Re-engagement: Achieving a Higher Level of Integration through Façade Design

JamesDoerfler,AIA

Collaboration vs.

Silos

Integrated Building Envelopes

Integrated Building Envelopes

College of Architecture and Environmental Design

Architecture Architectural Engineering

Landscape Architecture

City and Regional Planning

Construction Management

College of Architecture and Environmental Design

CAED(now)

College of Architecture and Environmental Design

CAED(future)

BASIS OF NEED

If the envisioned condition is a new A&AA that can exploit the synergy found between deep knowledge, meaningful innovative research, and creative practice, then we need a new model & a new design strategy for defining spaces & relationships.

DESIGN STRATEGY

Integrated Building Envelopes

Model for Integration: What does the future bring?

How can systems be used in the 21st century?

•  Can they be applied across a broad range of projects? Rather than a one-off?

•  How can architects be involved in building systems innovation?

•  How can architects stay relevant professionals in the process? More than just designers? Be part of an integrated project team.

Integrated Building Envelopes

Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture

Integrated Building Envelopes

Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture

Integrated Building Envelopes

Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture

Integrated Building Envelopes

Integrated Building Envelopes Warren Weaver’s Three Stages of Modern Science, from Science and Complexity, 1948

Integrated Building Envelopes fromLima,VisualComplexity

Integrated Building Envelopes

Clusters Synthe9corAtomizednodes

fromLima,VisualComplexity

Integrated Building Envelopes

The Class: Integrated Building Envelopes

JamesDoerfler,AIAandKevinDong,PE

Inspira9on

Integrated Building Envelopes

• Howdoyouteachbestprac9cewithaintegratedframeworkinasingledisciplinarycurriculum?

• Awaytolinkstructuresandarchitecture

• AECintegra9on

• Exploredesignissuesnotpossibleincorecurriculum

• U9lizingtheinstructorsextensiveindustryexperience

LearningOutcomesandGoals

Integrated Building Envelopes

• Developanunderstandingofinterdisciplinaryteams

• Developcommunica9onandnego9a9onskills

• Understandtheprocessofdesignandconstruc9onsequencing

• Understandtherela9onshipoftheskintothebuildingframeandperformanceissues

• Provideprojectsthatemulaterealworldsitua9ons

• Createawareness,thenunderstandingoffaçadesystems

3Releases

Version1:Analog(unstructured)year1

Version2:Digital(specifictool:Revit)years2‐5

Version3:Synthesis(performancebased)years6‐7

Integrated Building Envelopes

Classstructure• Lecturesandroundtables

• BIMTrainingSessions

• Project1:ShopfrontDesign

• Project2:CaseStudyEnvelopeAnalysis

• Project3:EnvelopeDesign

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 1: Shopfront

Project 1: Shopfront Design

Propose a design for an breezeway area being renovated on campus

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 1: Curtain Wall Mock-up

Revit model

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 2: Case Study

Integrated Building Envelopes

“…in9mateinterac9onisessen9altotherealiza9onofasuccessfulnaturallyven9latedbuilding,aseachdiscipline’sdesignproposalshaveanimpactonalltheotherdisciplinesinacascadingfashion“–ErinMcConahey,OveArup.

AGGRESSIVEGOALSREQUIREATRUETEAM

Integrated Building Envelopes

NaturalVen>la>on

Southeast Façade

Northwest Façade

•  As the southeast façade is heated by the sun, the warm air in the interstitial space rises and draws cool air from the shaded northwest façade, aided by the northwesterly winds

•  The low vents on the north side, with the high vents on the north side, create a stack effect

Integrated Building Envelopes

3dCutaway–NorthFacade

Integrated Building Envelopes

3dCutaway–SouthFacade

Integrated Building Envelopes

TheFaçadeatWork

Integrated Building Envelopes

EnergyUsage

Integrated Building Envelopes

IPDSchemavsDesignAssist

AgencyOwner

ArchitectEngineers

GCSubs

Predesign Schematic Design

Design Developmen

t

Construction

Documents

Agency Permit / Bidding

Construction

Closeout WHO

REALIZE HOW

WHAT

WHAT WHO

HOW

AgencyOwnerArchitect

EngineersGC

Subs

Conceptual-ization

Criteria Design

Detailed Design

Implementation Documents

Agency Coord / Final Buyout

Construction

Closeout

REALIZE

Integrated

Design-assist

Integrated Building Envelopes

Construc>onissues•  Two contractors: Permasteelisa + Curtain wall Systems USA •  Steel congestions was not part of the original intent

Integrated Building Envelopes

•  Structurethattrulyreflectsthenaturalven9la9onprogram,theneedforcavityfloorsforchases,services,data,andfuturebuildingmodifica9ons.

