Queen’s University NASTT Student Chapter – Report for 2015 ......Queen’s University NASTT...

Queen’s University NASTT Student Chapter – Report for 2015

No-Dig Student Publications:

Journal papers involving current and former student chapter members

Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Performance of deteriorated corrugated

steel culverts rehabilitated with sprayed-on cementitious liners subjected to

surface loads. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 47, 222-232.

Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Evaluation and application of the flexural

rigidity of a reinforced concrete pipe. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering

and Practice, 04015015.

Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Rotational characteristics of a gasketed

bell and spigot joint in a pressurized reinforced concrete pipeline. Journal of

Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 04015010.

Becerril García, D. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Behaviour of bell and spigot joints in

buried reinforced concrete pipes, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 5,

pp. 609-625, doi: 10.1139/cgj-2013-0072.

Wang, Y. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Simplified design equations for rigid pipe joints

based on the 2-pipe approximation, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 52, No.

5, pp. 626-637, doi: 10.1139/cgj-2013-007.

MacDougall, K., Hoult, N. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Measured load capacity of buried

reinforced concrete pipes (s-2014-296), ACI Structural Journal.

Moore, I.D. and Becerril García, D. (2015). Ultimate Strength Testing of Two

Deteriorated Metal Culverts Rehabilitated With Spray-on Cementitious Liners ̧

Transportation Research Record, No.2522, pp 139-147, DOI 10.3141/2522-14.

Simpson, B., Moore, I.D. and Hoult, N.A. (2015). Distributed sensing of

circumferential strain using fiber optics during full-scale buried pipe experiments,

Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 0415002.

Simpson, B., Moore, I.D. and Hoult, N.A. (2015). Experimental investigation of

rehabilitated steel culvert performance under static surface loading. Journal of

Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 0415076.

Smith, T., Hoult, N.A. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Role of grout strength and liners on

the performance of slip-lined pipes. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and

Practice, 04015007.

Wilson, D., Filion, Y.R. and Moore, I.D. (2015). Identifying factors that influence the

factor of safety and probability of failure of large-diameter, cast iron water mains

with a mechanistic stochastic model: a case study in the city of Hamilton.

Procedia Engineering, 119, 130-138.

Wilson, D., Filion, Y.R. and Moore, I.D. (2015). State of the art review of water pipe

failure prediction models and applicability to large diameter mains. Urban Water

Journal, 1-12.

Presentation to student group involving student chapter member

May 6th,

2015

Symposium for Systems Training and Education in Water Assets

Research and Development (STEWARD)

Theme B: Buried pipe infrastructure, design, assessment and repair

Haitao Lan

October

29th, 2015

Seminar for Systems Training and Education in Water Assets Research

and Development (STEWARD)

Measurement of earth pressure and effect of compaction

Haitao Lan

Buried pipe and trenchless seminars in the GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s – RMC

Activities

Haitao Lan, Jane Peter, Caleb Regier and Jacob Tetreault attended 2015 NASTT

No-Dig Conference in Denver, CO. Jane Peter (with Ashley Rammeloo) was

supported by the Mentorship Program of Systems Training and Education in

Water Assets Research and Development (STEWARD) on March 16-18th, 2015 .

Wed,

Aug

19

4:30 –

6 pm

David Chapman, Reader in Civil Engineering, Birmingham

University, England, “How can we assess deterioration of shallow

buried infrastructure? - The Assessing the Underworld project and

other research’

Wed,

Nov 4

4:30 -

6 pm

Michael O'Rourke, Professor of Civil Engineering, Structural

Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, "Analytical Fragility

Relations for Segmented Buried Pipe"

http://www.geoeng.ca/abstracts/ORourke.htm

http://www.geoeng.ca/abstracts/ORourke.htm

Haitao Lan, Jane Peter and Pengpeng Ni attended the STEWARD Symposium in

Kingston, ON on May5-6th, 2015.

Dr. John Gumbel from JG Pipeline Consultancy Ltd. gave a seminar

“Performance of buried pipe infrastructure” hosted by NASTT student chapter at

Queen’s University on April 23rd

, 2015.

