Post on 10-Mar-2021
Queen’s University NASTT Student Chapter – Report for 2015
No-Dig Student Publications:
Journal papers involving current and former student chapter members
Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Performance of deteriorated corrugated
steel culverts rehabilitated with sprayed-on cementitious liners subjected to
surface loads. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 47, 222-232.
Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Evaluation and application of the flexural
rigidity of a reinforced concrete pipe. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering
and Practice, 04015015.
Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Rotational characteristics of a gasketed
bell and spigot joint in a pressurized reinforced concrete pipeline. Journal of
Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 04015010.
Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Behaviour of bell and spigot joints in
buried reinforced concrete pipes, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 5,
pp. 609-625, doi: 10.1139/cgj-2013-0072.
Wang, Y. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Simplified design equations for rigid pipe joints
based on the 2-pipe approximation, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 52, No.
5, pp. 626-637, doi: 10.1139/cgj-2013-007.
MacDougall, K., Hoult, N. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Measured load capacity of buried
reinforced concrete pipes (s-2014-296), ACI Structural Journal.
Moore, I.D. and Becerril García, D. (2015). Ultimate Strength Testing of Two
Deteriorated Metal Culverts Rehabilitated With Spray-on Cementitious Liners ̧
Transportation Research Record, No.2522, pp 139-147, DOI 10.3141/2522-14.
Simpson, B., Moore, I.D. and Hoult, N.A. (2015). Distributed sensing of
circumferential strain using fiber optics during full-scale buried pipe experiments,
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 0415002.
Simpson, B., Moore, I.D. and Hoult, N.A. (2015). Experimental investigation of
rehabilitated steel culvert performance under static surface loading. Journal of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 0415076.
Smith, T., Hoult, N.A. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Role of grout strength and liners on
the performance of slip-lined pipes. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and
Practice, 04015007.
Wilson, D., Filion, Y.R. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Identifying factors that influence the
factor of safety and probability of failure of large-diameter, cast iron water mains
with a mechanistic stochastic model: a case study in the city of Hamilton.
Procedia Engineering, 119, 130-138.
Wilson, D., Filion, Y.R. and Moore, I.D. (2015). State of the art review of water pipe
failure prediction models and applicability to large diameter mains. Urban Water
Journal, 1-12.
Presentation to student group involving student chapter member
May 6th,
2015
Symposium for Systems Training and Education in Water Assets
Research and Development (STEWARD)
Theme B: Buried pipe infrastructure, design, assessment and repair
Haitao Lan
October
29th, 2015
Seminar for Systems Training and Education in Water Assets Research
and Development (STEWARD)
Measurement of earth pressure and effect of compaction
Haitao Lan
Buried pipe and trenchless seminars in the GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s – RMC
Activities
Haitao Lan, Jane Peter, Caleb Regier and Jacob Tetreault attended 2015 NASTT
No-Dig Conference in Denver, CO. Jane Peter (with Ashley Rammeloo) was
supported by the Mentorship Program of Systems Training and Education in
Water Assets Research and Development (STEWARD) on March 16-18th, 2015 .
Wed,
Aug
19
4:30 –
6 pm
David Chapman, Reader in Civil Engineering, Birmingham
University, England, “How can we assess deterioration of shallow
buried infrastructure? - The Assessing the Underworld project and
other research’
Wed,
Nov 4
4:30 -
6 pm
Michael O'Rourke, Professor of Civil Engineering, Structural
Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, "Analytical Fragility
Relations for Segmented Buried Pipe"
Haitao Lan, Jane Peter and Pengpeng Ni attended the STEWARD Symposium in
Kingston, ON on May5-6th, 2015.
Dr. John Gumbel from JG Pipeline Consultancy Ltd. gave a seminar
“Performance of buried pipe infrastructure” hosted by NASTT student chapter at
Queen’s University on April 23rd
, 2015.
