Re-engagement: Achieving a Higher Level of Integration through Facade Design

Re-engagement: Achieving a Higher Level of Integration through Façade Design

JamesDoerfler,AIA

Collaboration vs.

Silos

Integrated Building Envelopes

College of Architecture and Environmental Design

Architecture Architectural Engineering

Landscape Architecture

City and Regional Planning

Construction Management


CAED(now)


CAED(future)

BASIS OF NEED

If the envisioned condition is a new A&AA that can exploit the synergy found between deep knowledge, meaningful innovative research, and creative practice, then we need a new model & a new design strategy for defining spaces & relationships.

DESIGN STRATEGY


Model for Integration: What does the future bring?

How can systems be used in the 21st century?

•  Can they be applied across a broad range of projects? Rather than a one-off?

•  How can architects be involved in building systems innovation?

•  How can architects stay relevant professionals in the process? More than just designers? Be part of an integrated project team.


Kieran Timberlake, Model for the Future, from Refabricating Architecture

Integrated Building Envelopes Warren Weaver’s Three Stages of Modern Science, from Science and Complexity, 1948

Integrated Building Envelopes fromLima,VisualComplexity


Clusters Synthe9corAtomizednodes

fromLima,VisualComplexity


The Class: Integrated Building Envelopes

JamesDoerfler,AIAandKevinDong,PE

Inspira9on


• Howdoyouteachbestprac9cewithaintegratedframeworkinasingledisciplinarycurriculum?

• Awaytolinkstructuresandarchitecture

• AECintegra9on

• Exploredesignissuesnotpossibleincorecurriculum

• U9lizingtheinstructorsextensiveindustryexperience

LearningOutcomesandGoals


• Developanunderstandingofinterdisciplinaryteams

• Developcommunica9onandnego9a9onskills

• Understandtheprocessofdesignandconstruc9onsequencing

• Understandtherela9onshipoftheskintothebuildingframeandperformanceissues

• Provideprojectsthatemulaterealworldsitua9ons

• Createawareness,thenunderstandingoffaçadesystems

3Releases

Version1:Analog(unstructured)year1

Version2:Digital(specifictool:Revit)years2‐5

Version3:Synthesis(performancebased)years6‐7


Classstructure• Lecturesandroundtables

• BIMTrainingSessions

• Project1:ShopfrontDesign

• Project2:CaseStudyEnvelopeAnalysis

• Project3:EnvelopeDesign


Project 1: Shopfront

Project 1: Shopfront Design

Propose a design for an breezeway area being renovated on campus


Project 1: Curtain Wall Mock-up

Revit model


Project 2: Case Study

“…in9mateinterac9onisessen9altotherealiza9onofasuccessfulnaturallyven9latedbuilding,aseachdiscipline’sdesignproposalshaveanimpactonalltheotherdisciplinesinacascadingfashion“–ErinMcConahey,OveArup.

AGGRESSIVEGOALSREQUIREATRUETEAM


NaturalVen>la>on

Southeast Façade

Northwest Façade

•  As the southeast façade is heated by the sun, the warm air in the interstitial space rises and draws cool air from the shaded northwest façade, aided by the northwesterly winds

•  The low vents on the north side, with the high vents on the north side, create a stack effect


3dCutaway–NorthFacade


3dCutaway–SouthFacade


TheFaçadeatWork


EnergyUsage


IPDSchemavsDesignAssist

AgencyOwner

ArchitectEngineers

GCSubs

Predesign Schematic Design

Design Developmen

t

Construction

Documents

Agency Permit / Bidding

Construction

Closeout WHO

REALIZE HOW

WHAT

WHAT WHO

HOW

AgencyOwnerArchitect

EngineersGC

Subs

Conceptual-ization

Criteria Design

Detailed Design

Implementation Documents

Agency Coord / Final Buyout

Construction

Closeout

REALIZE

Integrated

Design-assist


Construc>onissues•  Two contractors: Permasteelisa + Curtain wall Systems USA •  Steel congestions was not part of the original intent


•  Structurethattrulyreflectsthenaturalven9la9onprogram,theneedforcavityfloorsforchases,services,data,andfuturebuildingmodifica9ons.

•  Upstandbeams,anunusualstructuralsolu9on,slabshungfrombeams

•  Allowsairflowacrosstheboeomofthecoolingthermalmass

•  SlabswithintegratedsensorsaspartoftheB.A.S.system

•  CastinPlaceHalfenChannelanchorsfortruly4wayadjustment

•  Thickconcretecolumns&specialwavedslabsforthermalmass

TrueStructuralIntegra>on

UpstandBeamDownstand

Beam

UnrestrictedAirflow

RestrictedAirflow

Services

ThermalMass

IsolatedThermalMass


ConcreteCoresWithSlabBeams

NearlyIden>calFaçadeStructure

WavedSlab&UpstandBeam LargeConcreteColumns


HalfenChannel–T‐BoltSystem•  HalfenChannelallowsfor

precisionconnec9onsfromthemainslabedgetothegravity/lateralconnec9onsystems.

•  ChannelwithT/boltallowsforhorizontalmovementwhilever9calslotscombineforfourwaymovement.

•  Curtainwallsystemstopandboeomaeachedwithsamesystem,formaximumadjustment

•  Smallgapsbetweentheglasscurtainwallsystemrequireprecisioninstalla9on

VisibleChannel

Edge

SolidConcrete

Embedment


SuspendedFacadeFromTheEdgeOfSlab

TensionForcesCompressionForces

BendingForces

•  Wavedslabshangfromtheupstandbeams

•  Halfenchannelanchorsconnectthetensionrodstothewalkwaysupports.

