anestablishedandrespectedconsultingpracticebasedinGibsonsLandingontheSunshineCoastinBritishColumbia.Hehasover18yearsofexperiencespecializingincommunityeconomicandorganizationaldevelopment,professionalmanagement,publicandmediacommunications,strategicplanning,governance,landsandresourcessupportwithFirstNationcommunities,governmentsandbusinesses.Mr.Robertsonwasinstrumentalinhelpingdevelop,planandimplementthecreationoftheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance.HeprovidesadvisoryandstrategicplanningservicestotheCentre’sPresidentaswellasfacilitationservicestonumerousFirstNationsthatarecurrentlyinvolvedinthere‐establishmentofgovernancecomponentswithintheirterritories.ChrisservesasaDirectoratLargefortheAboriginalPeoplesTelevisionNetworkboardofdirectors.HeisafoundingmemberoftheCounselforBCAboriginalEconomicDevelopment.
SHELAGHROGERSShelaghRogersisaCanadianradiobroadcasterandiscurrentlythehostofCBCRadioOne’stheNextChapter.Since1980,shehashostedprogramsonmusic,film,literature,andcurrentaffairs.ShereceivedaTransformingLivesAwardfromCAM‐Hin2008.In2010shereceivedtheHeroAwardfromtheMoodDisordersAssociationofOntarioandanawardfromNativeCounsellingServicesofAlbertaforworkingonreconciliation.ShewasalsonamedAmbassadoratLargefortheCanadianCanoeMuseum.In2010,shewasmadeanOfficeroftheOrderofCanadaforhercontributionsasapromoterofCanadianculture,andforhervolunteerworkinthefieldsofmentalhealthandliteracy.
DOUGLASSANDERSONDouglasSandersonisfromtheOpaskwayakCreeNation.HeearnedhisLL.MatColumbiaUniversitywherehewasaFulbrightscholar.From2004‐2007hewasaSeniorAdvisortotheGovernmentofOntario,firstintheOfficeoftheMinisterResponsibleforAboriginalAffairs,andlater,totheAttorneyGeneral.From2007to2009,hewasaVisitingResearchFellowattheUniversityofTorontoFacultyofLaw,whereheisnowanAssistantProfessor.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
8
SATSAN(HERBGEORGE)PresidentandfounderoftheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance,SatsanisoneoftheforemostadvocatesandexpertsonAboriginalrightsandself‐governmentinCanada.Schooledinbothlawandeducation,hehassharedandfurtheredthisknowledgeinhisroleaslong‐timeSpeakerforboththeGitxsanandtheWet’suwet’enNations,adjunctAssociateProfessorintheSchoolofPublicAdministrationattheUniversityofVictoria,teacherintheUniversity’sAdministrationofAboriginalGovernmentsProgram,electedBCRegionalChiefandmemberoftheNationalExecutivefortheAssemblyofFirstNations.ThroughhiscontinuedadvocacyandassistanceofFirstNationswithinhishomeprovinceofBritishColumbiaandacrossthecountry,hehashelpedaffirmandsafeguardAboriginaltitleandTreatyrights.
MURRAYSINCLAIRTheHonourableJusticeMurraySinclairwasappointedAssociateChiefJudgeoftheProvincialCourtandtotheCourtofQueen'sBenchofManitoba,becomingManitoba'sfirstAboriginalJudge.JusticeSinclairwasbornandraisedintheSelkirkareanorthofWinnipeg.HeattendedtheUniversitiesofWinnipegandManitoba,andthelatter’sFacultyofLaw.HislegalcareerhasfocusedprimarilyinthefieldsofCivilandCriminalLitigationandAboriginalLaw.JusticeSinclairwasalsoappointedCo‐CommissionerofManitoba'sAboriginalJusticeInquiry.HehasbeenawardedaNationalAboriginalAchievementawardaswellasthreeHonouraryDegreesforhisworkinthefieldofAboriginaljustice.HeiscurrentlyanadjunctprofessorofLawandanadjunctprofessorintheFacultyofGraduateStudiesattheUniversityofManitoba.
ANGUSTOULOUSEOntarioRegionalChiefAngusToulousewasbornandraisedonSagamokAnishnawbekFirstNation.HewasChiefofhiscommunityforsixconsecutiveterms.ThroughatraditionalleadershipselectionprocessChiefToulousewasselectedasOntarioRegionalChiefinJuneof2005andwasre‐electedforasecondtermin2009.HealsoservesasamemberoftheAssemblyofFirstNationsNationalExecutive.
CYNTHIAWESLEY‐ESQUIMAUXDr.CynthiaWesley‐EsquimauxisformerlyanAsst.professorinAboriginalStudiesandtheFacultyofSocialWork,attheUniversityofToronto.Shehasdedicatedherlifetobuildingbridgesofunderstandingbetweenpeople.Shehasaparticularinterestindevelopingcreativesolutionstocomplexsocialissuesandseesendlessmeritinbringingpeoplefromdiversecultures,ages,andbackgroundstogethertoengageinpracticaldialogue.SheisanAdvisoryMemberoftheMentalHealthCommissionofCanada,holderoftheNexenChairforAboriginalLeadershipoutoftheBanffCentre,andanactiveandengagingmediarepresentative.CynthiaisamemberoftheChippewaofGeorginaIslandFirstNationinLakeSimcoeandhasmadealife‐longcommitmenttoeducatingthepublicaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheNativepeoplesofCanada.Herareasofinterestincludehistoricalandpoliticalrelations,historictrauma,reconciliation,mediarepresentation,andyouthengagement.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
9
Issues,OpportunitiesandNextStepsforIndividuals
RACISM
Issues
Howdowedealwiththeundercurrentofracisminachievingreconciliation? Prejudice.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
NeedtoeducateAboriginalPeoplesabouttheOntarioHumanRightsCommission.Whatitdoesdo,relevance?Thereisstillaperceptionthatitdealswithindividualcomplaints.Recognizethoughthatsomematterswillhavetobedeterminedoncase‐by‐casebasis.Suggestthatthoseseekingtofileacomplaintbeabletobringanelderorothersupportpersonwiththem.
HEALING
Issues
ThechiefscanaccepttheApology,butitisuptotheindividualtoforgive. Weneedtoreconcilewithandhealourselvesbeforeaddressingreconciliationissuesthataffectthebroadercommunity.
Mentalillness. Thefear&hurtisdeep. Theimpactonfamilyandeducationvalueshasbeenproblematic. Somedon’tknowwhatitmeanstobeaparent. Addressthefactthatourfamiliesarehurting. Alcoholismhasdonedamage.Howdopeoplestarttotalktoeachotherinfamiliesthathavebeendamaged?
Wehavenotbeenabletotalktoparentsandotheradultsinthecommunity.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Spirituality:mentally,physically,peaceful. Let’shealtogether.Let’schangeourattitude. Healtogether/justice/attitudechange“unitedwestand,dividedwefall”. Youthcangettoknowadultsongoodterms.Andgettoknoweachother. Inspireusasyoungpeoplesowearebetter. Allowyouththeopportunitytoexploreandfindtheirway. Teachingsonavarietyofthings,includingsurvival. Havepeopleavailabletoyou,knowtheyarethere Createmoreopennessandinclusiveness. Ceremony,feasting,storytelling. Listen/silent Createspaces. Painintopotential. Ifweforgive,wecanheal.Ifweheal,wecanreconcile.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
10
TRUST
Issues
Howdowerepairabrokentrust? Whatarethepointsofconnections? Indifference. Misunderstanding. ThereisseparationandignorancebetweenAboriginal&non‐Aboriginals.Wedon’tcommunicateorengagewitheachother.
Trusttakestime.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Littlethingsmatter. Bepreparedtochangeplans,expectations. Benon‐judgmental. Openhonestdialogue. MoreinteractionbetweenAboriginal&non‐Aboriginalpeople. Findopportunitiestolearnabouteachother. Relationshipisthefoundationforresolvingconcerns. Understandvalues,goals,andcommoninterests. Usereconciliationasaprincipletoguideourrelationship.
HISTORY
Issues
Curiosity;takealookathistoryandremember.Makesurehistorydoesn’trepeat. Canadadoesnotknowhistory;needtobeknowledgeable,tocometothetablewithabeginningstateofunderstanding.
Whatdidwelearnfromthe1990OkaCrisis?HowabouttheIpperwashconflictandtheCaledonialanddisputes?
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Identifytheroleofhistoryinreconciliation. Lookinternallyatourobligationsandhowthehistoryhasshapedus. Historyishereandnow.Weinheritahistory,notablankslate. NeedtoknowthehistoryofCanada—educatenon‐nativessotheycanberespectful.
EDUCATINGOURSELVES
Issues
Reconciliationcan'thappenuntilthereisrespect,equity,andtrust.It'sabouthealingrelationships.
Insteadofusing"reconciliation,"itwouldbebettertouseorthinkintermsof"relationships."