Student Chapter Members
President Haitao Lan
Vice President Jane Peter
Member
Amir Hashemi
Wang Dong
Titilope-Oluwa Adebola
Neda Dadashzadeh
Jacob Tetreault
Pengpeng Ni
Van Thien Mai
Xiaogang Qin
Rui Yong
Graduation/Completion Caleb Regier
Eric Poon
Situations arise when buried oil and gas pipelines
are subjected to ground movements. These in-
clude deformations imposed by iceberg keels over
submarine pipelines off the coast of Newfound-
land, and for transmission pipelines passing
across slopes experiencing down-slope move-
ments. Work is underway to develop nonlinear
computer models to capture details of the soil-pipe
interaction, including passive and active soil
zones, and regions of localized failure (shear
bands). Research by Alex Burnett has provided
high quality experimental data for use in evaluat-
ing and calibrating those computer models.
Firstly, a new test chamber 5.5m long, 0.9m wide,
and 1.8m deep was defined within the West test
pit of the GeoEngineering Laboratory. The new
chamber was fitted with four windows, through
which pipe and soil deformations were moni-
tored. A series of experiments were then conduct-
ed where pipe segments were pulled horizontally
through the soil, examining the effect of different
pipe diameters, burial depths, and soil densities.
Tests provided detailed evidence of the lateral
forces that develop on the pipe, lateral and vertical
movements of the test pipes, and the soil re-
sponse monitored during the test using digital
photography. Post-test analysis was then used to
calculate soil velocities and strains.
Supervisors:
W. Andy Take, PhD, PEng
Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair in
Geotechnical Engineering
andy.take@queensu.ca tel: 613 533 3124
Ian D. Moore, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FEIC , FCSCE
Professor and Canada Research Chair in
Infrastructure Engineering
ian.moore@queensu.ca tel: 613 533 3160
Sponsors: The Wood Group, NSERC and CFI
I N V E S T I G A T I O N O F F U L L S C A L E H O R I Z O N T A L P I P E - S O I L
I N T E R A C T I O N A N D L A R G E S T R A I N B E H A V I O U R O F S A N D
D I G I T A L I M A G E C O R R E L A T I O N
Dr Andy Take and his graduate students have been at the
forefront of developing Digital Image Correlation tech-
niques for use in monitoring soil deformations, and calcu-
lating strains from those displacements. Recent improve-
ments to his GeoPIV software provide better treatment of
particle rotation and substantial reductions in noise asso-
ciated with displacement gradients (for strain estimates).
Alex used the latest software to analyze soil movements,
and to identify and interpret the different soil zones in
front of, above, and behind the moving pipe. Plots of shear
strain provide clear evidence of location and evolution of
shear bands
not previously
available.
A L E X B U R N E T T , M S C ( 2 0 1 5 )
R E S E A R C H S U M M A R Y
L A R G E S C A L E T E S T
F A C I L I T Y P R E P A R E D
W I T H W I N D O W S T O
O B S E R V E S A N D
M O V E M E N T S
A R O U N D P I P E D I S -
P L A C E D L A T E R A L L Y
T E X T U R E O F O L I -
V I N E T E S T S A N D
T R A C K E D U S I N G
D I G I T A L C A M E R A S
T E S T S O N 2 5 0 M M
A N D 6 0 0 M M O I L
P I P E L I N E S , A N D A T
D I F F E R E N T B U R I A L
D E P T H R A T I O S
I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F
F A I L U R E Z O N E S A N D
B A N D S O F L O C A L -
I Z E D S H E A R
F A U L U R E
D A T A B E I N G U S E D
B Y C O L L A B O R A T O R S
T O E V A L U A T E T H E I R
F I N I T E E L E M E N T
A N A L Y S E S
H I G H L I G H T S
Collaboration with Drs.
Kenny and Hawlader at
Carleton University and
the Memorial University
of Newfoundland
Collaborative Research
and Development project
with the Wood Group
(Aberdeen/Houston)
Soil deformation and
strain data of greatly
improved quality com-
pared to previous test
programs
GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s—RMC, Queen’s University
Ellis Hall, 58 University Avenue, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
613 533 3160 info@geoeng.ca
www.geoeng.ca
Andrea and her test culvert prior to backfilling in 2008.
Shear strain distributions (right) calculat-
ed from particle displacements (above)
View of moving pipeline through the window part-way
through a lateral pulling experiment showing the pipe,
and changes in the geometry of the ground surface.
