Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga, PhD Pontificia Universidad ... · 10/16/2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal...

Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga, PhD Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Beijing, September, 2014

16 October 2014 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador 1

16 October 2014 2 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Yeasts biodiversity in Ecuador

AMAZONIA ANDES PACIFIC GALAPAGOS

Beijing, 2014

Summary Introduction • Ecuadorian Natural Regions • The CLQCA (Catholic University Yeast Collection) Basic and Applied Studies on Yeasts •Biorefinery •Microbial Archaeology • Ecological aspects of yeasts in Ecuador Final Remarks




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CLQCA • Funded: 2006 • Repository of the yeasts biodiversity of Ecuador • About 3300 isolates and 150 species from

Ecuadorian and Antarctic environments • Search for novel yeast species • Ecology of yeasts • Human talent formation (University PUCE) • Biotechnological approaches



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Biodiversity of Yeasts, ¿Why does it matter? The term biodiversity is an abstract expression embracing all aspects of the variety of life: from bio-molecules to species, populations, communities and ecosystems. Variation is the essence of biology. Consequently, biodiversity is an intrinsic feature of life. Culture collections play a fundamental role in ex situ preservation of microbial biodiversity: a big effort to keep microorganisms Bioprospection of microorganisms for industrial exploitation is fueling the innovation in a wide variety of industries.



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www.cnib.com.ec

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http://www.clqca.com.ec/



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PROJECTS: BIOREFINERY



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PROJECTS: MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY





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MICROBIAL ARCHAEOLOGY




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A TOAST FOR

HISTORY!




PROJECTS: YEAST BIODIVERSITY




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10/16/2014 21 Prof. Javier Carvajal Barriga Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador



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Substrates analyzed

0

1

0 5 10 15 20

Index of Specialization (Si) Index of Abundance (Ia)



The Index of Speciality (Si) and the Index of Abundance (Ia) of the species are inversely proportional



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67%

29%

4%

Narcisist Analysis: The adaptation landscape of the yeasts in Ecuador




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Final Remarks

• A number of novel yeast strains and species are being found in Ecuador, which constitutes a valuable source for future research.

• The CLQCA is a valuable yeasts collection dedicated to biodiversity studies and scientific approaches.

• The study of the ecology of yeasts brings new understanding about the potential for bioprospection of this group of organisms.




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Acknowledgments

The Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Microbiology The WFCC The WDCM



Thank you




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AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAST BIODIVERSITY IN THE GALÁPAGOS AND OTHER ECUADORIAN REGIONS

A practical approach to the study of yeast diversity and its functional role within natural communities will eventually result in the design of tools, for instance, for the prediction of the occurrence of species based on the features of the micro- and macro-landscapes studied.

Deepening in the knowledge of microbial ecology and evolution

Preservation of key macro and micro landscapes (habitats)

Bioprospection



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Communities of yeasts are affected by natural selection which eliminates deleterious mutations and rapid fixation of adaptive alleles, just as the environment determines whether or not a species can become established within a community. In these terms, we can understand that events of speciation and/or extinction are occurring in yeasts populations around us all the time at a relatively high rate due to its remarkable velocity of reproduction, mutation and adaptation to changing situations of these living organisms.

Source: Lachance (2006); Carvajal Barriga et al., (2011)




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