Transcript of Presentation group-12
- 1. KAS3501 Occupational Safety and Health Act Bachelor of
Technology (Environment) Semester 2 2014/2015 Date of Presentation:
29-4-2015 Group 12 Accident Prevention Method NADIA HUDA BINTI CHE
AWANG UK29552 LOKE MIN HUI UK29499 NUR MIMI NAZIRA BINTI MOHD NAZRI
UK29540 NURUL ATIQAH BINTI FAKHRARRAZI UK29541 AMALINA BINTI ALIAS
UK29542
- 2. ACCIDENT PREVENTION Colvin identified a rule of thumb,
accident ratio which is explained as 300-30-1 = 331 that says for
every 331 times a safety rule is violated, 300 times nothing will
happen, 30 times a close call or minor incident will occur, and 1
time an accident or injury will occur. Implication of rule of thumb
: management must take seriously and react to correct or abate
identified hazards.
- 3. Importance of Accident Prevention Fewer accidents less sick
leave lower costs and less disruption to the production process.
Saves employers the expense of recruiting and training new staff.
Cut the cost of early retirement and insurance pay-outs. As well as
the cost in terms of lost lives and suffering to workers and their
families, accidents affect business and society as a whole.
- 4. Paths of Accident Prevention I. Eliminate the hazard or
danger so that injury or damage is no longer possible. II. Provide
for separation between the worker (or equipment) and the hazard.
The danger remains, but an injury (or damage) is not possible since
we make sure that the natural zones of influence of workers
(equipment) and object (hazard or danger) do not intersect.
- 5. III. Provide shielding, such as fireproofing, protective
clothing and respirators to minimize the hazard. The hazard still
exists, but the possibility of an injury or damage is reduced by
minimizing the chances of the hazard having an effect by shielding
the danger. IV. Adapt to the hazard by providing measures such as
warning systems, monitoring equipment, information about dangers,
motivation for safe behaviour, training and education.
- 6. Role of Employer 1. CARRYING OUT A RISK ASSESSMENT a.
Identifying hazards and those at risk Looking for those things at
work that have the potential to cause harm, and identifying workers
who may be exposed to the hazards. b. Evaluating and prioritising
risks Estimating the existing risks (their severity, their
probability) and prioritising them in order of importance. It is
essential that the work to be done to eliminate or prevent risks is
prioritised.
- 7. c. Deciding on preventive action Identifying the appropriate
measures to eliminate or control the risks. d. Taking action
Putting in place the preventive and protective measures through a
prioritisation plan and specifying who does what and when, when a
task is to be completed and the means allocated to implement the
measures. e. Monitoring and reviewing The assessment should be
reviewed at regular intervals to ensure it remains up to date. It
has to be revised whenever significant changes occur in the
organisation or as a result of the findings of an accident or near
miss investigation.
- 8. 2.) EFFECTIVE PREVENTION Good Housekeeping keep the working
environment clean and tidy, with floors and access routes kept
clear of obstacles. Remove rubbish regularly so it does not build
up. Cleaning and maintenance rubbish should be removed regularly
and work areas kept clear. Cleaning methods and equipment must be
suitable for the surface being treated.
- 9. Lighting ensure good lighting levels, positioning lights to
ensure all floor areas are evenly lit and all potential hazards,
obstructions and spills can be clearly seen. Spillages clean up
spills immediately using an appropriate cleaning Method. Use
warning signs where the floor is wet and arrange alternative
routes.
- 10. Stairways handrails, slip-resistant covers to steps, high
visibility and non-slip marking of the front edges of steps and
good lighting can all help to prevent slips and trips on stairs.
Footwear workers need suitable footwear. Take account of the type
of job, floor surface, typical floor conditions and the
slip-resistant properties of the soles.
- 11. 3.) ACCIDENT PREVENTION CHECKLIST As a general guideline
prepared by employers to assess accident prevention plan.
- 12. Elements included in checklist Have clear procedures and
responsibilities for health and safety been set and make sure
everyone know their own and others responsibilities. Appointed a
competent person who can provide advice regarding the safety and
health legislation. Identified the main risks to health and safety
and taken action to eliminate or reduce them.
- 13. Arrange the maintenance of work equipment adequately.
Provided workers with any necessary personal protective equipment
for risks that cannot be avoided by other means. Provide
information to the workers on the risks, and trained them in safe
working and emergency procedures.
- 14. 4.) Consultation, information and training Employers have
to consult their workforce on health and safety measures.
Consultation helps to ensure that workers are committed to safety
and health procedures and improvements. Workers have a right to
receive information about the risks to health and safety,
preventive measures, first aid and emergency procedures.
- 15. 5.) Employing workers who may be at increased risk Workers
with disabilities Disabled workers should receive equal treatment
at work. Health and safety issues should not be used as an excuse
for not recruiting or not continuing to employ disabled people.
Risk assessment and accident prevention measures should take
account of individual workers differences. Separate risk assessment
and training may be necessary for disabled workers. Risk assessment
and accident prevention measures should take account of individual
workers differences. Separate risk assessment and training may be
necessary
- 16. Accident prevention measures for persons with disabilities
may also help to reduce accidents to all workers good lighting in
the workplace safe workplace access and exit well-maintained
pedestrian and traffic routes in the workplace clear communication
and good signing of hazards and risks in the workplace.
- 17. Young workers Young workers have lower overall fatal
accident rates, but rates can be high in some sectors. Agriculture
has the highest incidence, followed by construction, transport and
communication and manufacturing. Construction is the sector with
the highest number of young worker fatalities. Fatalities in retail
are also increasing, accounting for a high proportion of fatalities
among women in this sector.
