Presentation on the release of the

research report: 14 Nov 2011

- Nantes Kelder & Rudolph Zinn

- AfriForum

©Copyright AfriForum & R Zinn

1

AIMS & OBJECTIVES

Aim– To propose a basic community safety network– Also developed an example of a best practice business

model Objectives

– Collect information on efficient community safety networks– Identify:

» Critical factors to the efficient functioning and» continued existence of a network» An organisational framework for an efficient community

safety network» The functions an efficient community safety network

performs

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Literature review of local and international literature Mainly qualitative study (empirical) Population and sampling

– No database of community safety networks in SA– Started with effective networks known to researchers– Snowball sampling during interviews– Used email and internet to request reference to effective

networks– Non probability sampling

» Interviewed 19 respondents» Involved in 13 networks

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Different strata identified in population– Economic spectrum– Geographical strata

» Rural, farming, city neighbourhoods (including so-called former township), business district

Semi structured interviews Interview guide

– 44 questions (some with sub-questions) Longitudinal study

» Send out questionnaires» Methodology described in report

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The current situation as far as crime is concerned in SA

5

Total number of crimes reported to SAPS (20 categories – 2,4% reduction for last year)

2000 -

2001

2001 -

2002

2002 -

2003

2003 -

2004

2004 -

2005

2005 -

2006

2006 -

2007

2007 -

2008

2008 -

2009

2009 -

2010

2010 -

2011

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

2581

681

2608

722

2717

184

2638

705

2466

837

2237

415

2185

688

2110

588

2098

229

2121

887

2071

487

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CONTACT & CONTACT RELATED CRIME: DISPROPORSIONALLY HIGH

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CRIME

Contact and contact related crime represented 37.2% of all serious crime reported to SAPS in 2010/2011

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Contact Crime in the RSA: 2010/2011

Murder3%

Attempted murder

2%

Assault GBH 31%

Common Assault

29%

Common robbery

9%

Aggravated robbery

16%

Sexual offences10%

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TRIO CRIMES: STATISTICS

The vast majority of house robberies, carjackings, business robberies, cash-in-transit (CIT) heists and bank robberies are committed with firearms and shots are frequently fired at victims.

‘Randomness’ and ‘unpredictability’ of these crimes Ratio: 203 per 100 000 Trio crimes consitantly increased from 05/06 to 08/09 ‘Leveled off’ in 09/10 Significant decrease in 10/11 of car hijacking (23,6%) and

house robbery (10.1%)

Source: Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC), SAPS HQ, Pretoria

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Trio crimes reported to SAPS

03 - 04

04 - 05

05 - 06

06 - 07

07 - 08

08 - 09

09 - 10

10 - 11

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Robbery at business premises: (2011: 14 667) Robbery at res-idential premises (2011 - 16 889)Car hijacking (2011 - 10 627)

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Volume crime & the threat near home

11

Volume crime reported to SAPS (2010/2011)

Series10

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000T

heft

(g

ener

al);

36

8095

Burglary at res-idential

premises, 247.630

Assault GBH, 198.602

Com

mon

as-

saul

t; 1

8589

1

Dru

g-re

late

d,

150.

673

Malicious damage to

prop., 125.327

Theft out or from vehicle,

123.091

Rob

bery

wit

h ag

grav

atin

g;

1014

63

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HIGHEST RISK AREA

Most hijackings take place at entrance to yard or in neighbourhood (stop streets, traffic lights, shopping malls etc.)

