Nationalism & Sectionalism America’s Path to Civil War

An “Era of Good Feelings” & the

Transportation Revolution

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

James Madison James MonroeDemocrat-Republican1809 - 1817

Democrat-Republican1817 - 1825

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

How did America go from a time of nationalism and an “Era of Good Feelings” to one of sectionalism and

Civil War?

“American System”A series of measures intended to build the American economy

and make it self-sufficient.

Henry Clay

“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress

Transportation Revolution

(1800 - 1850)

A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation.

CumberlandRoad

(1811 - 1837)

• 1st road built by the federal government

• 600 miles long

Transportation Revolution

Transportation Revolution

How does this road build the American economy?

Transportation Revolution

Erie Canal(1817 - 1825)

Completed in 1825

Connected Albany to Buffalo, New York

363 miles long

Transportation Revolution

Transportation Revolution

How does the Erie Canal help to build the American economy?

Transportation Revolution

Erie Canal in Rochester, New York 1907

State of New York Report on The Barge Canal

New York City was ranked fourth in population in 1800 rose to first place . . . Albany doubled its population within a few years.

The population of Utica increased from 3,000 to 13,000 in twenty years. Syracuse, which was described as a "desolate" hamlet of a few scattered wooden houses in 1820, became a city of 11,000 in 1840.

During approximately the same period, Rochester changed from "one wide and deep forest" to a prosperous community of 20,000.

Buffalo, a wilderness outpost of 200 in 1812, became a gateway to the west and its population reached 18,000 by 1840.

State of New York Report on The Barge Canal, Legislative Document 1961

Steamboat

Invented by Robert Fulton in 1803

First full-sized commercial steamboat was called the

Clermont

Transportation Revolution

How will a steamboat help to build the American economy?

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American economy?

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.

• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.

• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.

• Increased the speed at which goods could be shipped.

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.

• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.

• Increased the speed at which goods could be shipped.

• Increase the population in cities and moved the population out West.

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.

• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.

• Increased the speed at which goods could be shipped.

• Increase the population in cities and moved the population out West.

• Led to the formation of an integrated national market.

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?

Technological Innovations Transform the North and South

America’s Path to Civil War

Father of the Industrial Revolution

Father of the Industrial Revolution

Richard Arkwright

Father of the Industrial Revolution

Richard ArkwrightSpinning Frame:

1st machine built to spin cotton threads.(1769)

Father of the Industrial Revolution

Richard ArkwrightSpinning Frame:

1st machine built to spin cotton threads.(1769)

Effect - Great Britain becomes the world’s most productive textile manufacturing industry.

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Samuel Slater

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Samuel Slater

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Samuel Slater

Effect: Led to the growth of the textile industry in the United States

Old Slater Mill Pawtucket, RI

First successful industrial mechanized textile mill in America.(1793)

Holt - Pg. 385

Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney

Interchangeable Parts

Effect: Led to mass production and the cheaper manufacture of goods.

How did new technological innovations impact the North?

Operator of thread-making machine. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi Cotton thread-making machinery. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi

Operator of thread-making machine. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi Cotton thread-making machinery. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi

It took one person an entire day to tear one-two pounds of cotton from the clinging seeds. (Pg. 415)

Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney

Cotton Gin

Effect: Creates a cotton boom and cotton farms spread throughout the South.

Cotton Gin 1793

Cotton Gin Photographs

"What would happen if no cotton was furnished for three

years? England would topple headlong and carry the whole civilized world with her. No, you dare not make war on

cotton! No power on earth dares make war upon it. Cotton is King."

-- Senator James Henry Hammond of South Carolina (1858)

• By 1860, northern textile mills imported nearly 100 percent of their cotton from the South.

Cotton exports

- 1800: $5 million (7% of U.S. exports)- 1830: $30 million (41% of U.S. exports)

- 1860: $191 million (57% of U.S. exports)

• Southern cotton accounted for 70 percent of the raw material fueling Britain's industrial revolution

•12 wealthiest counties in the United States were in the South

• South purchased $30 million of mid- western food and $150 million of northern manufactured goods.

Source: “Slavery in America.” 9 Apr 2008 <http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_cotton.htm>.

How did new technological innovations impact the South?

"Trail of Tears" painting by Robert Lindneux.

The Rise of SectionalismAmerica’s Path to Civil War

Sectionalism

Sectionalism

• Favoring the interests of one section or region over the interests of another.

Comparing InterestsNORTH

Trade and manufacturing

Compete against British manufacturing

Immigrants for labor

SOUTH

Farming

Rely on importing manufactured goods

Rely on slaves for labor

House of Representatives

Northerners (100) Southerners (76)

House of Representatives

Northerners (100) Southerners (76)

Voting Resultsin favor of Missouri as a

slave state:

North - 14South - 76

-------------------Total: 90/176

House of Representatives

Northerners (100) Southerners (76)

Voting Resultsin favor of Missouri as a

slave state:

North - 14South - 76

-------------------Total: 90/176

Missouri wins approval as a slave state.

House of Representatives

Northerners (100) Southerners (76)

Voting Resultsin favor of Missouri as a

slave state:

North - 14South - 76

-------------------Total: 90/176

Missouri wins approval as a slave state.

Senate now has more slave states than free states. Advantage South.

Missouri Compromise“Special Amendment”

• Importing slaves into the state is illegal.

• Children born to slaves would be free.

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri enters the Union as a slave state.

• Maine joins the union as a free state.

• No slavery allowed north of 36 30’ latitude

• Real issue of slavery itself is avoided.

Reflection

Reflection

• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?

Reflection

• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?

• If you were a Senator in 1820, would you have voted for or against the Missouri Compromise?

Sectionalism

Sectionalism

• Favoring the interests of one section or region over the interests of another.

Reflection

Reflection

• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?

Reflection

• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?

• If you were a Senator in 1820, would you have voted for or against the Missouri Compromise?

Reflection

• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?

• If you were a Senator in 1820, would you have voted for or against the Missouri Compromise?

• Whose interests were favored more in the Missouri Compromise?

American SystemA series of measures intended to build

the American economy and make it self-sufficient.

Missouri Compromise• Missouri enters the Union as a

slave state.

• Maine joins the union as a free state.

• No slavery allowed north of 36 30’ latitude Henry Clay

States Rights vs.

Authority of the Federal Gov’t

American Economic Issue

American Economic Issue

• British companies are driving American manufacturers out of business with their inexpensive goods.

Tariff of Abominations

• How will the tariff affect the North and South differently?

“Congress should not favor one state or

region over another.”

-- John C. CalhounSouth Carolina

Nullification Crisis

• States’ Rights: State power should be greater than federal power

• States have the right to nullify federal laws with which they disagree.

- States determine if something is unconstitutional, not the Supreme Court

Nullification Act

• Passed by the state of South Carolina

• Declared null and void the tariffs of 1828 & 1832

• Threaten to withdraw from the Union if federal troops were sent in.

• South Carolina votes to form its own army.

Henry Clay

American SystemA series of measures intended to build

the American economy and make it self-sufficient.

Missouri Compromise• Missouri enters the Union as a

slave state.

• Maine joins the union as a free state.

• No slavery allowed north of 36 30’ latitude Henry Clay

Henry Clay

Henry Clay

Nullification Compromise

pg. 329