Student Chapter Members

President Haitao Lan

Vice President Jane Peter

Member

Amir Hashemi

Wang Dong

Titilope-Oluwa Adebola

Neda Dadashzadeh

Jacob Tetreault

Pengpeng Ni

Van Thien Mai

Xiaogang Qin

Rui Yong

Graduation/Completion Caleb Regier

Eric Poon

Situations arise when buried oil and gas pipelines

are subjected to ground movements. These in-

clude deformations imposed by iceberg keels over

submarine pipelines off the coast of Newfound-

land, and for transmission pipelines passing

across slopes experiencing down-slope move-

ments. Work is underway to develop nonlinear

computer models to capture details of the soil-pipe

interaction, including passive and active soil

zones, and regions of localized failure (shear

bands). Research by Alex Burnett has provided

high quality experimental data for use in evaluat-

ing and calibrating those computer models.

Firstly, a new test chamber 5.5m long, 0.9m wide,

and 1.8m deep was defined within the West test

pit of the GeoEngineering Laboratory. The new

chamber was fitted with four windows, through

which pipe and soil deformations were moni-

tored. A series of experiments were then conduct-

ed where pipe segments were pulled horizontally

through the soil, examining the effect of different

pipe diameters, burial depths, and soil densities.

Tests provided detailed evidence of the lateral

forces that develop on the pipe, lateral and vertical

movements of the test pipes, and the soil re-

sponse monitored during the test using digital

photography. Post-test analysis was then used to

calculate soil velocities and strains.

Supervisors:

W. Andy Take, PhD, PEng

Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair in

Geotechnical Engineering

[email protected] tel: 613 533 3124

Ian D. Moore, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FEIC , FCSCE

Professor and Canada Research Chair in

Infrastructure Engineering


Sponsors: The Wood Group, NSERC and CFI

I N V E S T I G A T I O N O F F U L L S C A L E H O R I Z O N T A L P I P E - S O I L

I N T E R A C T I O N A N D L A R G E S T R A I N B E H A V I O U R O F S A N D

D I G I T A L I M A G E C O R R E L A T I O N

Dr Andy Take and his graduate students have been at the

forefront of developing Digital Image Correlation tech-

niques for use in monitoring soil deformations, and calcu-

lating strains from those displacements. Recent improve-

ments to his GeoPIV software provide better treatment of

particle rotation and substantial reductions in noise asso-

ciated with displacement gradients (for strain estimates).

Alex used the latest software to analyze soil movements,

and to identify and interpret the different soil zones in

front of, above, and behind the moving pipe. Plots of shear

strain provide clear evidence of location and evolution of

shear bands

not previously

available.

A L E X B U R N E T T , M S C ( 2 0 1 5 )

R E S E A R C H S U M M A R Y

L A R G E S C A L E T E S T

F A C I L I T Y P R E P A R E D

W I T H W I N D O W S T O

O B S E R V E S A N D

M O V E M E N T S

A R O U N D P I P E D I S -

P L A C E D L A T E R A L L Y

T E X T U R E O F O L I -

V I N E T E S T S A N D

T R A C K E D U S I N G

D I G I T A L C A M E R A S

T E S T S O N 2 5 0 M M

A N D 6 0 0 M M O I L

P I P E L I N E S , A N D A T

D I F F E R E N T B U R I A L

D E P T H R A T I O S

I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F

F A I L U R E Z O N E S A N D

B A N D S O F L O C A L -

I Z E D S H E A R

F A U L U R E

D A T A B E I N G U S E D

B Y C O L L A B O R A T O R S

T O E V A L U A T E T H E I R

F I N I T E E L E M E N T

A N A L Y S E S

H I G H L I G H T S

Collaboration with Drs.

Kenny and Hawlader at

Carleton University and

the Memorial University

of Newfoundland

Collaborative Research

and Development project

with the Wood Group

(Aberdeen/Houston)

Soil deformation and

strain data of greatly

improved quality com-

pared to previous test

programs

GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s—RMC, Queen’s University

Ellis Hall, 58 University Avenue, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada

613 533 3160 [email protected]

www.geoeng.ca

Andrea and her test culvert prior to backfilling in 2008.