•  Upstandbeams,anunusualstructuralsolu9on,slabshungfrombeams

•  Allowsairflowacrosstheboeomofthecoolingthermalmass

•  SlabswithintegratedsensorsaspartoftheB.A.S.system

•  CastinPlaceHalfenChannelanchorsfortruly4wayadjustment

•  Thickconcretecolumns&specialwavedslabsforthermalmass

TrueStructuralIntegra>on

UpstandBeamDownstand

Beam

UnrestrictedAirflow

RestrictedAirflow

Services

ThermalMass

IsolatedThermalMass

Integrated Building Envelopes

ConcreteCoresWithSlabBeams

NearlyIden>calFaçadeStructure

WavedSlab&UpstandBeam LargeConcreteColumns

Integrated Building Envelopes

HalfenChannel–T‐BoltSystem•  HalfenChannelallowsfor

precisionconnec9onsfromthemainslabedgetothegravity/lateralconnec9onsystems.

•  ChannelwithT/boltallowsforhorizontalmovementwhilever9calslotscombineforfourwaymovement.

•  Curtainwallsystemstopandboeomaeachedwithsamesystem,formaximumadjustment

•  Smallgapsbetweentheglasscurtainwallsystemrequireprecisioninstalla9on

VisibleChannel

Edge

SolidConcrete

Embedment

Integrated Building Envelopes

SuspendedFacadeFromTheEdgeOfSlab

TensionForcesCompressionForces

BendingForces

•  Wavedslabshangfromtheupstandbeams

•  Halfenchannelanchorsconnectthetensionrodstothewalkwaysupports.

•  ExteriorfaçadeprovidesweighttopreventupwardbucklingofthetensionrodsinanE.Q.

•  Upstandbeamsconnecttoperimeterconcretecolumns

Integrated Building Envelopes

SuspendedFacadeFromTheEdgeOfSlab

Resul>ngLateralForces

•  Windpressurecreatesoutofplanebendingontheskinfaçade,whichistransferredtothesecondarystructure.

•  Thewalkwaysupportanglesactincompressionortension(suc9onorpressure)

•  Loadistransferredtotheslab,andgravityfromtheskinpreventstensionrodbucking

Out‐Of‐PlanallWallForces

Integrated Building Envelopes

Walkway/FaçadeFramingSupport

BoltedAdjustableTensionRods

GapBetweenAnglesFor

Connec>ons

L‐Angles

Integrated Building Envelopes

FinSideNearly‐Iden>calFramingScheme

Wind&EQForces

Torsion&LateralLoad

Integrated Building Envelopes

PerforatedExteriorMetalSkin

Secondary3x3StainlessSteel

Tube

AluminumSupportClips

Bolted&WeldedAngles

MetalScrim

Integrated Building Envelopes

TypicalAluminumClipToSupportBarToScrim

ALUMINUM

Integrated Building Envelopes

PerforatedExteriorMetalSkinAluminumSupportClips

Bolted&WeldedAngles

MetalScrimTubeSpacersw/Screws

AluminumGuideBarsForStructure

AluminumClips&Bars

VentMotorSupports

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 3: Envelope Design

Project 3: Envelope Design

Project

ProjectTeam4analogv.1

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 3: Envelope Design

Project

ProjectTeam4analogv.1

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 3: Envelope Design

Project

ProjectTeam4

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 3: Envelope Design

Project

ProjectTeam4

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project 3: Envelope Design

Project

ProjectTeam4

Integrated Building Envelopes

Project3:BuildingEnvelopesJohnVierraMikeBurke

MichaelVachonLeighGuggemos

Integrated Building Envelopes

Uni>zedGlazingSystem

•  Custom designed onewith operablevents,theotherfixed.