•  ExteriorfaçadeprovidesweighttopreventupwardbucklingofthetensionrodsinanE.Q.

•  Upstandbeamsconnecttoperimeterconcretecolumns


SuspendedFacadeFromTheEdgeOfSlab

Resul>ngLateralForces

•  Windpressurecreatesoutofplanebendingontheskinfaçade,whichistransferredtothesecondarystructure.

•  Thewalkwaysupportanglesactincompressionortension(suc9onorpressure)

•  Loadistransferredtotheslab,andgravityfromtheskinpreventstensionrodbucking

Out‐Of‐PlanallWallForces


Walkway/FaçadeFramingSupport

BoltedAdjustableTensionRods

GapBetweenAnglesFor

Connec>ons

L‐Angles


FinSideNearly‐Iden>calFramingScheme

Wind&EQForces

Torsion&LateralLoad


PerforatedExteriorMetalSkin

Secondary3x3StainlessSteel

Tube

AluminumSupportClips

Bolted&WeldedAngles

MetalScrim


TypicalAluminumClipToSupportBarToScrim

ALUMINUM


PerforatedExteriorMetalSkinAluminumSupportClips

Bolted&WeldedAngles

MetalScrimTubeSpacersw/Screws

AluminumGuideBarsForStructure

AluminumClips&Bars

VentMotorSupports


Project 3: Envelope Design


Project

ProjectTeam4analogv.1



Project

ProjectTeam4


Project3:BuildingEnvelopesJohnVierraMikeBurke

MichaelVachonLeighGuggemos


Uni>zedGlazingSystem

•  Custom designed onewith operablevents,theotherfixed.

• Ensures durability (maximum servicelife)ofinstalla9on

• Doubleglazedsystem–higherR‐value

• Low‐etoreduceenergyloadsand

• Improvecomfortclosetowall.

• More reliable seals achievable fromfactory construc9on and the reducedcostof labor in the factoryversus thatoffieldlabor.

ArchitectureBenefits


Uni>zedGlazingSystem

• Schedulepriortothereleaseofshopdrawingsforwindowproduc9on,sothatthereisanopportunitytomakedesignchangesbasedonthetestperformanceofthefieldmock‐up

• Alertest,unitsarecompletelyassembledinafactoryandshippedtositeforinstalla9on.Unitsareplacedonthefloorsbundledincrates,usingatowercrane.

• Unitscanbebeassembled ina factorywhile thestructuralframe of the building is being construc9on. Where s9cksystems require mul9ple steps to erect and seal the wall,uni9zed walls arrive on the site completely assembledallowingthefloorstobeclosedinmorequickly.

• Requiremul9pletestwiththefirsttestonini9alinstalla9onsandlatertestsatapproximately35%,70%,andatfinalcompe99ontocatchproblemsearlyandtoverifycon9nuedworkmanshipquality.Requireaddi9onaltestedalersecondskingetsaeached.

Construc>onSequencing


Uni>zedGlazingSystemConstruc>onSequencing


Uni>zedGlazingSystemStructureInDetail

Interlockingmaleandfemaleprofilesprovidegoodresistancetoseismicmovements.


SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:VentedCavity


SouthDoubleSkinnedFaçade:StructureInDetail


EastGreenFacade:Sustainability

100`2greenpanels=13foot‐hightree

Summeraircondi>oningreduced

BufferCityNoiseandVibra>on

NaturalHealingandRelaxingGreenery

HeatandUVRayProtec>on


EastGreenFacade:Construc>onSequencing

1‐ExteriorSupportArmsbyHand

2–Uni>zedGlazingSystembyCrane

3–HorizontalSteelBracing

4–GreenLouverbyCrane


CostEs>mate:CompleteConstruc>onCost


LessonsLearned+GroupDynamics

‐MoreConstruc>onManagementinvolvement

+Guestspeakers

‐Neededmoremechanicalengineerinvolvement

‐Reinforcesustainabilityissues

+/‐Providetrainingandamechanismforstrongercollabora>onandincreasingcommunica>onusingBIM

+Exposestudentstotheen>reprocessofanintegratedprojectfromschema>cstoinstalla>on

+/‐Usingdigitalinforma>onacrossdisciplinesincreasescommunica>on


OutcomesStudentfeedbackhasbeenposi>vefor7years

IncreaseddetailingknowledgeanddrawingevidencewasanissuewithBIMinterface

BIMstudentcomments:

• Trainingand>meissues

• Designandcrea>vity• Documenta>onandextrac>onofinforma>on

• Communica>on


InfluenceontheCurriculumThesuccessofthisclassspurredonotherinterdisciplinary

Ini>a>ves:

CollaboratoryDesignStudio–a2quarter(20week)interdisciplinarydesignstudioteam‐taught(Doerfler,Dong,Fowler,Cabrinha),NCARBPrizewinner

GraduateResearchStudio–grantsupportedrealworldinterdisciplinarydesignstudioformasterofsciencestudentsintwodisciplines

OtherdepartmentsintheCollegehavechangedtheircurriculumtorequireaninterdisciplinaryexperience.


ThankstoKevinDong,MikeMontoya,andmanyguestlecturersandreviewers

Re-engagement: Achieving a Higher Level of Integration through Facade Design

Documents

Transcript of Re-engagement: Achieving a Higher Level of Integration through Facade Design