Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga, PhD Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Beijing, September, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 1

16 October 2014 2 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

Summary Introduction • Ecuadorian Natural Regions • The CLQCA (Catholic University Yeast Collection) Basic and Applied Studies on Yeasts •Biorefinery •Microbial Archaeology • Ecological aspects of yeasts in Ecuador Final Remarks

16 October 2014 3 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 4

CLQCA • Funded: 2006 • Repository of the yeasts biodiversity of Ecuador • About 3300 isolates and 150 species from

Ecuadorian and Antarctic environments • Search for novel yeast species • Ecology of yeasts • Human talent formation (University PUCE) • Biotechnological approaches

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 5

Biodiversity of Yeasts, ¿Why does it matter? The term biodiversity is an abstract expression embracing all aspects of the variety of life: from bio-molecules to species, populations, communities and ecosystems. Variation is the essence of biology. Consequently, biodiversity is an intrinsic feature of life. Culture collections play a fundamental role in ex situ preservation of microbial biodiversity: a big effort to keep microorganisms Bioprospection of microorganisms for industrial exploitation is fueling the innovation in a wide variety of industries.

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 6 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

www.cnib.com.ec

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 7 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014 Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

PROJECTS: BIOREFINERY

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 8

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, April 15 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 9

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 10

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, April 15 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 11

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 12

16 October 2014 13 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014 Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

PROJECTS: MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 14

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

BOKU, April 15 2014

MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

16 October 2014 15 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

BOKU, April 15 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 16

A TOAST FOR

HISTORY!

16 October 2014 18 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014 Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

PROJECTS: YEAST BIODIVERSITY

16 October 2014 19 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

16 October 2014 20 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

10/16/2014 21 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

Substrates analyzed

0

1

0 5 10 15 20

Index of Specialization (Si) Index of Abundance (Ia)

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 22

The Index of Speciality (Si) and the Index of Abundance (Ia) of the species are inversely proportional

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

10/16/2014 23 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

67%

29%

4%

Narcisist Analysis: The adaptation landscape of the yeasts in Ecuador

10/16/2014 24 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

Final Remarks

• A number of novel yeast strains and species are being found in Ecuador, which constitutes a valuable source for future research.

• The CLQCA is a valuable yeasts collection dedicated to biodiversity studies and scientific approaches.

• The study of the ecology of yeasts brings new understanding about the potential for bioprospection of this group of organisms.

10/16/2014 25 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

Acknowledgments

The Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Microbiology The WFCC The WDCM

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 26

Thank you

16 October 2014 27 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

BOKU, April 15 2014

AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAST BIODIVERSITY IN THE GALÁPAGOS AND OTHER ECUADORIAN REGIONS

A practical approach to the study of yeast diversity and its functional role within natural communities will eventually result in the design of tools, for instance, for the prediction of the occurrence of species based on the features of the micro- and macro-landscapes studied.

Deepening in the knowledge of microbial ecology and evolution

Preservation of key macro and micro landscapes (habitats)

Bioprospection

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

BOKU, April 15 2014

Communities of yeasts are affected by natural selection which eliminates deleterious mutations and rapid fixation of adaptive alleles, just as the environment determines whether or not a species can become established within a community. In these terms, we can understand that events of speciation and/or extinction are occurring in yeasts populations around us all the time at a relatively high rate due to its remarkable velocity of reproduction, mutation and adaptation to changing situations of these living organisms.

Source: Lachance (2006); Carvajal Barriga et al., (2011)

10/16/2014 30 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014