Engineers managing the millions of deteriorated metal culverts
and storm sewers across North America need to establish ’How
much deterioration is too much deterioration’ so safe and eco-
nomic decisions can be made regarding their repair and replace-
ment. Caleb Regier’s MASc project involved burying circular and
elliptical steel culverts in the West pit of the GeoEngineering La-
boratory at Queen’s, and measuring their performance under
standard service loads and up to ultimate strength limits.
First, samples were instrumented using optical fibres, conven-
tional strain gages, linear potentiometers and targets for digital
image analysis, and performance during burial was monitored.
Using the lab’s servo-controlled testing system and steel loading
pads, service loads associated with the standard Ontario CL-625
design truck were applied to the ground surface. Finally, those
loads were increased until ultimate limit states were reached.
In all tests on corroded samples, the soil modulus did more to
influence the resulting deformations than the level of wall loss. The circular
and elliptical pipes experienced yield as a result of bending moments at the
crown and shoulders. As loads were then increased, local buckling devel-
oped in the steel strips adjacent to perforations at the haunches of the
corroded circular pipe samples. Some ultimate strengths fell short of the
code requirements, and the failure mechanisms were not those covered by
the existing design models used in the Canadian and US codes.
Supervisors:
Neil A. Hoult, PhD, PEng, Associate Professor
neil.hoult@queensu.ca tel: 613 533 3436
Ian D. Moore, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FEIC , FCSCE
Professor and Canada Research Chair in Infrastructure Engineering
ian.moore@queensu.ca tel: 613 533 3160
I N V E S T I G A T I O N O F T H E F A I L U R E M E C H A N I S M S O F
I N T A C T A N D D E T E R I O R A T E D C U L V E R T S
I M P R E S S E D C U R R E N T U S E D T O C O R R O D E P I P E S A M P L E S
Previous tests on corroded metal culverts have relied on pipes exhumed from the field which has limited
the nature and number of samples tested. Working in collaboration with Dr Allan Scott of the University of
Canterbury, New Zealand, impressed current procedures were developed to simulate decades of corrosion
in a few weeks. Pipes were immersed in a water bath filled up to the pipe haunches. Electrodes running
parallel to the haunches concentrated corrosion at that level. Water flow was used to move corrosion prod-
ucts into a collection sump.
First, zinc coating disappeared across the invert
and the steel then corroded, particularly at cor-
rugation valleys. Average levels of wall remain-
ing at the haunches ranged from 15 to 50% .
C A L E B R E G I E R , M A S C ( 2 0 1 5 )
R E S E A R C H S U M M A R Y
T H R E E C O R R O D E D
A N D O N E I N T A C T
S A M P L E O F C I R C U -
L A R P I P E T E S T E D I N
T H E G E O E N G I N E E R -
I N G L A B O R A T O R Y A T
Q U E E N ’ S
I M P R E S S E D C U R -
R E N T U S E D T O A C -
C E L E R A T E C O R R O -
S I O N I N C O R R U G A T -
E D S T E E L P I P E S A M -
P L E S
C I R C U L A R C U L V E R T
R E S P O N S E E X A M -
I N E D A T T W O B U R I A L
D E P T H S A N D U N D E R
S I N G L E A X L E L O A D
H A U N C H C O R R O S I O N
C H A N G E S S T R E N G T H
L I M I T S T A T E
S E R V I C E A N D
S T R E N G T H T E S T S
A L S O P E R F O R M E D
O N E L L I P T I C A L C U L -
V E R T , R E V E A L I N G
F L E X U R A L F A I L U R E
H I G H L I G H T S
Part of a Strategic
Research Project for
the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Re-
search Council
Helps establish ‘How
much deterioration is
too much deterioration’
Tests showed how some
capacities fell below
factored design loads,
and how failure modes
differed from the design
codes
GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s—RMC, Queen’s University
Ellis Hall, 58 University Avenue, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
613 533 3160 info@geoeng.ca
www.geoeng.ca
Caleb with one of his
circular pipe samples
End of pipe bath showing electrodes
Pipe sample with 45-47% of wall loss
Vitrified clay pipelines have historically been used for sanitary sew-
ers in many cities. Long term performance can be limited by soil erosion
resulting from joint leakage. However, no studies have previously been
performed to investigate joint response in pipelines subjected to differ-
ential ground movements. The MASc project involved assembly of a test
pipeline from four segments of 150mm diameter vitrified clay pipe. The
three joints were monitored using linear potentiometers mounted under
the crown, and adjacent to the two haunches, with movements ana-
lysed to infer joint rotations and extension or compression. Pipe seg-
ments were also fitted with accelerometers (slope indicators) so the
pipeline motion could be monitored as the tests were conducted.
