Post on 26-Dec-2015
Presentation on the release of the
research report: 14 Nov 2011
- Nantes Kelder & Rudolph Zinn
- AfriForum
©Copyright AfriForum & R Zinn
1
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
Aim– To propose a basic community safety network– Also developed an example of a best practice business
model Objectives
– Collect information on efficient community safety networks– Identify:
» Critical factors to the efficient functioning and» continued existence of a network» An organisational framework for an efficient community
safety network» The functions an efficient community safety network
performs
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Literature review of local and international literature Mainly qualitative study (empirical) Population and sampling
– No database of community safety networks in SA– Started with effective networks known to researchers– Snowball sampling during interviews– Used email and internet to request reference to effective
networks– Non probability sampling
» Interviewed 19 respondents» Involved in 13 networks
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Different strata identified in population– Economic spectrum– Geographical strata
» Rural, farming, city neighbourhoods (including so-called former township), business district
Semi structured interviews Interview guide
– 44 questions (some with sub-questions) Longitudinal study
» Send out questionnaires» Methodology described in report
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Total number of crimes reported to SAPS (20 categories – 2,4% reduction for last year)
2000 -
2001
2001 -
2002
2002 -
2003
2003 -
2004
2004 -
2005
2005 -
2006
2006 -
2007
2007 -
2008
2008 -
2009
2009 -
2010
2010 -
2011
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
2581
681
2608
722
2717
184
2638
705
2466
837
2237
415
2185
688
2110
588
2098
229
2121
887
2071
487
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CONTACT & CONTACT RELATED CRIME: DISPROPORSIONALLY HIGH
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CRIME
Contact and contact related crime represented 37.2% of all serious crime reported to SAPS in 2010/2011
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Contact Crime in the RSA: 2010/2011
Murder3%
Attempted murder
2%
Assault GBH 31%
Common Assault
29%
Common robbery
9%
Aggravated robbery
16%
Sexual offences10%
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TRIO CRIMES: STATISTICS
The vast majority of house robberies, carjackings, business robberies, cash-in-transit (CIT) heists and bank robberies are committed with firearms and shots are frequently fired at victims.
‘Randomness’ and ‘unpredictability’ of these crimes Ratio: 203 per 100 000 Trio crimes consitantly increased from 05/06 to 08/09 ‘Leveled off’ in 09/10 Significant decrease in 10/11 of car hijacking (23,6%) and
house robbery (10.1%)
Source: Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC), SAPS HQ, Pretoria
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Trio crimes reported to SAPS
03 - 04
04 - 05
05 - 06
06 - 07
07 - 08
08 - 09
09 - 10
10 - 11
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Robbery at business premises: (2011: 14 667) Robbery at res-idential premises (2011 - 16 889)Car hijacking (2011 - 10 627)
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Volume crime reported to SAPS (2010/2011)
Series10
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000T
heft
(g
ener
al);
36
8095
Burglary at res-idential
premises, 247.630
Assault GBH, 198.602
Com
mon
as-
saul
t; 1
8589
1
Dru
g-re
late
d,
150.
673
Malicious damage to
prop., 125.327
Theft out or from vehicle,
123.091
Rob
bery
wit
h ag
grav
atin
g;
1014
63
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HIGHEST RISK AREA
Most hijackings take place at entrance to yard or in neighbourhood (stop streets, traffic lights, shopping malls etc.)
An estimated 50% of all vehicle theft, theft out of or from vehicles, common theft and street robberies occur at or near homes of victims
The changes based on time spend, crime patterns etc in residential neighbourhood or at work make these the places were you will most likely be a victim of crime– Similar to motor vehicle accidents were most accidents
occur in a 2 kilometer radius from home
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Home and Neighbourhood highest risk area
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Carjacking 10 627
House robbery 16 889
Street robbery 28 975 (50%)
Theft of vehicle 32 252 (50%)
Theft out or from ve-hicle 61 545 (50%)
Theft 184 047 (50%)
Burglary, 247 630
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Main purpose of a community safety network
– Restore a sense of security– Closely knit community and a more positive attitude– Progression of activities
The beginnings of a community safety network– High crime (‘When you hear the Lion’s roar’)– A few individuals who took the initiative– Resistance
Actions to mobilise the broader community– Biggest motivator to get involved “is the fear of crime”– Mass meetings, media– Contact with victims after an incident “good” opportunity
to motivate– Publicity of successes of the network “ success give hope”
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Actions to retain the involvement of members of the community– Major challenge– Interest wane in the absence of immediate threat of crime– Providing other services to the community – cleaning and
maintenance of the neigbourhood– ‘Mini’ municipality
Key lessons in the development of a community safety network:– Structure
» Initially not important» Base of the structure must be functional
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Key lessons continue:– Infrastructure
» Lack of infrastructure not insurmountable problem» Only becomes a problem when expanding and for
sustainability» New equipment – trial period
– Communication » Communication network essential» Mahube Crime Prevention – whistle» Radio network primary» Separate channels dedicated for different purposes» Radio speak and call signals» Various forms of technology (sms, cellphones, email,
websites)18Copyright
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Key lessons continue:– Management style
» Open, democratic and friendly style» Respect, commitment, dedication» Charismatic» In case of specific re-actions, more ‘military style’ command
required– Finances
» Finances not important to start» Used own finances to start off» Lack of funds is a constraint for expansion» Business model more sustainable» Business model – allows for additional services - upgrading
of roads and parks » CID – stable income
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Respondents’ expectations with regard to an ideal community safety network
» Will develop into sustainable model as far as involvement and financial support
» Community participation is an integral part Critical factors determining the success of a community safety
network– Various critical factor (see report for detail)
» Strong and good leadership» Stay within scope of legislation» Winning image» Render a complete service including municipal services» Contingency planning, effective crime threat analysis» Simple values, principles and actions within the reach of
the community20Copyright
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A community safety network’s most important crime prevention tasks– Visible patrols are the biggest deterrent for criminals– Patrol vehicles should be identifiable (green lights)– To provide police and security companies with information– Monitor and manage security service providers’ services – Get public spaces in neighbourhood back under control of
residents– Foster and maintain good communication and good human
relationship with the community– Conduct crime information analysis to inform intelligence
led initiatives– Networking with regard to crime prevention with other
role-players, neighbouring suburbs, support services
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations Role out community safety networks in all areas Get networks to collaborate, communicate and share
information Establish a forum for networks to meet and deliberate on best
practices Develop a code of ethics/conduct for networks Establish an integrated database (Examples of internet-based
databanks and information analysis software) Develop measures to ensure sustainability of networks
– Business model– Steady financial income– Additional services to community
Effective cooperation with CPF’s and other support services
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Law and justice should be respected Introduce measures to be able to ensure and enforce quality
service from security service providers Lobby Minister of Police for support
– Legalising use of revolving green lights on patrol vehicles– Reviving the police reservist function (where it has became
stagnant)– Addressing the reasons why some police officers do not
support or participate in community safety actions– Looking at measures to facilitate better cooperation
between SAPS and community safety networks– Finding a way of sharing relevant crime information
between SAPS and networks but also vice versa– Legislation similar to CID to finance networks
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