An estimated 50% of all vehicle theft, theft out of or from vehicles, common theft and street robberies occur at or near homes of victims

The changes based on time spend, crime patterns etc in residential neighbourhood or at work make these the places were you will most likely be a victim of crime– Similar to motor vehicle accidents were most accidents

occur in a 2 kilometer radius from home

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Home and Neighbourhood highest risk area

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Carjacking 10 627

House robbery 16 889

Street robbery 28 975 (50%)

Theft of vehicle 32 252 (50%)

Theft out or from ve-hicle 61 545 (50%)

Theft 184 047 (50%)

Burglary, 247 630

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Findings & Recommendations Regarding Community Safety

Networks

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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Main purpose of a community safety network

– Restore a sense of security– Closely knit community and a more positive attitude– Progression of activities

The beginnings of a community safety network– High crime (‘When you hear the Lion’s roar’)– A few individuals who took the initiative– Resistance

Actions to mobilise the broader community– Biggest motivator to get involved “is the fear of crime”– Mass meetings, media– Contact with victims after an incident “good” opportunity

to motivate– Publicity of successes of the network “ success give hope”

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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Actions to retain the involvement of members of the community– Major challenge– Interest wane in the absence of immediate threat of crime– Providing other services to the community – cleaning and

maintenance of the neigbourhood– ‘Mini’ municipality

Key lessons in the development of a community safety network:– Structure

» Initially not important» Base of the structure must be functional

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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Key lessons continue:– Infrastructure

» Lack of infrastructure not insurmountable problem» Only becomes a problem when expanding and for

sustainability» New equipment – trial period

– Communication » Communication network essential» Mahube Crime Prevention – whistle» Radio network primary» Separate channels dedicated for different purposes» Radio speak and call signals» Various forms of technology (sms, cellphones, email,

websites)18Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Key lessons continue:– Management style

» Open, democratic and friendly style» Respect, commitment, dedication» Charismatic» In case of specific re-actions, more ‘military style’ command

required– Finances

» Finances not important to start» Used own finances to start off» Lack of funds is a constraint for expansion» Business model more sustainable» Business model – allows for additional services - upgrading

of roads and parks » CID – stable income

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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Respondents’ expectations with regard to an ideal community safety network

» Will develop into sustainable model as far as involvement and financial support

» Community participation is an integral part Critical factors determining the success of a community safety

network– Various critical factor (see report for detail)

» Strong and good leadership» Stay within scope of legislation» Winning image» Render a complete service including municipal services» Contingency planning, effective crime threat analysis» Simple values, principles and actions within the reach of

the community20Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A community safety network’s most important crime prevention tasks– Visible patrols are the biggest deterrent for criminals– Patrol vehicles should be identifiable (green lights)– To provide police and security companies with information– Monitor and manage security service providers’ services – Get public spaces in neighbourhood back under control of

residents– Foster and maintain good communication and good human

relationship with the community– Conduct crime information analysis to inform intelligence

led initiatives– Networking with regard to crime prevention with other

role-players, neighbouring suburbs, support services

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Recommendations

22

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations Role out community safety networks in all areas Get networks to collaborate, communicate and share

information Establish a forum for networks to meet and deliberate on best

practices Develop a code of ethics/conduct for networks Establish an integrated database (Examples of internet-based

databanks and information analysis software) Develop measures to ensure sustainability of networks

– Business model– Steady financial income– Additional services to community

Effective cooperation with CPF’s and other support services

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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Law and justice should be respected Introduce measures to be able to ensure and enforce quality

service from security service providers Lobby Minister of Police for support

– Legalising use of revolving green lights on patrol vehicles– Reviving the police reservist function (where it has became

stagnant)– Addressing the reasons why some police officers do not

support or participate in community safety actions– Looking at measures to facilitate better cooperation

between SAPS and community safety networks– Finding a way of sharing relevant crime information

between SAPS and networks but also vice versa– Legislation similar to CID to finance networks

24Copyright

Overview of frameworks for an efficient safety network

(Annexure A, B, C)

25

Thank you

26

27

Mr Nantes KelderHead: Investigations

AfriForum

E-mail: nantes@afriforum.co.za

Tel: 084 619 8264

Prof Rudolph ZinnSenior Lecturer

College of LawSchool of Criminal Justice

Department Police Practice

Unisa

E-mail: rzinn@unisa.ac.za

Tel: 011-471 2469