Experiments were undertaken for the pipe at two different burial depths
within the olivine test sand. The measurements indicated that three of
the four pipe segments remained largely horizontal, so that almost all
of the differential ground motion was accommodated by rotation of the
third pipe segment. Tests were conducted up to 30mm floor movement
(settlement), at which point two of the joints had experienced rotations
of about 1 degree, well within the limit recommended by the pipe manu-
facturer. The joint rotations are very effectively estimated using a sim-
ple design equation developed as part of previous research work.
Longitudinal pipe strains were measured at three positions along the
crown and invert of each pipe segment, so the curvatures and bending
moments resulting from the differential ground movements could be
estimated. At completion of each test (when the rotational limits of the
joints were reached), the tensile bending strains along the pipe barrels
reached about half of the tensile strain limits expected for this vitrified
clay material. Therefore, for this pipe in these burial conditions, the pipe segment lengths and joint condi-
tions prevented ring fractures from developing in the barrels. Further studies are underway to investigate
the development of joint leakage and the strength limits of these pipelines and the joints that connect them.
V I T R I F I E D C L A Y P I P E J O I N T B E H A V I O U R U N D E R
D I F F E R E N T I A L G R O U N D M O V E M E N T
T E S T C H A M B E R S I M U L A T I N G N O R M A L G R O U N D F A U L T S
A new test chamber was designed and constructed to generate differential
ground movements associated with normal ground faults. Previous reduced
scale work conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge by doctoral student Saiyar,
was extended through development of a prototype-scale test facility of width
1.8m, depth 1.8m, and length 7.3m, While one half of the floor of the new test
chamber is stationary, the other half is supported by four screw jacks that can
be lowered in stages to impose differential settlements on the pipeline buried
within. Working with doctoral student Pengpeng Ni, Eric designed the test
chamber and assisted with construction and commissioning the facility. This
test chamber is now being used to investigate a range of buried pipe problems.
Supervisor: Ian D. Moore, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FEIC, FCSCE
Professor and Canada Research Chair in Infrastructure Engineering
ian.moore@queensu.ca tel: 613 533 3160
E R I C P O O N , M A S C ( 2 0 1 5 )
R E S E A R C H S U M M A R Y
S T U D Y T O U N D E R -
S T A N D J O I N T E D
P I P E R E S P O N S E T O
D I F F E R E N T I A L
G R O U N D M O T I O N
V I T R I F I E D C L A Y
P I P E S W I T H G A S -
K E T E D B E L L A N D
S P I G O T J O I N T S
F O U R S E G M E N T
P I P E L I N E A S S E M -
B L E D A N D T E S T E D
L I N E A R P O T E N T I O M -
E T E R S U S E D T O
M O N I T O R A X I A L
A N D R O T A T I O N A L
J O I N T M O V E M E N T S
S T R A I N G A G E S A L -
S O I N S T A L L E D T O
M O N I T O R C U R V A -
T U R E S A L O N G T H E
P I P E S E G M E N T S
A C C E L E R O M E T E R S
U S E D T O M O N I T O R
R O T A T I O N O F P I P E
S E G M E N T S
H I G H L I G H T S
First measurements of
jointed clay pipe respons-
es to differential ground
movements
Joint monitoring system
recorded joint extensions
and rotations
New test chamber devel-
oped to simulate ground
faults
Measurements confirm
effectiveness of existing
design equation
GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s—RMC, Queen’s University
Ellis Hall, 58 University Avenue, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
613 533 3160 info@geoeng.ca
www.geoeng.ca
Assembled pipeline installed in
the test chamber prior to burial
Chamber cross-section