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Public Safety Performance Project
October 2, 2012
Less Crime at Lower CostsSpecial Council on Criminal Justice Reform for Georgians
www.pewcenteronthestates.com
Background
State Examples: Less Crime at Lower Costs
GA Juvenile Corrections: High Cost, Low Returns
Agenda
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Public Safety Performance Project
Protect public safety
Hold offenders accountable
Control corrections costs
Goal: Help states get a better public safety return on their corrections dollars
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Special Council : 2011 - 2012
Special Council on Criminal Justice Reform for Georgians created by General Assembly
Council undertook:» data-driven analysis of the adult system
» development of policy options and recommendations
HB 1176 passed the General Assembly unanimously Gov. Nathan Deal signed legislation into law
Gov. Deal: “a model of how the legislative process should work.”
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HB 1176• Passed General Assembly unanimously.• Averts projected 8 percent increase in prison population and
associated cumulative cost of $264 million over five years. • Budget reinvests more than $17 million of the prison savings in
into measures designed to reduce reoffending.
Focus of HB 1176: • Focus Prison Space on Serious Offenders • Reduce Recidivism by Strengthening Probation and
Alternative Sentencing Options• Relieve Local Jail Crowding• Improve Performance Measurement
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Special Council: 2012-2013
Governor extends the Special Council through Executive Order and expands the membership.
The state requests technical assistance from the Pew Center on the States and the Annie E. Casey Foundation.
State leaders charge the Special Council with identifying ways to:
» improve outcomes in the juvenile system
» develop fiscally sound, data-driven juvenile justice policies
» ensure Georgia’s tax dollars are used effectively and efficiently
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Phase I: Bipartisan, Inter-branch Process
Data Analysis / System Assessment
Policy Development
Consensus Building
1
2
3
Stakeholder Engagement
State Examples: Less Crime at Lower Costs
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Case Study: Ohio
40% increase in the state’s juvenile custody population spanning the 13 years leading up to 1992
State’s juvenile institutions operated at 180% of capacity
Many counties did not have the resources to supervise juveniles locally
Challenges:
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Provides incentives to counties to develop and utilize community-based alternatives
Counties receive a formula based allotment, which is reduced for each juvenile committed to an institution
Counties receive the remaining funds to use in the community on a monthly basis
Targeted RECLAIM provides additional incentives for the six counties that commit the most youth to the state
Solution: RECLAIM Ohio
Case Study: Ohio
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Total average daily facility population 2,600+Commitment rate for felony adjudicated youth
Case Study: Ohio
21%
650
12%
1992 2011
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Case Study: Ohio
$30.6Mfunded programs in 88 counties in FY2011610+
4 facility closures save
in operational expenses$50M+
$330M+As of 2009
allocated to counties in FY2012 plus $16.7M through Youth Services Grant
in RECLAIM funds provided to local counties
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Case Study: Ohio
spent on a RECLAIM-funded local program instead of placement saves the state$1 $11-$45
Cost Benefit Analysis
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Case Study: Ohio
Low Moderate High Very High0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
48
22
44
29
4043
37
47
39
51
46
41
50
Recidivism rates by risk and placement type in Ohio
RECLAIM community supervision programs Community Corrections Facility (CCF)
Department of Youth Services (DYS) release Department of Youth Services (DYS) discharge
Risk level
Subs
eque
nt c
omm
itmen
t rat
e
Lowenkamp & Latessa (2005). Evaluation of Ohio’s RECLAIM Funded Programs
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Case Study: Texas
Total average daily facility population (2007-2011)
Juvenile arrests (2007-2010) 14%
$84.5 MNew funding to counties (2009-2012)
60%
Georgia Juvenile Corrections: High Cost, Low Returns
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Georgia's Historical Juvenile Disposed Population: Out-of-Home Youth
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2,973
1,917
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High Cost
YDC (per bed)
RYDC (per bed)
Non-Secure Residential (per child)
Community Supervision (per child)
K-12 (per child)
UGS (per child)
$0$10,000$20,000$30,000$40,000$50,000$60,000$70,000$80,000$90,000
$100,000 $91,126 $88,155
$28,955
$3,139 $4,326 $5,408
Annual State Cost of Juvenile Placement vs. Education
1
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Low Return on Investment
All Committed Youth =53%65%
Recidivism Rate:
Youth Development Campuses =
GA Department of Juvenile Justice
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Key Findings
• Trends in Out-of-Home Youth
– Greater concentration of felons
– Increase in number of juveniles awaiting a long-term bed
– High percentage of low risk juveniles
– Non-Secure Residential: majority non-felony and non-violent, nearly half are low risk
• Recidivism remains high, half are re-adjudicated within three years
– Regardless of setting, public safety outcomes for out-of-home not improving
• Community-based options vary across the state
– DJJ spends more than 60% of its budget on out of-home‐– Community based options are dependent upon location and funding‐
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Youth Out-of-Home: Offense Class
Misd28%
Felony57%
Status15%
2002
Misd21%
Felony76%
Status3%
2011
n = 2,652 n = 1,870
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Who is in the YDC?
Felony68%
Misd22%
Status10%
2002
Felony99%
Misd1%
2011
n = 1,236 n = 619
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Youth Out-of-Home: Legal Status
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
541
950
1,154
540
1,182
311
DFRegular CommitSTP
76% Increase in DF Out-of-Home
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Youth in YDC: Offense Types2002 2011
Violent (30.8%) Violent (49.3%)
Property (29.8%) Property (26.2%)
Public Order (10.0%) Violent Sex (11.5%)
Violent Sex (8.4%) Public Order (6.9%)
VOP/VOAC/VOAP (8.2%) Weapons (3.1%)
Drug Use (4.7%) VOP/VOAC/VOAP (1.9%)
Weapons (3.4%) Drug Use (0.5%)
Drug Selling (2.0%) Drug Selling (0.5%)
Status (1.6%) Traffic (0.2%)
Sex Non-Violent (0.6%)
Traffic (0.5%)
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Georgia's Juvenile Population: Youth Out-of-Home on June 30
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,6001,450
619
863
600
660 698
YDCNon-Secure ResidRYDC
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Youth Out-of-Home: Risk Level
High16%
Medium41%
Low42%
2004
High19%
Medium41%
Low40%
2011
n = 2,367 n = 1,777
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Youth in YDC: Risk Levels
272004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
HighMediumLow
In 2011: High = 25%
Medium = 37%Low = 39%
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Designated Felons in the YDC: Risk Levels
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
HighMediumLow
In 2011: High = 24%
Medium = 37%Low = 39%
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Who is in the Non-Secure Residential Placements?
Felony45%
Misd35%
Status20%
2002
Felony47%
Misd45%
Status8%
2011
n = 863 n = 584
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Non-Secure Residential: Risk Levels
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
100
200
300
400
500
600
HighMediumLow
In 2011:High = 11%
Medium = 40%Low = 49%
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Recidivism for all Released Youth
2003 2004 2005 2006 20070
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
All YouthPercent
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Recidivism: Youth at the YDCs
2003 2004 2005 2006 20070
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
YDC
YDC
6 percentage point increase since 2003Percent
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System Assessment: Key Finding on Community-Based Options
• Community-based options vary across the state
– DJJ spends more than 60% of its budget on out of-home.‐– Community based options are dependent upon location and funding‐
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Public Safety Performance Project
October 2, 2012
Less Crime at Lower CostsSpecial Council on Criminal Justice Reform for Georgians