- 18. Older workers Studies indicate that although older workers
have fewer accidents, their injuries are often more severe and take
longer to heal. Older workers may find it harder to see or adjust
focus in certain distance ranges, have reduced peripheral vision,
see things less clearly, find it harder to perceive depth or be
more sensitive to glare. They are also more likely to have other
conditions that impair vision such as cataracts and retinal
disorders.
- 19. Migrant workers The term migrant workers covers a wide
range of people with different reasons for migration and varying
skills levels. Not all migrant workers are at risk, but there are
three pressing occupational safety and health issues: - high
employment in high risk sectors - language and cultural barriers to
communication and safety and health training - migrant workers
often work a lot of overtime and/or are in poor health and thus are
more prone to occupational
- 20. Maintenance workers Many accidents, such as slips, trips
and falls, happen because of a lack of maintenance or as a result
of poor quality maintenance: - multiple subcontracting of
maintenance work makes OSH management and sharing risk management
knowledge difficult - carrying out maintenance under heavy time
pressures can lead to accidents.
- 21. -HAZARD AND RISKS EMPLOYEES FACE -INFORMATION AND TRAINING
-KEY FACTS PREVENTING WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS (ROLE OF EMPLOYEE)
- 22. HAZARDS AND RISKS EMPLOYESS FACE The type of hazard, the
degree of risk it poses and the severity of harm that may results
vary from workplace to workplace and sector to sector. Slips, trips
and falls are the largest cause of accidents in all sectors from
heavy manufacturing through to office work.
- 23. Employees are also risk from : Lack of information,
instruction, training, supervision and education Falling objects
Thermal and chemical burns Fires and explosions Dangerou s substanc
es Asphyxiati on Stress
- 24. Key Facts Every year hundreds of thousands of employees are
injured at work Men have more accidents than women Young workers
have a much higher accident rate than other age groups; older
workers have more fatal accidents Accident rates are higher in some
sectors, including agriculture and construction
- 25. Accidents occurring at night tend to be more fatal than
ones occurring at other times. Wounds and superficial injuries are
the most common type of injury Workers on shift work have a higher
accident rate
- 26. You should talk to your employer or workers representative
if some of the following issues are evident in your workplace
Inadequate mechanical safeguards to prevent contact with dangerous
objects. Lack of maintenance of work equipment and vehicle Cut and
splinters from blades, corners, sheet metal, tools and edges.
Electrical hazards. Work equipment and plant Poor housekeeping
order,, cleanliness and control poor visibility in areas where
vehicle and lifting equipment such as mobile cranes are working The
mixing of people and vehicles, particularly at entrances and exits
to garages, warehouses and depots. workplace Uncontrolled movements
of objects such as poorly secured barrels and other loads and
containers in storage, transport, distribution or handling
Workplace transport
- 27. WORKERS MUST : Make correct use of machinery, apparatus,
tools, dangerous substances and transport equipment Make correct
use of the personal protective equipment supplied Not disconnect,
change or remove arbitrarily safety devices fitted, for example :
to machinery, apparatus, tools, plant and building; such safety
devices correctly immediately inform the employer and/or the
workers with specific responsibility for the safety and health of
workers of any work situation they have reasonable grounds for
considering represents a serious and immediate danger to safety and
health and of any shortcomings in the protection arrangements.
- 28. Information and Training Employees have a right to receive
information about the risks to health and safety preventive
measures first aid emergency procedures. Training should be
relevant Understandable including for workers who speak a different
language It should be provided for new workers existing
workers.
- 29. Health & Safety Training Why Employee Safety Training
Statistics indicates that most accidents are caused by unsafe acts
rather than unsafe conditions. Accident prevention focused only on
eliminate unsafe conditions. Employee safety training is an answer
to controlling unsafe acts.
- 30. Who Needs Training New employee Need training to get off on
the right foot Existing employee Who change jobs require training
to perform the new jobs more efficiently and safely Supervisor Need
training in safety management techniques Analyze jobs to identify
unsafe Acts Conditions
- 31. Training Should Be Focused On Principles of safety
management and the employees responsibilities Specific hazards and
risks at work The skills needed to carry out tasks Procedures that
should be followed to avoid any risks Preventive measures to be
taken before, during and after the tasks
- 32. Specific safety and health instructions Information on
collective and individual protection Where employees can get
information on safety and health issues Person in charge about
emerging risks or in case of emergency
- 33. Example of Accident Prevention Method
- 34. INJURY AND ILLNESS PREVENTION PROGRAM Proactive process to
help employers find and fix workplace hazards before workers are
hurt. Thirty-four states in U.S. and many nations around the world
already require or encourage employers to implement such programs.
Key elements: Management leadership Worker participation Hazard
identification and assessment Hazard prevention and control
Education and training Program evaluation and improvement.
- 35. Management leadership and active worker participation are
essential to ensuring that all hazards are identified and
addressed. Workers need to be trained about how the program works.
Program needs to be periodically evaluated to determine whether
improvements need to be made.
- 36. Advantage of injury and illness prevention program Workers
suffer fewer injuries, illnesses and fatalities. Employers will
improve their compliance with existing regulations. Experience many
of the financial benefits of a safer and healthier workplace. Avoid
the substantial cost impacts and business disruptions that
accompany occupational injuries, illnesses and deaths.
- 37. REFERENCE 1.) Accident Prevention. (2014). Retrieved April
23, 2015, from European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
Website: https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/accident_prevention/ind
ex_html 2.) Accident Prevention Plan Program Guide. (n.d.).
Texas:Texas Department of Insurance. 3.) All Publication items on
Accident Prevention. (2014). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Website:
https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/accident_prevention/@ @oshtopic-
view?tp=/directory/accident_prevention/Publication 4.) Labor, U. D.
(2012). Injury and Illness Prevention Program. U.S.: OSHA
Administration.
- 38. Link of video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jLGkmOVtnI