• Ensures durability (maximum servicelife)ofinstalla9on

• Doubleglazedsystem–higherR‐value

• Low‐etoreduceenergyloadsand

• Improvecomfortclosetowall.

• More reliable seals achievable fromfactory construc9on and the reducedcostof labor in the factoryversus thatoffieldlabor.

ArchitectureBenefits

Integrated Building Envelopes

Uni>zedGlazingSystem

• Schedulepriortothereleaseofshopdrawingsforwindowproduc9on,sothatthereisanopportunitytomakedesignchangesbasedonthetestperformanceofthefieldmock‐up

• Alertest,unitsarecompletelyassembledinafactoryandshippedtositeforinstalla9on.Unitsareplacedonthefloorsbundledincrates,usingatowercrane.

• Unitscanbebeassembled ina factorywhile thestructuralframe of the building is being construc9on. Where s9cksystems require mul9ple steps to erect and seal the wall,uni9zed walls arrive on the site completely assembledallowingthefloorstobeclosedinmorequickly.

• Requiremul9pletestwiththefirsttestonini9alinstalla9onsandlatertestsatapproximately35%,70%,andatfinalcompe99ontocatchproblemsearlyandtoverifycon9nuedworkmanshipquality.Requireaddi9onaltestedalersecondskingetsaeached.

Construc>onSequencing

Integrated Building Envelopes

Uni>zedGlazingSystemConstruc>onSequencing

Integrated Building Envelopes

Uni>zedGlazingSystemStructureInDetail

Interlockingmaleandfemaleprofilesprovidegoodresistancetoseismicmovements.

Integrated Building Envelopes

SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:VentedCavity

Integrated Building Envelopes

SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:StructureInDetail

Integrated Building Envelopes

SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:StructureInDetail

Integrated Building Envelopes

EastGreenFacade:Sustainability

100`2greenpanels=13foot‐hightree

Summeraircondi>oningreduced

BufferCityNoiseandVibra>on

NaturalHealingandRelaxingGreenery

HeatandUVRayProtec>on

Integrated Building Envelopes

EastGreenFacade:Construc>onSequencing

1‐ExteriorSupportArmsbyHand

2–Uni>zedGlazingSystembyCrane

3–HorizontalSteelBracing

4–GreenLouverbyCrane

Integrated Building Envelopes

CostEs>mate:CompleteConstruc>onCost

Integrated Building Envelopes

Integrated Building Envelopes

LessonsLearned+GroupDynamics

‐MoreConstruc>onManagementinvolvement

+Guestspeakers

‐Neededmoremechanicalengineerinvolvement

‐Reinforcesustainabilityissues

+/‐Providetrainingandamechanismforstrongercollabora>onandincreasingcommunica>onusingBIM

+Exposestudentstotheen>reprocessofanintegratedprojectfromschema>cstoinstalla>on

+/‐Usingdigitalinforma>onacrossdisciplinesincreasescommunica>on

Integrated Building Envelopes

OutcomesStudentfeedbackhasbeenposi>vefor7years

IncreaseddetailingknowledgeanddrawingevidencewasanissuewithBIMinterface

BIMstudentcomments:

• Trainingand>meissues

• Designandcrea>vity• Documenta>onandextrac>onofinforma>on

• Communica>on

Integrated Building Envelopes

InfluenceontheCurriculumThesuccessofthisclassspurredonotherinterdisciplinary

Ini>a>ves:

CollaboratoryDesignStudio–a2quarter(20week)interdisciplinarydesignstudioteam‐taught(Doerfler,Dong,Fowler,Cabrinha),NCARBPrizewinner

GraduateResearchStudio–grantsupportedrealworldinterdisciplinarydesignstudioformasterofsciencestudentsintwodisciplines

OtherdepartmentsintheCollegehavechangedtheircurriculumtorequireaninterdisciplinaryexperience.

Integrated Building Envelopes

ThankstoKevinDong,MikeMontoya,andmanyguestlecturersandreviewers