Wedon'tallunderstandthatwearethetreatypeople. Ifyoudon’tactoutthechanges,howcanyouexpectchange? Weneedtoteachourselves,ourfamilies,respectforculture.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
11
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Knowthetruthabouttreaties,residentialschools,RCAPandmore. Whatexamplesarethereasevidenceofwin/winandbestpractices? LearnabouttheTreatyofNiagara1764.ItisnotknownbymostCanadians. TecumsehMemory. Constantawareness Laws–weneedtobeeducatedaboutFirstNationexperience. Wemusteducateourselves. Wemusteducateourchildren. Changethechildren’sthinking,changethefamily Cultureisthegrounding. ArthighlightingAboriginalexperiences&stories Educateourselvesandcelebratingothers’stories. Learnaboutancestors. AllCanadianstolearnofIndigenousknowledge. Weneedtoteachourselves,ourfamiliesrespect‐gainforculture. MeetaFirstNationsperson. Understandperspectives. Takeatriptoreserves. Comeandliveonthereserve.
RESPONSIBILITY
Issues
Wevote,wehaveresponsibility. Recognizethatitisyourissuetoo. Everybodyispartoftreaties.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Recognizethatwehavearoleateachofourownlevelsofreconciliation. Reconciliationisoursto“fill”. We'relivingit.Wearealreadycreatingactsofreconciliation.Whatareyouractsofreconciliation?
Lookinternallyourobligations;howthehistoryhasshapedus.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
12
IssuesandOpportunitiesforourCommunities
FIRSTNATIONSCOMMUNITIES
Issues
Whatistheroleofdistance(remoteness)inreconciliation? Weneedtodefineourselves.Divisionaddstochaos.Wecannotreconcileasseparatenations.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Letthecommunitycomeforthandshowtheirwisdom. Thereispowerinnumbers. Thereispowerintime(theeffortmustendure). Respect,trust,andTwo‐RowWampumbelt. Protocolintheprocesscanbemoreimportantthancontent.Goalsandceremonies. Womenresponsibleforbringingcultureforward‐engagedincommunitydevelopment. Enablehealthimpactassessmentandhealthequityimpactassessmenttoolsatthecommunitylevel(i.e.socialdeterminantsofhealthappliedbycommunitiesthemselves).
Createmoredialogue. Teme‐AugamaAnishnabe(cottagers),artcamp=youth,interculturalrelationbuilding. Ethics. Leaders:peopleinthecommunity.
EDUCATORS
Issues
ThereisdifficultyincorporatingAboriginalcontextandvaluesintoasciencecontext.Howdowechangehowweteachsciences,math,languagesandothercourses?
Changesinthecurriculum;thingsarebeing“Aboriginalized”.Whoteachesandwhattrainingdotheyhave?
Educationhasbecomecomplex‐moresubjects,fewergrades. Howdowemakeeducationrelevant,soastokeepAboriginalstudentsinschool? HowdoweassertAboriginalpre‐eminence,asfoundingsocieties,inaCanadathataffirmsmulticulturalism?
WhoisanewCanadian?WhyarenewCanadianscominghere? Whoaresettlers? Weneedmorejournalists. Weneedmorestory‐writers. Changestoprovincialcurriculum;findingtherighttexts. Educatingtheeducators,educationoutcomesonfirstNationcommunities. Intergenerationalresidentialschoolsyndrome. Curriculumdevelopment. Curriculumintegration Engagingcommunities(parents,Elders,education,boardsofeducation,FirstNationgovernments,ProvincialandFederalgovernments).
Communicationbetweendifferentcommunities.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
13
Extra‐curriculareducation. Secularism. Graduationistherulenottheexception.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Lobbygovernmentsforchange(FirstNations,Provincial,Federal) Educatenewcitizens. Marketculturalevents. Createscholarships. MoreAboriginalStudiesprogramsfromelementaryschooltouniversity Ensureallstoriesareheard(example:ResidentialSchoolsthatarenoton“theList”) Createmorebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships. Usesocialmediatogeneratediscussion. Languageeducationaccreditingeducatorse.g.elders,language,TEK. Usearts,including:dramaticarts,toastmasters,likeprogramming,relationshipsandpersonaldevelopment,busheducation.
Educationasahumanright–levelsoffunding HumanrightsorBillofRightsandResponsibilitiesforstudents. DiscussionbetweenFirstnationeducatorsandcounsellors. Looktomake/locateconnectionswithnewCanadians TheNativeCentrecanexpandtheforumforconnections. Environmentalissues‐ecologicalmovementmayprovideawaytodealwithscienceandAboriginalvalues‐context.
NewZealandagreedtoprovidefundingfor500MaoriPhDs.Thisformsthebasis(seed)forastrongeducationalbaseinthecommunity‐couldCanadadosomethingsimilar?
TheTorontoSchoolBoard(andpossiblyothers)areawareoftheissuesandworkingtoresolvethemoratleastdealwiththem.
UNIVERSITYOFTORONTO
Issues
"Universityisaplacewhereknowledgeismadeanddestroyed." Howcantheuniversityuseitsuniqueresourcestofacilitatereconciliation? WhatisUofT'suniqueroleinreconciliation? Westernacademicvs.traditionalindigenouswaysofknowing. Whataretheobstaclesforindigenousstudentstoadvancingintheacademicenvironment. Lackofindividualswithintheschoolwhocancompetentlyevaluatetheworkofindigenousstudents.
Whatistheroleofuniversitiesinsupportingtheseinitiatives?Forexample,executiveedprogramforFirstNationsandformainstreambusinesstounderstandFirstNationsbusiness.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
AskRotmanschoolofManagementtohostadialogueonreconciliationandbusinesswithCCAP&COO.IncludeCOOyouthwing.
Universitieshavepowerthroughresearch.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
14
Createscholarships. Createmorebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships. Communityoutreach. Disseminationofknowledgetopeople. Systematicchangetoaccommodatedifferentkindsofwork(e.g.workincommunities)andrecognizealternatewaysofknowing.
Formpartnershipswithoutsidegroupswhocanofferadviceandassessalternatemethodsofaccreditationadoptedbytheuniversity.
INDUSTRY
Issues
Dutytoconsultisacrownresponsibility Viewconsultationasopposedtodutytoconsultasanopportunity Consentshouldbeincludedinthelanguageofdutytoconsult. WhatistheroleofTEK? Canwehavethisconversationinothersymposiums,boardrooms,IAP2Canada eg.minoritybusiness,programmeinUS. Roleofuniversitiesinsupportingtheseinitiativeseg.executiveEdprogramforFNandalsoformainstreambusinesstounderFNbusiness.
Isthereagoodbusinesscaseforreconciliation? Whatkindsoftangibleresultsexistforreconciliation? Wearestillstrugglingwiththeprocess;somecompaniesdoitwillingly,somebyforce. Whatistherelationshipbetweenbusinessandtreatyaboriginalrights? HowmightweconsiderFNcitizensasshareholders? Howmightwehavetheinclusiveconversationw/r/tbusinessdevelopmentfuture? HowdowecreatebusinessawarenessaboutFirstNations? Businessisnotinvolvedinagovernmenttogovernmentrelationship,butdowehaveaparallelprocessforlearningaboutFirstNations?
Businessandindustryarenottreatysignatories. Howdoweintegratereconciliationintodaily,corporateoperations?Forexample,agendaitematBOD,oraniteminshareholderreportsCS.
Questionforbusiness.Doyouwanttobepartoftheprocessorwaitforanegativeoutcome?
TheRingofFire–FirstNationsarenotawareofwhatitwilllooklike. Openmeetingsareverytechnicalandnoteasilyunderstood–isthisdoable? Industrydoesnottrumptreatyrights FirstNationsmustalsoarticulatetheirbottomline. Industryneedscertainty. Certaintyisconditionprecedenttoinvestment. CSR–inallbusinesses–howcompanyengagedcommunitiesetc. RelationshipbetweenCSRand2levelsofgovernment Whataboutpoliticalcontinuity? Whatdowedoaboutfragmentationincommunities?TribalCouncils,BandCouncils. Developbusinesstobusinessrelationshipswithoutthepolitics. FirstNationsmusthavegoodgovernance.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
15
CanindustryworkwithFirstNationbusinesswithoutbandcouncilinvolvement? HowdoesindustryliketoseetheirrelationshipwithFirstNationsandgovernment? HowdowedealwithFirstNationpriorities? Whatdowedowithoverlappingterritoriesandinterests? Allpartiesmustbeconsistentandknowwhattheywant. ThefaceofbusinessisCanadian. Howdoweensuremistakesdon’thappenagain? Aretherestandardsforroyaltyrates? Willgovernmentsplitroyalties? Howdowebuildandcreateawarenessoftherelationshipbetweenfirstnationsandgovernment?
Metisissue. IssueofindustryFirstNationshopping?Whattodo?Whowilldoit?Whatresourcesarerequired?
Howdowebuildtrustofoutsideofdevelopment? Businessrelationshipsmustbevoluntary. Autism‐disclosureabouthealthrisks?Whatdowedowithpastnon‐disclosureofrisk? Businesscannothaveburdenoradverseimpactofpastmistakes. WhatistheroleofFirstNationknowledgeortraditionalknowledge?