Shear strain distributions (right) calculat-

ed from particle displacements (above)

View of moving pipeline through the window part-way

through a lateral pulling experiment showing the pipe,

and changes in the geometry of the ground surface.

Engineers managing the millions of deteriorated metal culverts

and storm sewers across North America need to establish ’How

much deterioration is too much deterioration’ so safe and eco-

nomic decisions can be made regarding their repair and replace-

ment. Caleb Regier’s MASc project involved burying circular and

elliptical steel culverts in the West pit of the GeoEngineering La-

boratory at Queen’s, and measuring their performance under

standard service loads and up to ultimate strength limits.

First, samples were instrumented using optical fibres, conven-

tional strain gages, linear potentiometers and targets for digital

image analysis, and performance during burial was monitored.

Using the lab’s servo-controlled testing system and steel loading

pads, service loads associated with the standard Ontario CL-625

design truck were applied to the ground surface. Finally, those

loads were increased until ultimate limit states were reached.

In all tests on corroded samples, the soil modulus did more to

influence the resulting deformations than the level of wall loss. The circular

and elliptical pipes experienced yield as a result of bending moments at the

crown and shoulders. As loads were then increased, local buckling devel-

oped in the steel strips adjacent to perforations at the haunches of the

corroded circular pipe samples. Some ultimate strengths fell short of the

code requirements, and the failure mechanisms were not those covered by

the existing design models used in the Canadian and US codes.

Supervisors:

Neil A. Hoult, PhD, PEng, Associate Professor


Ian D. Moore, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FEIC , FCSCE

Professor and Canada Research Chair in Infrastructure Engineering


I N V E S T I G A T I O N O F T H E F A I L U R E M E C H A N I S M S O F

I N T A C T A N D D E T E R I O R A T E D C U L V E R T S

I M P R E S S E D C U R R E N T U S E D T O C O R R O D E P I P E S A M P L E S

Previous tests on corroded metal culverts have relied on pipes exhumed from the field which has limited

the nature and number of samples tested. Working in collaboration with Dr Allan Scott of the University of

Canterbury, New Zealand, impressed current procedures were developed to simulate decades of corrosion

in a few weeks. Pipes were immersed in a water bath filled up to the pipe haunches. Electrodes running

parallel to the haunches concentrated corrosion at that level. Water flow was used to move corrosion prod-

ucts into a collection sump.

First, zinc coating disappeared across the invert

and the steel then corroded, particularly at cor-

rugation valleys. Average levels of wall remain-

ing at the haunches ranged from 15 to 50% .

C A L E B R E G I E R , M A S C ( 2 0 1 5 )


T H R E E C O R R O D E D

A N D O N E I N T A C T

S A M P L E O F C I R C U -

L A R P I P E T E S T E D I N

T H E G E O E N G I N E E R -

I N G L A B O R A T O R Y A T

Q U E E N ’ S

I M P R E S S E D C U R -

R E N T U S E D T O A C -

C E L E R A T E C O R R O -

S I O N I N C O R R U G A T -

E D S T E E L P I P E S A M -

P L E S

C I R C U L A R C U L V E R T

R E S P O N S E E X A M -

I N E D A T T W O B U R I A L

D E P T H S A N D U N D E R

S I N G L E A X L E L O A D

H A U N C H C O R R O S I O N

C H A N G E S S T R E N G T H

L I M I T S T A T E

S E R V I C E A N D

S T R E N G T H T E S T S

A L S O P E R F O R M E D

O N E L L I P T I C A L C U L -

V E R T , R E V E A L I N G

F L E X U R A L F A I L U R E

H I G H L I G H T S

Part of a Strategic

Research Project for

the Natural Sciences

and Engineering Re-

search Council

Helps establish ‘How

much deterioration is

too much deterioration’

