PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Early Scientists’ Contributions:

Record notes

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• First

compound

light

microscope

Robert Hooke

• Coined the

term “cell”

Matthias Schlieden

• All plants are

made of cells

Theodor Schwann

• All animals are

made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

• Cells can only

arise from

pre-existing

cells

Cell Theory: Record on page 4

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms.

3. All cells come from other cells all ready in existence.

Building Blocks of Life from

Large to Small: Record on page 5

1. Biosphere

2. Ecosystem

3. Community

4. Population

5. Individual

6. Organ System

7. Organs

7. Tissues

8. Cells

9. Molecules

10. Atoms

11. Quarks

Cell Functions: Record

CELL WALL: PLANT

• Function:Gives the cell most of its support and structure

• A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell

• Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant

Analogy: Like a

brick wall

CELL MEMBRANE

• Function:

Semi permeable,

allowing some

substances to pass

into the cell and

blocking others.

• Thin layer of

protein and fat that

surrounds the cellAnalogy: Like a

gate

Chloroplast

• Function:

Where

photosynthesis

takes place

• An elongated or

disc-shaped

organelle

containing

chlorophyll

Analogy: I am sweet

like a mint

gumdrop.

Cytoplasm• Function:

Where the

organelles are

located.

• Analogy: Like cherry

Jello.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Function:

transports

materials through

the cell

• Rough ER is

covered with

ribosome's that

give it a rough

appearance Analogy: Like a

train.

Golgi Bodies• Function:

Golgi bodies are the

packaging and

secreting organelles

of the cell.

• Are stacks of

membrane-covered

sacs that package

and move proteins

to the outside of the

cell. Analogy: Like

Amazon

Lysosome

• Function:

Where the digestion

of cell nutrients takes

place

• Also called cell

vesicles

• Spherical organelles

surrounded by a

membrane

• They contain

digestive enzymes

Analogy: Like a

garbage disposal

Mitochondria• Functions:

Powerhouse of the cell. Where energy of the cell is released.

• Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane

• Membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae)

Analogy: Like

a battery

Nucleus:The Manager• Function:

Controls many of the functions of the cell

• Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus

• Contains DNA (in chromosomes)

• Surrounded by the nuclear membrane

Analogy: Like a

boss or CEO

Ribosome's

• Function:Small structures in

the cytoplasm that

create proteins.

• Ribosome's are

either free floating

in the cytoplasm of

a cell or attached

to endoplasmic

reticulum in a cell.

• Analogy: Like BBQ

ribs

Vacuole• Function: a

vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell

• Fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell

• Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell

Analogy: Like a

suitcase

Plant Cell

Cross Section: Animal Cell

Edible Plant and Animal Cells

More Edible Cells

Material Suggestions• pieces each of round and square bread (cell)

• honey (cytoplasm)

• Marshmallows (vacuoles) – 1 large white for plant, 5 small yellow for animal

• Straight Pretzels (cell wall)

• Wrapped Hard Candies (nucleus)

• jelly beans (mitochondria)

• green Marshmallows (chloroplasts)

• Twizzlers (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

• Smarties (Golgi Bodies)

• Gum Drops (Lysosomes)

• jar of Sprinkles (Ribosomes)

• aluminum foil (cell membrane)