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Seedutytoconsultasabusinessopportunity. Viewconsultationasopposedtodutytoconsultasanopportunity. Dutytoconsult‐thosecompanieswhodon’ttakeitseriouslywillloseopportunities. Reconciliationisgoodforthebottomline. Reconciliationispartofthepackagetoagoodbottomline. Canadianbusinessforsocialresponsibility. PartnershipbetweencorporationsandFirstNations. Istherearolebusinesscanplayinhealthycommunities?Roleofcorporatecitizenshipandreconciliatione.g.TDandgreenproject,Bellandmentalhealth.
SeeKellogsasanexampleoffillingagovernmentgap. Weneedmoregoodbusinessrolemodels. Createarelationshipthatismeaningful&sustainable. Createmorebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships. Practicegoodrelationshipprinciples:transparent,predictable,sustainable,equalvoice,influencenotnecessarilycapital.
Comparativeinformationaboutreconciliationinotherjurisdictionsandcountries. DoesOntarioMiningCouncilorPDAChaveayouthwing? Isthereajurisdictionalscanordiscussionaboutroyaltyorrates? Developtaxbreaksforaboriginalpartnerships/ventures. CanindustrygerminateFirstNationsbusiness?
YOUTH
Issues
Noonerecognizesthatyouthhavealottooffer.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
16
Nooneincludestheyouth;youthfeelinvisible. Coststoinvite,prioritytosetaside. Knowingtheirhistory. Gettinganeducationbutwhatisthepoint?Noworkathome;peopledon’ttalktothem. inFirstNationscommunities,adultsdon’ttrustyouth. Youthdon’thavetobe‘mychildren’tomakespace. Understandinghistoryandmakingyouthinterested. Museumrenderingsofsacredobjectsi.e.Wampumbelts,notcorrect. Writerswanttowritefromayouthperspectiveontheirissues,butFirstNationsyoutharenotcomingforward.
Adultdisagreementsdonotneedtotransformandyouth‐lateralviolenceneedstostopamongstourselves.
Youthneedtoknowthatsomeoneistheretosupportthem,especiallywhentheydecidetoleavehome.
Takekidsoutofreservetoseeotheryouth. Youngpeople‐educationdeficit‐lackofjobs‐social/economicdeficit 50%ofFirstNationspopulationareundertheageof24. OurFirstNationsyoutharenotwelcomeatthedecision‐makingtable.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Bringyouthtogether. Advanceplanning–putasidemoneyforyouthinvolvement. Canadianrootsexchange–canassistwithsomeofthecosts,andalistingoforganizationsthatcanbringyouthtogatherings
Talktooldestpersonintheirfamily. Establishdrumminggroups. Youtharemoreacceptingofeachotherandknowhowtoresolvedifferencesmoreeasily. Letgomoreeasily. ShareonFacebook. Thereisawillingnesstoshare. Talktoelders. WatchVideos–“ShieldedMinds,”Shannon’sDream SeethemisconceptionofFirstNationsPeoplesportrayalsandtalkingtopeopletocorrect. ConnectwithotherFirstNationsyouth. Letyouthorganizethemselves. Youthsports–moreinteractionbetweenFirstNationandnon‐Native. Penpal. Environmentaldegradation,sayyou’resorry. Educatechildren. GetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingNon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds. Nativelanguageprogramsinschools. Youthcanbemotivatedbytheircurrentangertohelp. Howdoyoucreateinternshipsinpublic,privateandbusiness? Makealaw‐youthcouncils. Observing,shadowing,mentoring.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
17
Createchaptersofyoungpeoples'councilsineveryFirstNation. Createparent/teacherlikegroupswhowillhosteventsintheircommunitywiththeyouth,soitcancreatearelationshipanddialogueamongcommunitymembers.
Everyonebringatleastoneyouthtofuturegatherings. Createtruthandreconciliationyouthforums Createopportunitiestoworkontheland Developacommunityvisionfor20–30years Videosforyouth=Shannon’sDreams,ShieldedMinds Youthsports–moreinteractionbetweenFirstNationandnon‐native. Investinyoung‐socialconsciousness;thisiswherereconciliationcanhappen Passonwhatyouknow. Reintroduceculturalactivitiesie.Sweats,PowWows. Moregatheringslocally,regionallyandnationally. Rolemodels. Establishamentoringprogram. Re‐establishritesofpassageprocesses. Giveyouthaccesstotheirculture,heritageandlanguageandengagethem;presentthemforreconciliation.
Teachyouththeprocessofleadershipandhowtobecomeincorporated. Mentorship:mentortheyouthsotheycanbeleaders. GetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingnon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds. Nativelanguageprogramsinschools. Thecommunitieswillinvolveyouthateverystepofthewayanditwillstartnow.
SOCIALMOVEMENT
Issues
Whatwouldwehavethismovementsay? Whatisthe“message”? Oneriskisthatthelanguagebecomesabuzzword,meaningless,tooundefined.Itcanmean"re‐conned."Analoguestowhathappenedwith"multiculturalism”,or“consultation”.
Wedon'tallunderstandthatwearetheTreatyPeople. Wehavetoanswer"whatisinitforeverybody?"‐caringforeveryoneand/ortheenvironment.
Weneedastatement,adesiredoutcome Weneedtoknowtherealhistory‐thetruth.Whatpeoplethinkwe(Aboriginalpeople)havevs.whatwereallyhave.Wehavetocreateasharedunderstandingofthetruth.Whenwillthiskickin?We'vehavealreadyhad500yearsofoppressionanddictatorship.
Ifyouarebusy,howdoyougetyourmessageoutwhentherearesomanyoutthere? Itisademographicthing. Allthe"PioneerVillage+Forts"alltheysetthereisthesettlerperspective.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Canwehavethisconversationinothersymposiums,inboardrooms? Themediahasthepower.Weneedthemedia. increaseawarenessofCanadiansaboutreconciliation.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
18
Reconciliationoftenhappensoutsideformalgovernmentstructures. Ceremoniesandprotocolsareimportantforcreatingagoodprocess. Useflashmobs,emails,Facebook,traditionalandnon‐traditionalways. Createanunderstandingfirst,like"EqualityEves"forthewomen'smovement,whichhadplacematswithalltheissuesonthem
Celebrateimportantcommemorations(i.e.theTreatyofNiagara):it'sthe250thAnniversaryoftheTreatyin2014
Satireistheperfectvehicle.Usingthemediaandtheatre. BuildanIndigenous/AboriginalheritagecentreineachProvincetotellthetruth Ensuremediafeaturesreconciliationfrequently Useapologyanniversaryasa“DayofRemembrance” UseFamilyDayinOntarioasadayofReconciliation.Imageofchildrenlinkingarms. Weneedacatalyst. Mythbusting,truth‐tellingcampaign. Let'sgetitintothemedia. Pushtheunderstandingoftreaties. Rallyaroundpeople. Berespectfulaboutculturalappropriation. Exercisecareifjoiningoneorganizationtoanother. Answerthequestion“What'sinitforme?”. Makesureweunderstandwhatreallyhappened. Weallwanttobelong. Let'shave10millionpeopleshowinguptocelebrateAboriginalDay(registerontheweb,inpublicplaces).
AlkaSeltzer(theApology)inWater(thecountry). Onreserveandoffreserve,wehavetostarttalkingtoeachother. RossManson'stheatrepieces,greatartisticleaders. Abenefitconcertwithmusicianswhoareintoreconciliation,alaLiveAidorFarmAid.BringAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginalmusicianstogatheranetworkofpublicfigures/speakersbureautotalkabout"R".
morewatchdog–createtheequivalentoftheJewishDefenceLeague. Monitorthecommentssectioninonlinemedia. Reachouttonewcomers. ExamplesinVancouverofbridge‐building Makesureaboriginalvoicesareheard. Tell3people.
ROLES
Issues
Whatistheroleofuniversitiesinsupportingtheseinitiatives?Forexample,executiveedprogramforFirstNationsandformainstreambusinesstounderstandFirstNationsbusiness.
Thereisgovernmentresistance–reconciliationshouldbeatopdream,aswellasbottomup.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
19
Istherearolebusinesscanplayinhealthycommunities?Roleofcorporatecitizenshipandreconciliation.Forexample,TDandgreenproject,Bellandmentalhealth.
Therearetwosidestoreconciliation,weneedchurchpresence;whatrightdochurchesandsurvivorshold;bringsidestogetherfordiscussion.
WhatdoesOntarioHumanRightsCommissiondo?HowdoesitdifferfromCanadianHumanRightsCommission?HowcanOHRChelpAboriginalPeople?Jurisdictionissues–don’tmostissuesfallintofederaljurisdiction?Scepticismanddistrustofhumanrightssystemasstillpartofgovernmentinstitution.Thereisafearoffilingcomplaintofdiscrimination‐whyshouldwetrustyou?Whyshouldwegiveyouinformation?Concernsregardingconfidentiality;fearofreprisalifwespeak‐up.ManyAboriginalpeoplejusttendtoputupwithitifspeakingupcouldleadtodirecircumstances.