Tests showed how some

capacities fell below

factored design loads,

and how failure modes

differed from the design

codes




www.geoeng.ca

Caleb with one of his

circular pipe samples

End of pipe bath showing electrodes

Pipe sample with 45-47% of wall loss

Vitrified clay pipelines have historically been used for sanitary sew-

ers in many cities. Long term performance can be limited by soil erosion

resulting from joint leakage. However, no studies have previously been

performed to investigate joint response in pipelines subjected to differ-

ential ground movements. The MASc project involved assembly of a test

pipeline from four segments of 150mm diameter vitrified clay pipe. The

three joints were monitored using linear potentiometers mounted under

the crown, and adjacent to the two haunches, with movements ana-

lysed to infer joint rotations and extension or compression. Pipe seg-

ments were also fitted with accelerometers (slope indicators) so the

pipeline motion could be monitored as the tests were conducted.

Experiments were undertaken for the pipe at two different burial depths

within the olivine test sand. The measurements indicated that three of

the four pipe segments remained largely horizontal, so that almost all

of the differential ground motion was accommodated by rotation of the

third pipe segment. Tests were conducted up to 30mm floor movement

(settlement), at which point two of the joints had experienced rotations

of about 1 degree, well within the limit recommended by the pipe manu-

facturer. The joint rotations are very effectively estimated using a sim-

ple design equation developed as part of previous research work.

Longitudinal pipe strains were measured at three positions along the

crown and invert of each pipe segment, so the curvatures and bending

moments resulting from the differential ground movements could be

estimated. At completion of each test (when the rotational limits of the

joints were reached), the tensile bending strains along the pipe barrels

reached about half of the tensile strain limits expected for this vitrified

clay material. Therefore, for this pipe in these burial conditions, the pipe segment lengths and joint condi-

tions prevented ring fractures from developing in the barrels. Further studies are underway to investigate

the development of joint leakage and the strength limits of these pipelines and the joints that connect them.

V I T R I F I E D C L A Y P I P E J O I N T B E H A V I O U R U N D E R

D I F F E R E N T I A L G R O U N D M O V E M E N T

T E S T C H A M B E R S I M U L A T I N G N O R M A L G R O U N D F A U L T S

A new test chamber was designed and constructed to generate differential

ground movements associated with normal ground faults. Previous reduced

scale work conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge by doctoral student Saiyar,

was extended through development of a prototype-scale test facility of width

1.8m, depth 1.8m, and length 7.3m, While one half of the floor of the new test

chamber is stationary, the other half is supported by four screw jacks that can

be lowered in stages to impose differential settlements on the pipeline buried

within. Working with doctoral student Pengpeng Ni, Eric designed the test

chamber and assisted with construction and commissioning the facility. This

test chamber is now being used to investigate a range of buried pipe problems.

Supervisor: Ian D. Moore, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FEIC, FCSCE

Professor and Canada Research Chair in Infrastructure Engineering


E R I C P O O N , M A S C ( 2 0 1 5 )


S T U D Y T O U N D E R -

S T A N D J O I N T E D

P I P E R E S P O N S E T O

D I F F E R E N T I A L

G R O U N D M O T I O N

V I T R I F I E D C L A Y

P I P E S W I T H G A S -

K E T E D B E L L A N D

S P I G O T J O I N T S

F O U R S E G M E N T

P I P E L I N E A S S E M -

B L E D A N D T E S T E D

L I N E A R P O T E N T I O M -

E T E R S U S E D T O

M O N I T O R A X I A L

A N D R O T A T I O N A L

J O I N T M O V E M E N T S

S T R A I N G A G E S A L -

S O I N S T A L L E D T O

M O N I T O R C U R V A -

T U R E S A L O N G T H E

P I P E S E G M E N T S

A C C E L E R O M E T E R S

U S E D T O M O N I T O R

R O T A T I O N O F P I P E

S E G M E N T S

H I G H L I G H T S

First measurements of

jointed clay pipe respons-

es to differential ground

movements

Joint monitoring system

recorded joint extensions

and rotations

New test chamber devel-

oped to simulate ground

faults

Measurements confirm

effectiveness of existing

design equation




www.geoeng.ca

Assembled pipeline installed in

the test chamber prior to burial

Chamber cross-section

Queen’s University NASTT Student Chapter – Report for 2015 ......Queen’s University NASTT...

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