Mediaisabigtoolforsettingthestatusquo.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Churchcanbeapartofreconciliationbymovingforwardintotwentyfirstcenturyrelationships.ReconcilethroughTRCprocessandopportunities.Usechurchjusticenetworks.Usechurchconnectiontobringpeopletogether.Keyroleinacknowledgingrolewithschoolstoleadtohealing.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
20
Issues,OpportunitiesandNextStepsforourGovernments
JUSTICE
Issues
Injusticesneedtobecorrectedproperly. LandClaims‐Isthereaneedforanapologyforthewrongthatwasdone?Recognizethevalueofsymbolicactionstothewrongfulparty.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Admissionofpastwrongs/failuretohonourtreatiesisneeded,wouldstartprocesstobuildtrust.
POLITICALWILL
Issues
ThereispressurefromcorporationsforaccesstoresourcesandthisagendaissupportedbytheCanadiangovernment.
Politiciansatthehighestlevelandthe“mandarins”oftheFederalGovernmenthavethepower.
Canadianshavealottodowiththeirsystem,politicalcorruptionwithinthepast5years;dysfunctionalelectoralprocess;somanyunwrittenconventionsonethicalconduct.
Rogues,nowayofstopping;howtofigurewhattodoaboutroguegovernmentsthatdon'tadheretopoliticalconventions.
Communicationneedstobegreater. Weneedavoterblock. Weneedregimechange. FirstNationspeople,somedon'tvoteintochange. FormanAboriginalparty. Howcorruptarethepoliticalsystems,FirstNationsandnon‐native? Womenandchildrenneedspacetospeak. Whatlanguagearewespeaking? Avoidre‐inventingcolonizationunderdifferentcolour. ResidentialSchoolApologywithactualemotion;actualreality Usewordscarefully.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Women'sforums‐createsafespacesforwomenandchildren. Aboriginalparty=maybearealitythatwouldhavetobeconsidered. Createagrassrootsmovement. Numbersmeansomething. Tellhighlevelpoliticiansanapologyisnotenough.
COMMONGOALS
Issues
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
21
Mainissues:Health;Happiness;Meaningfulandgainfulemployment(notMcJobs);weneedtobeatthedecision‐makingtable;.Alloftheabovehastobeforfuturegenerations.
Recognition. Citizenship. Self‐determination. Weneedsomeone/peopleto“carrythefire”(constructivecourseofaction).
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Lessenbarrierstoequality Increaseaccesstohealthcare,educationandhousing. Createanopenprocessforthecommunityregardingwhatthegovernmentisdoing. OpenmindednesswithYouth. Organizationsneedtobeculturallyinclusiveinsteadofsegregatingintospecialareas. Maintainculturalties. Spendlesstimeondifferencesandincreaseawarenessamongstcommunities. StartYoung Community‐basedgrassrootsalliance‐buildingbetweenIndigenousandnon‐indigenousasreconciliation.
PartnershipworkswherehavecommonissuebetweenAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginal Differentkindsofpartnershipsratherthanjustbroadpartnership.
FIRSTNATIONGOVERNANCE
Issues
HowtodealwithdifferentfactionswithinaFirstNationinfaceofanelectedBandCouncil.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Createthetechnicalcapacitytodealwithconsultationissues.Forexample,GISsurvey,smallcriticalmassoffolkswithspecifictechnicalcompetencies.
Needfullspectrum–fromyouthandelders. Createchaptersofyoungpeoples'councilsineveryFirstNation. Hastobecommunitydriven.
GOVERNMENTTOGOVERNMENTRELATIONSHIP
Issues
Whatarethemainissues? Whatarewereconciling? HowdowebenefitfromallofwhatOntariohastooffer? Insteadofusing"reconciliation,"itwouldbebettertouseorthinkintermsof"relationships."
Reconciliationneedstobeappliedtospecificsituations(e.g.landclaims)tobemeaningful Weneedtoprovideandagreetobetter/fulldefinition‐resolvethebigpictureandcommunitypriorities.
Isreconciliationaprincipletoguideourrelationshiporanongoingprocess? Howdoesthenegotiatingtableaddresschangestoaccesstospiritualsitesresultingfromrelocation?
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
22
Italsomight/willinvolvenon‐Aboriginalpeoplegivingupsomethings(power). Metisperspectiveneedstobeincluded. Howdoyouensuremandatesdon'tchange? WhatcanwelearnfromtheTreatyofWaitangi‐PrincipleofPartnership? Ontariodoesn'thaveamandatetonegotiateself‐government. Thechallenge:thelandisusedup. ThereisaconcernthattheinundationofaFirstNationcommunitywithreferrallettersispartofastrategysothecommunitywon’thavetimetoeveropentheletter.Andthenthelackofresponseisenoughtoclaimtheyhavebeen“consulted”;a“tactic”.
Askcommunitieshowtheywanttobeengagedandwhattheirissuesare. Equality,twosides?Issuetoissue. Differentinterpretationsoftreaty…noagreedtomeaning. ThepracticeofdealingwithIndiansisoutdated Weneedtrust. Treatyrelationship Canadahasatleast3foundingpeoples. Canyouhavegovernmenttogovernmentrelations,withapowerimbalance,especiallywhenonecontrolsreserves?
Howdoyoudevelopthetrustfactor? Weallhaveownagenda(feelingeachotheroutnotb/wfed/prov). Mistrust,howcanwefixit? Engagementatbroadsense‐noteverybodywantsself‐government Whatwouldreallychange?Ontariowouldstillfund. Whatistheview.Whatdoesthewholebasketofself‐governmentlooklike? Ifthepublicdoesn'twantit,thereisnodrive. Justlistentothewaytheytalk–theyhavenoideawhatNativepeoplewant…visa.versa…. Howdowereconcilejurisdictionalrelationships? WhatisthebasketofresponsibilitiesthataFirstNation… Treaty3–theviewisthatanyactivitythatwillaffecttheFN,thenthediscussionsarebetweentheFNcouncilandthefederalorprovincialgovernment
PowersofFNgovernment.Lawmakingonreserveshouldberespected.Lawstoprotectthepeopleandforsocialorder.Abilitytoenforcethoselaws.
HowshouldaprovincialbureaucratcommunicatewithaFirstNationandwhatisanappropriateprotocoltoopendiscussions.
Culturaldifferences. WillingnessofgovernmenttoadoptAboriginalapproachesmaybeanobstacle. MakesurethereisequitybetweentreatyFirstNationsandthosewhohaveAboriginaltitle. Earlytreatiesareverydifferentfromnewnegotiations;bringforthallthecommissionersandletteranddiariesforreviewbyall.
Engagementatbroadsense‐noteverybodywantsself‐government Whatwouldreallychange?Ontariowouldstillfund. Whatistheview.Whatdoesthewholebasketofself‐governmentlooklike? Ifthepublicdoesn'twantit,thereisnodrive. Weneedtogetoutofconsumeristmentality;profitisnotaright.Instead,weneedto‘right’relations.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
23
“Moneyistherootofallevil.”Weneedtolookatrelationshipstosolveproblems. Weneedreconciliationwiththeearth. IfaFirstNationhasastrongvision,theprofitmotivemayhelpthemachieveit,that’sgreat.But,ifthevisionistogoanotherwayandresourceextractionisforceduponthem,thenreconciliationisundermined.
HowcanaFirstNationtrustthegovernmentifbigbusinesshassomuchinfluence? KeyfiguresneedtobeengagedfrombothsidesCanadianandFirstNations.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Recommendations:speaktoFirstNationandfindoutwhattheythinkwouldwork. FirstNationsinterests.Knowingwhatweknow,thesemaywork:knowledgeandabilitytotellgovernmentwhatprocessestheyneedtofollow,writtenforgov't‐protocolsnegotiatedbetweentheprovinceandFirstNations‐capacity:developconsultationprotocols,newrelationfund.
OntariohasprovidedfundingtoFirstNationandMétistoadministertheconsultationprocess.Getconsultationpointpeopletogethertofindoutwhatworksandwhatmoreisneeded.
FirstNationsinterests:FirstNationassertingjurisdictionoffreserve,tryingtoregulate. Traditionalterritory. Relationshipisthefoundationforresolvingconcerns. Weneedtounderstandvalues,goals,andcommoninterests Makesuretherightpeopleareatthetable. GreatLawofPeace–Setsoutrightofthepeople. Reconstitutenations‐not632bands. Extendterritorialjurisdictionoffreserve. Redefinethespiritandintenthonestly‐thisisreconciliation. Thinkshortterm:prioritydiscussions. Greatearthlaw:Treaty3(regulatory) Equalizationpayments?Createanentitythatcanbeaccountable. Self‐governmentagreements;theymustbecustomtotheFirstNations. Multiplejurisdiction..wearegoodatit!Arethereotherexamplesinlaw? Waysarethere...wehaveskills. Negotiation/discussionwithnon‐Aboriginalcommunities. ThrowoutIndianAct,negotiateonprincipledrelationshipwithpartnership.
JURISDICTION
Issues
JurisdictionissueswithCanada;willonlybeinvolvedwithmattersfallingwithinitsjurisdiction‐howtodealwiththis,isthereawillingnesstodealwiththis?
How(assumingthereisawillingness)toensure(enforce)this? Roleoftreatiesinresourcedevelopment. HowFirstNationcangetafairshareofresourcebenefitsandconvincebusinessthatFirstNationsarenotathreattobusiness.
Howdowemitigateadverseenvironmentalimpact?Compensation? issueshavetobesettledincourt.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
24
ThereispressurefromcorporationsforaccesstoresourcesandthisagendaissupportedbytheCanadiangovernment.
BusinesswasalwaysconductedinFirstNationscommunities,butIndianActaffectedhowthiscouldbedone.
Profitmotiveiswhatfuelledcolonialismtobeginwith.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Isthereajurisdictionalscanordiscussionaboutroyaltyorrates? Shareresources=reconciliation. ReconcilingTreatyinterpretations.
SUSTAINABLEPUBLICPOLICY
Issues
Wheredowewanttobe?Let’sdescribeit?Whatwouldbetheelements? Itwouldinvolvefairnessbutwhatdoesitmean? Therewouldbeuniversalaccesstoeducation,health… whatistheendgoal? wewouldhaveagreatlawallowingpeopletolivewillintheirownways. notsuchanadversarialformofgovernment,itwouldbeintegrated,morevoices! creatingmoreforums parliament–tenantsassociation. Howdowemakemultipleforumsofgovernmentworktogether?
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
LookatNunavut,theychoseaforeignmodelandlookattheproblems Haudenosauneeinspired/influencedtheUSsystem. Elevatepeopletothesamelevel. Wayofworkbecomesnaturalwayofworkingtogether.It’sawayofbeing. Engagement:thegapbetweenpeopleandtheimpactofpublicpolicy.Weneedtoencourageitatalllevels.
Holistic;outcomeoriented. Developrelationshipwithtraditionalandspiritualleaders. Justlisten. Goodwill,listen,share,growandmovetogether.Continuallyeducate,showgoodwill. inclusiveapproach/path. Includepeoplewhohavedifferentviews(i.e.anti‐reconciliation)–maybenot,goforthelowhangingfruit.
ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT
Issues
Businessneedstobeawarethattheycannotwaltzintofirstnationsterritoryanddoastheyplease.
Whatexamplesarethereasevidenceofwin/winandbestpractices? Whatarethebenefitstoconsultationandreconciliation–howtospellthemout?Whatarethetangibleseg.security,scheduling
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
25
Howcanbusinessinvestindevelopinglocalknowledgeandcompetencies? GovernmentsneedtodemonstratetoAboriginalcommunitieswillingnesstorepairwhatisbroken.
Profitmotiveisacultureinandofitself;itturnseverythingintoacommodity. Thereisaneedtohonourthechoicetoliveinsubsistence(asopposedtoprofit).
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Whataboutaboriginalprocurement? Reconciliationasabusinessdeduction/writeoff.
FIRSTNATIONSTRADITIONALAPPROACH
Issues
Roleofculture,traditionallifewayinreconciliation Benefitofnon‐adversarialapproach,i.e.talkingcircle,opportunitytobeheard. Maytaketimetoreachconsensus(ornot);takesworktoteachit. Taughtbyoraltradition‐howtoshare? Importanceofrespectingtradition‐needforeducationtogrowawarenesssopeoplearemoreopentoadifferentapproach.
WearetryingtoresolveorreconcileourrelationshipbyonlyusingEuro‐centricwesternlawparticularlywhenitcomestosharingthelandandresources,andwater!Wearestillboundbycolonisticthinkingthatplacesbarriersinfrontofvaluingotherwaysofknowing.
Notaproduct,notaprojectordocument,itisaprocess.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Wemusttalkcross‐culturallyandinter‐generationallyaboutoursharedfuture.WeshouldbuildthenationalindigenousCentreonVictoriaIslandintheOttawariver.
Wemustsharetheresponsibilityofchangingoursystemsofenvironmentalprotection,systemsofgovernancelaws,economies,culturalexpressionandsocialsupporttoreflectourdiverseneedsandrights.
Weneedsubstantialresources.Howabout50%ofthecurrentnationaldefencebudget? Importanceofunderstanding. GreatLaw,oraltradition. Legal,CulturalWinawbeFramework: appliesto5,000miles,outsideofCanadianlegalframework,putintoCeremony–enhancements,pt.ofMan.andWesternOntario.
Consensus. Sustainablehealthycommunitydevelopmentmustbyguidedbyintegrationofcustomarylawwhichidentifiesthesacredresponsibilityforalloflife.Onlythenwillallofourfuturegenerationshaveachance.
LegalandculturalprinciplesneedtotranslateNavahostructure,couldbeastartingpointofaninstitutionalizedmodel.
ShouldknowhowmanybeadsareintheWampumBelt.(i.e.beknowledgeable,learnaboutthespiritofthepeople.)
It’sabouthowtosharetheland,nothowtodivideitup. WemustbeginImmediately.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
26
WalkintheRedRoad ConnectwithElders Learn/walkwiththeseasonsandlearnfromouranimalteachers. AdopttheSevenGrandfatherTeachingsandincorporatetheminthereconciliationprocess. Returntoourtraditionalmedicinesandprayer. RelearnTEK. Traditionalframework–aschildrengrowcharacteristicsofchildrevealedandtraditional. Appointenforcers,conciliators,clans=judge. Reformationoftheeducationsystem;incorporateflexibilityinthecurriculumandmethodologythatbreaksdowninstitutionalracism,eradicatesstereotypes,etc.
Celebrateallofourcultures. Usethe“Sequoia”analogywhereeachpartofthetreerepresentsaNationtakingonaparticularresponsibilitythatiscommensuratewithitsfunctionwithinthetree.
Shareourstoriesandknowledge. Ceremonyineverydaylife.‐everyoneneedsdirection‐thereisnofoundationofspirit‐medicinesarein/outsideterritory,weask‐8thfireislit...nationsfromallmenarehere‐wecannolongerdrawlinesinthesand‐weallsharetheland,animals,doitwithoutconflict‐implementingceremony;weareaskingforguidancetomoveforwardinagoodmanner...sowecanunderstandeachother.good+badineachsideofgrandfatherteachingsceremonieswentunderground,butweknewthatwascomingceremoniesarewatching
Looktojusticecirclesasasuccessfulmodel Needtorespecttraditionalculture. Needforcommitment(notflybynightapproach). Startatahumanlevel‐buildrelationships. Nationalconferencetobringculturalandspiritualleaderstogether. Needforcouragetoconfrontaningrainedattitude.
PROCESS
Issues
Isreconciliationaprincipletoguideourrelationshiporanongoingprocess? Landclaims:Needtoestablishaprocessthatworksforallparties. Processneedstobetransparent.
OpportunitiesandNextSteps
Welikeastepbystepprocess:individual,community,nation,country. Protocolintheprocesscanbemoreimportantthancontent.Goalsandceremonies. Processneedstobeinclusiveandrespectfulandyoubuildonthat. Buildingtrustaroundlandclaims.–theprocessmayincludesymbolicgestureswhichvaluecanonlybeidentifiedbythewrongfulparty.Maybeimportanttospendtimeearlyinnegotiationprocesstounderstandandaddressthoseimportantsymbols.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
27
RecommendationsonNextStepsandFutureActionfrom41Sessions
HOWCANWEMAKERECONCILIATIONRELEVANTTOMORERECENTIMMIGRANTS?I.E.NEWCANADIANS
TecumsehMemory Curriculumintegration Learnaboutancestors Weneedmorejournalists Weneedmorestory‐writers Looktomake/locateconnectionswithnewCanadians TheNativeCentrecanexpandtheforumforconnections Everybodyispartoftreaties Trainingatliteracycauses AllCanadianstolearnofIndigenousknowledge
Thosewhowillhelpout
ExamplesofVancouverofbridge‐building Constantawareness
HOWDOESNON‐ABORIGINALCANADABECOMEENGAGEDINRECONCILIATION? moreinteractionbetweenAboriginal&non‐Aboriginalpeople arthighlightingAboriginalexperiences&stories educatingourselvesandcelebratingothers’stories
WHATARETHERISKSANDBENEFITSOFUSINGTHELANGUAGEOFRECONCILIATION? Reconciliationcan'thappenuntilthereisrespect,equity,andtrust.It'sabouthealingrelationships
Reconciliationneedstobeappliedtospecificsituations(e.g.landclaims)tobemeaningful Itcan'tjustbeanemptyapology;theapologywouldbeonlyastart. Ithastobeaboutrepentanceandchangingfuturebehaviour.Aboutrestoration. Aboutchangingstructuraldominance/violence
Thosewhowillhelpout
ithastohappenatdifferentlevels(personal,institutional,political),andunderconditionsofrespect.
Italsomight/willinvolvenon‐Aboriginalpeoplegivingupsomethings(power) Insteadofusing"reconciliation,"itwouldbebettertouseorthinkintermsof"relationships."
INORDERTOHEAL,YOUNEEDTOFORGIVETOMOVEFORWARD. needtoforgivetoheal needtohealtoreconcile
WHATDOESRECONCILIATIONMEANTOYOUANDWHATDOYOUPLANONDOINGABOUTIT? Healtogether/Justice/attitudechange“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall. Communities(FirstNations)
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
28
RECONCILIATIONINCANADA:WHATAREOURINDIVIDUALRESPONSIBILITIES? educateourselves educatechildren recognizethatitisyourissuetoo meetaFirstNationsperson! littlethingsmatter recognizethatwehavearoleateachofourlevelsofreconciliation lookinternallyourobligations;howthehistoryhasshapedus
HOWDOWECONTINUEBUILDINGTRUSTMOVINGFORWARD? bepreparedtochange–plans,expectations,etc. bepreparedtospendthistimerequiredforthissituation(andthat“time”willdifferineachsituation)
benon‐judgmental openhonestdialogue
RECONCILIATIONISLIKEANEMPTYBOX. Canadadoesnotknowhistory,needtobeknowledgeabletocometothetablewithabeginningstateofunderstanding.
HOWDOESTHEPROFITMOTIVEAFFECTTHERECONCILIATIONPROCESS? Weneedtogetoutofconsumeristmentality;profitisnotaright.Instead,weneedto‘right’relations.
“Moneyistherootofallevil.”Weneedtolookatrelationshipstosolveproblems. Weneedreconciliationwiththeearth IfaFirstNationhasastrongvision,theprofitmotivemayhelpthemachieveit,that’sgreat.But,ifthevisionistogoanotherwayandresourceextractionisforceduponthem,thenreconciliationisundermined.
HowcanaFirstNationtrustthegovernmentifbigbusinesshassomuchinfluence?
Thosewhowillhelpout Profitmotiveatmicroorindividuallevel.Dowewanttoprofitfromorcontributetoreconciliation?
Itisafalseassumptionthatanyofuscanremoveourselvesfromtheeconomicsystem? Weneedtoopenuptheconversationsaboutotherperspectives(oneconomicsystems).
WHATAREYOURACTSOFRECONCILIATION?PERSONALLY?PROFESSIONALLY?AFTERTHISEVENT?
painintopotential listen/silent createspaces understandperspectives comeandliveonthereserve
AREWEMAKINGPROGRESSONDEALINGWITHPASTABORIGINALGRIEVANCES? Reconciliationneedstohappen.CanadaandFirstNationshavetoworktogethermoreclosely.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
29
WHOHASTHEMOST“POWER”TOMOVERECONCILIATIONFROMDIALOGUETOACTION?IFTHEYWEREHERE,WHATWOULDYOUASKTHATTHEYDO?
Useeventstotellthestory(TechumsehCeleb:2012) Write“themissingChapters”ofCanadianHistoryBooks Ensureallstoriesareheard(example:ResidentialSchoolsthatarenoton“theList”) Enablehealthimpactassessmentandhealthequityimpactassessmenttoolsatthecommunitylevel.(i.e.socialdeterminantsofhealthappliedbycommunitiesthemselves)
Tellhighlevelpoliticiansanapologyisnotenough MoreAboriginalStudiesprogramsfromelementaryschooltouniversity BuildanIndigenous/AboriginalheritagecentreineachProvincetotellthetruth Ensuremediafeaturesreconciliationfrequently Useapologyanniversaryasa“DayofRemembrance”
ESTABLISHANATION‐TO‐NATIONRELATIONSHIPBETWEENPOWERS Reconstitutenations‐not632band educateonexample‐regionalauthorities extendterritorialjurisdictionoffreserve makesurethereisequitybetweentreatyFirstNationsanthosewhohaveAboriginaltitle earlytreatiesareverydifferentfromnewnegotiations‐bringforthallthecommissioners‐letteranddiariesforreviewbyall
redefinethespiritandintenthonestly‐Thisisreconciliation
Thosewhowillhelpout
‐Whatarewereconciling? ‐needtoprovideandagreetobetter/fulldefinition‐resolvebigpictureandcommunitypriorities
WHATCANWELEARNFROMNEWZEALAND?THETREATYOFWAITANGI‐PRINCIPLEOFPARTNERSHIP?
Specificexamplesforeducation PartnershipworkswherehavecommonissuebetweenAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginal Differentkindsofpartnershipsratherthanjustbroadpartnership ThrowoutIndianAct,negotiatenowprincipledrelationshipwithpartnership Negotiation/discussionwitnon‐Aboriginalcommunities Maytakelong
WHATISGOVERNMENT‐TO‐GOVERNMENTRELATIONS? Differentinterpretationsoftreaty…noagreedtomeaning. ThepracticeofdealingwithIndiansisoutdated It’sanewcontext (ex.$4,ledshot,riffle,blanket…May…RCMO,CDA,..that’sit.) Howcanweinteractbetter? IndiangovernmentiscopyingtheWhitegovernment(municipalities)(stealing,enrichment) Ataxbaseisthedifference…(i.e.thewaterline)
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
30
Peopleinwelfarecan’tafforditwhenitbreaksthereisno$$tofixit.Somanylittlemistakes
Governance‐Membership–INACsystemsvs.traditional Notedthechallengedacommunityhavingthecapacitytoreviewandrespondtorequestforconsultation.
Thereisaconcernthattheinundationofacommunitywithlettersispartofastrategysothecommunitywon’thavetimetoeveropentheletter.Andthenthelackofresponseisenoughtoclaimtheyhavebeen“consulted”.A“tactic”.
OntariohasprovidedfundingtoFirstNationandMétistoadministertheconsultationprocess.Nowwanttogetconsultationpointpeopletogethertofindoutwhatworksandwhatmoreisneeded.
WHATIS/OROURCOMMONGOAL(S)ASNATIVEANDNON‐NATIVEPEOPLE? Lessenbarrierstoequality Increaseaccesstohealthcare,educationandhousing Openprocessforthecommunityregardingwhatthegovernmentisdoing; OpenmindednesswithYouth Organizationsneedtobeculturallyinclusiveinsteadofsegregatingintospecialareas. Maintainculturalties Spendlesstimeondifferencesandincreaseawarenessamongstcommunities StartYoung Community‐basedgrassrootsalliance‐buildingbetweenIndigenousandnon‐indigenousasreconciliation
HOWCANWEINCORPORATERECONCILIATIONINTOLANDCLAIMSETTLEMENTS? Importanceofunderstanding. ShouldknowhowmanybeadsareintheWampumBelt.(i.e.beknowledgeable,learnaboutthespiritofthepeople.)
It’sabouthowtosharetheland,nothowtodivideitup.
HOWWILLWEKNOWTHECONSTRUCTIVECOURSEOFACTIONFORBUILDINGINTHEPRESENTANDFORFUTUREGENERATIONS?
WalkintheRedRoad ConnectwithElders Learn/walkwiththeseasonsandlearnfromouranimalteachers AdopttheSevenGrandfatherTeachingsandincorporatetheminthereconciliationprocess Returntoourtraditionalmedicinesandprayer RelearnTEK ReformationoftheEducationsystem;incorporateflexibilityinthecurriculumandmethodologythatbreaksdowninstitutionalracism,eradicatesstereotypes,etc.
Celebrateallofourcultures Shareourstories,knowledges,etc. Helpyour1)Self,2)Family,3)Communityand4)Nation
Thosewhowillhelpout
Usethe“Sequoia”analogywhereeachpartofthetreerepresentsaNationtakingonaparticularresponsibilitythatiscommensuratewithitsfunctionwithinthetree.
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
31
WHATSHOULDALONG‐TERM,SUSTAINABLEPUBLICPOLICYLOOKLIKE? lookatNunavut,theychoseaforeignmodelandlookattheproblems Haudenosauneeinspired/influencedtheUSsystem howdowemakemultipleforumsofgovernmentworktogether? elevatepeopletothesamelevel wayofworkbecomesnaturalwayofworkingtogether.It’sawayofbeing. engagement:thegapbetweenpeopleandtheimpactofpublicpolicy.Weneedtoencourageitatalllevels.
wholistic;outcomeoriented processneedstobeinclusiveandrespectfulandyoubuildonthat Prophecies–howdothesesurface?Howwillweknow?InternationalindigenousconferenceMay2011
Developrelationshipwithtraditionalandspiritualleaders justlisten goodwill,listen,share,growandmovetogether.Continuallyeducate,showgoodwill. inclusiveapproach/path Includepeoplewhohavedifferentviews(i.e.anti‐reconciliation)–maybenot,goforthelowhangingfruit.
increaseawarenessofCanadiansaboutreconciliation Weneedthemedia Tell3people
ARETHERETRADITIONALAPPROACHESTODISPUTERESOLUTIONTHATCANGUIDETHERECONCILIATIONPROCESS
GovernmentsneedtodemonstratetoAboriginalcommunitieswillingnesstorepairwhatisbroken
Processneedstobetransparent looktojusticecirclesasasuccessfulmodel needtorespecttraditionalculture needforcommitment(notflybynightapproach) startatahumanlevel‐buildrelationships admissionofpastwrongs/failuretohonourtreatiesisneeded,wouldstartprocesstobuildtrust
Thosewhowillhelpout
nationalconferencetobringculturalandspiritualleaderstogether needforcouragetoconfrontaningrainedattitude
ANYONEWITHABORIGINALKNOWLEDGEABOUTLEGALFRAMEWORKS? Notaproduct,notaprojectordocument,itisaprocess KeyfiguresneedtobeengagedfrombothsidesCanadianandFirstNations Needfullspectrum–fromyouthandElders Hastobecommunitydriven
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
32
RECONCILINGTHROUGHCUSTOMARYLAWANDTHEANISHINABEWELCOMEANDSHARINGWAMPUMBELT
Wemusttalkcross‐culturallyandinter‐generationallyaboutoursharedfuture.WeshouldbuildthenationalindigenousCentreonVictoriaIslandintheOttawariver.
Wemustsharetheresponsibilityofchangingoursystemsofenvironmentalprotectionsystemsofgovernancelaws,economies,culturalexpressionandsocialsupporttoreflectourdiverseneedsandrights.
Weneedsubstantialresources.Howabout50%ofthecurrentnationaldefencebudget. Immediatelywemustbegin.
HOWDOWEENCOURAGE“MODERN”EDUCATIONWHENITSEPARATES,DENIES,RIDICULESTHESPIRITUALCONNECTION?
environmentalissues‐ecologicalmovementmayprovideawaytodealwithscienceandAboriginalvalues‐context
NewZealandagreedtoprovidefundingfor500MaoriPhDs…Thisformsthebasis(seed)forastrongeducationalbaseinthecommunity‐couldCanadadosomethingsimilar?
Generally‐TheTorontoSchoolBoard(andpossiblyothers)areawareoftheissuesandworkingtoresolvethemoratleastdealwiththem
CEREMONYINEVERYDAYLIFE ‐Ibumpedintospirits... good+badineachsideofgrandfatherteachings ceremonieswentunderground,butweknewthatwascoming ceremoniesarewatching
HOWTOGETGOVERNMENTTOMOVEWHENTHEREISN'TPOLITICALWILLINGNESS women'sforums‐createsafespacesforwomenandchildren Aboriginalparty=maybearealitythatwouldhavetobeconsidered movementsuccessful‐grassroots numbersmeansomething
WHATISTHEROLEOFTHEUNIVERSITY(OFTORONTOINADVANCINGRECONCILIATION? Communityoutreach Disseminationofknowledgetopeople Systematicchangetoaccommodatedifferentkindsofwork(e.g.workincommunities)andrecognizealternatewaysofknowing
Formpartnershipswithoutsidegroupswhocanofferadviceandassessalternatemethodsofaccreditationadoptedbytheuniversity
WHATCOULDTHEROLEBEFORTHECHURCHINRECONCILIATION? reconcilethroughTRCprocessandopportunities keyroleinacknowledgingrolewithschoolstoleadtohealing yeschurchcanbeapartofreconciliationbymovingforwardintotwentyfirstcenturyrelationships
beeducatedaboutresidentialschoolsandoveralldoctrineddiscovery usechurchconnectiontobringpeopletogether
usechurchjusticenetworks selfdetermination–moveforward
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
33
Thosewhowillhelpout
churchmembers–nativeandnonnative KAIROS(ecumenicaljusticegroup) NancyHurn,AnglicanChurchofCanada
WHATROLECANHUMANRIGHTSCOMMISSIONSPLAYINACHIEVINGRECONCILIATION? ClearneedtoeducateAboriginalPeoplesreOHRC:whatitdoes–relevance?HRTssystemre3Pillars
‐stillperceptionthatwedealwithindividualcomplaints Believeengagingwithcommunities,shouldtryandsortoutjurisdictionalissueifcansocangivesenseofwhatcando:alsorecognitionofsomanyprotocolstobeawareof
‐recognizethoughthatsomematterswillhavetobedeterminedoncase‐by‐casebasis Suggestionthatthoseseekingtofileacomplaintbeabletobringonelderorothersupportpersonwiththem.
ITISIMPORTANTTOEDUCATEOURFIRSTNATIONSMEMBERSANDOURYOUTHTOTELLOURCOMMUNITYOUROWNSTORYABOUTOURCOMMUNITYHISTORYANDOURHEROS.1)MANDATORYTREATYEDUCATION&ABORIGINALRIGHTSEDUCATIONONANDOFFRESERVEAND2)CULTURALTEACHINGONANDOFFRESERVE.COMBINEDTOEDUCATION–EARLYYEARS–12
lobbygovernmentsforchange(FirstNations,Provincial,Federal) graduationistherulenottheexception educationasahumanright–levelsoffunding humanrightsorBillofRightsandResponsibilitiesforstudents discussionbetweenFirstnationeducatorsandcounsellors
WHATKINDOFTOOLSCANFIRSTNATIONSBRINGFORWARDTOENGAGEATTHATSTRATEGICNATION‐TO‐NATIONLEVEL?
thinkshortterm:prioritydiscussions greatearthlaw:Treaty3(regulatoryregive) ‐butyoudon'tgetaroundlegalenforceability ‐thecourtshavestartedtofeelaroundjurisdiction ‐diesitextendoff‐reserve?
equalizationpayments? ‐Createanentitythatcanbeaccountable
self‐governmentagreementstheymustbecustom,totheFirstNationsHowdoyouensuremandatesdon'tchange?
Ontariodoesn'thaveamandatetonegotiateselfgovernment Thechallenge:thelandisusedup multiplejurisdiction..wearegoodatit!(Arethereotherexamplesinlaw?whatmultiple waysarethere...wehaveskills. engagementatbroadsense ‐noteverybodywantsself‐government
whatwouldreallychange? ‐Ontariowouldstillfund
Whatistheview,thewholebasketofself‐governmentlooklike?
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
34
Ifthepublicdoesn'twantit,thereisnodrive. HowdowebenefitfromallofwhatOntariohastooffer
IFITISTRUETHATRECONCILIATIONBEGINSWITHYOURSELF,WHATDOWENEEDTODOATHOMESOTHATOURCOMMUNITIESROLEMODELRECONCILE?
changethechildren’sthinking,changethefamily cultureisthegrounding ifyoudon’tactoutthechanges,howcanyouexpectchange needtoknowthehistoryofCanada—educatenon‐nativessotheycanberespectful womenresponsibleforbringingcultureforward‐engagedincommunitydevelopment weneedtoteachourselves,ourfamiliesrespect‐gainforculture
RECONCILIATIONNOTONLYTOUCHESONRELATIONSBETWEENABORIGINALPEOPLESANDNON‐ABORIGINALBUTRECONCILIATIONBETWEENSURVIVORS,THEIRFAMILIESANDCOMMUNITIES.
havepeopleavailabletoyou,knowtheyarethere don’tdoitforme allowyouththeopportunitytoexploreandfindtheirway teachingsonavarietyofthingsincludingsurvival createmoreopennessandinclusiveness inspireusasyoungpeoplesowearebetter ceremony,feasting,storytelling addressthefactthatourfamiliesarehurting
COMMUNITY‐BASEDALLIANCEBUILDING reconciliationoftenhappensoutsideformalgovernmentstructures ceremoniesandprotocolsareimportantforcreatingagoodprocess
HOWDOWECREATEASOCIALMOVEMENTFORRECONCILIATION? Flashmobs,emails,facebook,traditionalandnon‐traditionalways Createanunderstandingfirstlike"EqualityEves"forthewomen'smovement,whichhadplacematswithalltheissuesonthem
ImportantCommemorations(i.e.theTreatyofNiagara):it'sthe250thAnniversaryoftheTreatyin2014
Allthe"PioneerVillage+Forts"alltheysetthereisthesettlerperspective Satireistheperfectvehicle.Usingthemediaandtheatre. UseFamilyDayinOntarioasadayofReconciliation.Imageofchildrenlinkingarms Weneedacatalyst Mythbusting,truth‐tellingcampaign Let'sgetitontothemedia PushtounderstandingofTreaties Rallyaroundpeople Bringrespectfulaboutculturalappropriation Exercisecareifjoiningoneorganizationtoanother What'sinitforme? Makesureweunderstandthepartasitreallyhappened FriendsandNeighboursinthetustsensefothewords
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
35
Weallwanttobelong Let'shave10millionpeopleshowinguptocelebrateAboriginalDay(registerontheweb,inpublicplaces)
AlkaSelzer(theApology)inWater(thecountry) onreserveandoffreservehavetostarttalkingtoeachother RossManson'stheatrepieces,greatartisticleaders abenefitconcertwithmusicianswhoareintoreconciliationalaLiveAid,FarmAidetc.bringingAboriginalandnon‐Aboriginalmusicianstogatheranetworkofpublicfigures/speakersbureautotalkabout"R"
WHATISTHEROLEOFSOCIALMEDIAANDONEMEDIAINRECONCILIATION? morewatchdog–createtheequivalentoftheJewishDefenseLeague vigilance monitorcommentsection makeiteasier! “message” reachingouttonewcomers makesureaboriginalvoicesareheard
YOUTHASVEHICLESOFRECONCILIATION–LOCAL/REGIONAL/NATIONAL thateveryonebringatleastoneyouthtofuturegatherings creatingtruthandreconciliationyouthforums createopportunitiestoworkontheland developingcommunityvisionfor20–30years videosforyouth=Shannon’sDreams,ShieldedMinds youthsports–moreinteractionbetweenFirstNationandnon‐native Investinyoung‐socialconsciousness;thisiswherereconciliationcanhappen Passonwhatyouknow Reintroduceculturalactivitiesie.Sweats,PowWows Moregatheringslocally,regionallyandnationally Rolemodelsneeds Mentoringprogramtobeestablished Re‐establishingritesofpassageprocesses
Thosewhowillhelpout
CynthiawillcheckwithT&Rforum Pawa–[email protected] [email protected]‐worktowardsestablishingaAkwesasneYouthGroup
HOWDOWEGETOURYOUTHINVOLVED?RESIDENTIALSCHOOLISSUE?LEARNABOUTOURHISTORY
GetyouthinvolvedtogetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingNon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds
Nativelanguageprogramsinschools
HOWDOWEINCLUDEYOUTHINRECONCILIATIONINOURCOMMUNITIES? Youthcouncil‐thejudicialsystemandthesechildrenbysufferedthesemeaslycrimesCPIC
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
36
creatingpoliciesthatwillcreatearoundcriminalrecordsthatwillallowforvolunteers giveaccesstoyouthtotheirculture,heritageandlanguageandengagethem;presentthemforreconciliation
teachthemtheprocessofleadershipandhowtobecomeincorporated mentorship:mentortheyouthsotheycanbeleaders thecommunitieswilldothis,theywillinvolvethemateverystepofthewayanditwillstartnow
HOWDOWEGETOURYOUTHINVOLVED?RESIDENTIALSCHOOLISSUE?LEARNABOUTOURHISTORY
GetyouthinvolvedtogetNativeyouthinvolvedinhelpingNon‐Nativeyouthtoopentheirminds
Nativelanguageprogramsinschools
HOWTOMAKEABUSINESSCASEFORRECONCILIATIONINCLUDINGEG.TOSHAREHOLDERS.DOESBIGBUSINESS/INDUSTRYTRUMPTREATYRIGHTS?WHYISDEVELOPMENTBEINGALLOWEDTOHAPPENWHENTHEFIRSTNATIONSPEOPLELIVINGTHERETOHAVERIGHTS‐BASEDDISCUSSIONS
reconciliationispartofthepackagetoagoodbottomline viewconsultationasopposedtoDTCasanopportunity askcommunitieshowtheywanttobeengagedandwhattheirissuesare shareresources=reconciliation istherearolebusinesscanplayinhealthycommunities roleofcorporatecitizenshipandreconciliatione.g.TDandgreenproject,Bellandmentalhealth
scholarships needmoregoodbusinessrolemodels morebusinessandaboriginalyouthinternships comparativeinfoaboutinotherjurisdictionsandcountries certaintyisconditionprecedenttoinvestment businesstobusinessrelationshipswithoutthepolitics businessrelationshipsmustbevoluntary FNmustalsoarticulatetheirbottomline. allpartiesmustbeconsistentandknowwhattheywant FNmusthavegoodgovernance relationshipthatismeaningful&sustainable goodrelationshipprinciples:transparent,predictable,sustainable,equalvoice
ISTHEREAWILLINGNESSBYCANADA,ONTARIO(ITSCITIZENS&INSTITUTIONS),INDUSTRYANDFIRSTNATIONS(ITSCITIZENS&INSTITUTIONS)TORECONCILE?ARETHEREBRIDGESTOCLOSETHATGAP?WHATARETHEHINDRANCES?
RoleofTreatiesinresourcedevelopment HowFirstNationcangetafairshareofresourcebenefitsandconvincebusinessthatFirstNationsarenotathreattobusiness
Howtomitigateadverseenvironmentalimpact?Compensation? Roleofdistance(remoteness)inreconciliation Youngpeople‐educationdeficit‐lackofjobs‐social/economicdeficit
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
37
Roleofculture,traditionallifewayinreconciliation Howtorepairabrokentrusteg.TreatyComm’rinTreaty9 Roleofhistoryinreconciliation ReconcilingTreatyinterpretations
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
38
ResourcesfromtheNationalCentreforFirstNationsGovernance
CROWNCONSULTATIONANDPRACTICESACROSSCANADAMariaMorellato,MandellPinder
WhilesignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinsomejurisdictionsinCanada,therecontinuestobeamarkeddiscrepancybetweenwhatisrequiredoftheCrownatlawandhowtheCrown’sdutytoconsultandaccommodateisactuallybeingexercised.ThisdiscrepancybecomesparticularlyapparentuponareviewandanalysisofthevariousCrownconsultationandaccommodationpoliciesdevelopedtodateinCanada.
fngovernance.org/publications
THECROWN'SCONSTITUTIONALDUTYTOCONSULTANDACCOMMODATEABORIGINALANDTREATYRIGHTSMariaMorellato,MandellPinder
TheCrown’sdutytoconsultandaccommodateAboriginalandtreatyrightsisafundamentalmatterofsocialjusticethatinvokesverysolemnlegalobligations.AttheheartoftheCrown’slegalresponsibilitytoconsultandaccommodateaboriginalandtreatyrightsarechoicesmadeeverydaybyCrownleadersandofficialswhichveryseriouslyimpactnotonlyfundamentalconstitutionalrightsbut,also,theveryhealthandwellbeingofhundredsofthousandsofwomen,menandchildrenlivinginCanada.
fngovernance.org/research
THEJURISDICTIONOFINHERENTRIGHTABORIGINALGOVERNMENTSKentMcNeil,OsgoodeLawSchoolAboriginalgovernmentshavetheauthorityunderexistingCanadianlawtoexercisejurisdiction.TheessentialpointisthatAboriginalgovernmentscanbecomeengagedonagovernment‐to‐governmentbasisimmediately.TheyhavetheauthoritytodosounderexistingCanadianlawanddonothavetoseekpermissiontoexercisetheirjurisdictionfromthefederalgovernment,provincialgovernments,orCanadiancourts.
fngovernance.org/research
SEVENGENERATIONS,SEVENTEACHINGS–ENDINGTHEINDIANACTProfessorJohnBorrows,UniversityofVictoria
SixgenerationshavepassedsincetheIndianActwasintroducedandtheseventhgeneration,nowrising,willbehealthierandourcommunitieswillenjoymorefreedomifweassistthemingettingridoftheIndianAct.FollowinghisownAnishnabeteachingsoftheSevenGrandfathers,JohnBorrowsdemonstrateshowthesesevenprinciplescanguideactiontowardslesseningthisholdoftheIndianActonFirstNations.
fngovernance.org/research
OURINHERENTRIGHTOFSELF‐GOVERNANCE:ATIMELINEUsethistimelinetoexplorethehistoryofourrighttoself‐governance,arightrootedinouroccupationandjurisdictionoverthelandbeforecontact.
fngovernance.org/timeline
SYMPOSIUMONRECONCILIATIONINONTARIO|OPPORTUNITIESANDNEXTSTEPS
39
NATIONREBUILDINGWORKSHOPSCommunityWorkshops:FirstNationLeadershipEssentials|CitizenEngagementandCommunityApproval|CommunityVisioning&StrategicPlanning|TerritorialRights|CitizenshipLaw|Culture,Tradition&EffectiveGovernance|IntroductiontoConstitutions|Law&PolicyDevelopment
fngovernance.org/services
FIVEPILLARSOFEFFECTIVEGOVERNANCETheCentremodelseffectiveFirstNationsgovernanceonfiveimportantpillars:ThePeople|TheLand|LawsandJurisdiction|Institutions|Resources.ThesefivepillarsofeffectivegovernanceblendthetraditionalvaluesofFirstNationswiththemodernrealitiesofself‐governance.
fngovernance.org/pillars
GOVERNANCETOOLKITExplorethisonlinetoolwith24examplesofbestpracticesinFirstNationsgovernance.Includesover100resourcedocumentsforimplementingeffective,independentgovernance.
fngovernance.org/toolkit
MAKINGFIRSTNATIONLAW:THELISTUGUJMI’GMAQFISHERYOnMay19,1993,theListugujMi’gmaqFirstNationGovernmenttookoverthemanagementofthesalmonfisheryintheRestigoucheRiverwhereitflowsbetweentheprovincesofNewBrunswickandQuebec–waterstheListugujMi’gmaqpeoplehadfishedformanygenerations.Theydidso,notunderacontractwithprovincialorfederalauthorities–theprovinceofQuebecinfactopposedthem.Nordidtheydoitbyaskingpermissionorreceivingarequestfromsomeothergovernment–theyaskednopermissionandreceivednosuchrequests.Nordidtheydoitbyforce–althoughtheiractionswereshapedinpartbyviolence.Theydiditbypassing,implementing,andenforcingalaw.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJNAbGXk9cU
NCFNGYOUTUBECHANNELStoriesaboutsuccessfulFirstNationsandtalksfromexpertsinFirstNationsgovernance.
www.youtube.com/user/fngovernance