Post on 01-Mar-2018
NordicStatistics 2016
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Nordic Statistics 2016
Ed: Klaus Munch Haagensen, Statistics DenmarkUlla Agerskov, Nordic Council of MinistersDatabase: Troels A. Vestergaard, Statistics Denmark
ANP 2016:761ISBN 978-92-893-4692-4 (PRINT)ISBN 978-92-893-4693-1 (PDF)http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2016-761ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE)ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)
© Nordic Council of Ministers 2016
Photo: ScanpixPrint: RosendahlsCopies: 1,000Printed in Denmark
Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive.
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Nordic Statistics 2016
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More statistics on www.norden.org/facts
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Preface
Although small individually, the importance of the Nordic countries as a group is considerable. Did you know that the combined gross domestic product of the Nordic Region makes it the world’s twelfth largest economy? Or even that the Nordic Region is bigger than the whole of India, making it the seventh largest landmass in the world?
This pocket edition of Nordic Statistics 2016 offers a glimpse into the data that helps to paint a picture of our Nordic society – for example that every resident of Iceland visits the theatre twice as often as those living in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
For more information on this data, please visit www.norden.org/facts for links to Nordic Statistics and for more data that opens the door to countless fascinating analyses.
Happy reading!
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Symbols Nil -Less than half 0Not applicable .Data not available ..Link to database :
Country codesDenmark DKFaroe Islands FOGreenland GLFinland FIÅland AXIceland ISNorway NOSweden SEThe Nordic Region NREuro area EAThe European Union EU
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Contents / themes
The Nordic countries ...................................................................8The Nordic Region in an international context ...................10 Climate and energy ................................................................... 16Labour market ...........................................................................24Research and education ..........................................................32Innovation and creativity ......................................................... 40Social services and equality ....................................................46Trust and transparency ............................................................52Economy ..................................................................................... 58
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Sweden Area km2 447,435Population 9,851,017Status Constitutional monarchyHead of state King Carl XVI GustavCapital population 2,231,439 (Stockholm)
DenmarkArea km2 43,561Population 5,707,251Status Constitutional monarchy Head of state Queen Margrethe IICapital population 1,280,371 (Copenhagen)
Greenland Area km2 2,166,086Population 55,847Status Home rule within the Kingdom of DenmarkHead of state Queen Margrethe IICapital population 17,316 (Nuuk)
Faroe IslandsArea km2 1,396Population 48,704Status Home rule within the Kingdom of DenmarkHead of state Queen Margrethe II Capital population 20,521 (Tórshavn)
The Nordic countries
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FinlandArea km2 338,430Population 5,487,308Status RepublicHead of state President Sauli NiinistöCapital population 1,122,101 (Helsinki)
IcelandArea km2 103,492Population 332,529Status RepublicHead of state President Guðni JóhannessonCapital population 213,619 (Reykjavik)
Åland Area km2 1,581Population 28,916Status Home rule within the Republic of FinlandHead of state President Sauli Niinistö Capital population 11,461 (Mariehamn)
Norway Area km2 323,781Population 5,213,985Status Constitutional monarchyHead of state King Harald V Capital population 1,252,923 (Oslo)
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KEY FIGURES 2015*
The Nordic Regionin an international context
*2015 or latest available data. In this table, the Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. EU: The 27 or 28 member states of the European Union as per 1 January 2013 or 1 January 2014. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices between the countries.
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Total land area1,000 km²
56.1% 37.1%
ARABLE LAND
7.3% 16.6%24.0% 11.6%
68.5% 33.9%FOREST AREA
THE NORDIC REGION
1,147
UNITED STATES
9,832
EU
4,307
JAPAN
378
12
Population (million)
THE NORDIC REGION 27EU 509JAPAN 127 UNITED STATES 321
THE NORDIC REGION 17
EU 118
JAPAN 336
UNITED STATES 33
Density(inhabitants/km²)
13
Life expectancy(years)
Women
Men
75 80 85 90
● US 81.4 ● EU 83.6 ● THE NORDIC REGION 83.8 ● JAPAN 86.8
75 80 85 90
● US 76.6 ● EU 78.1 ● THE NORDIC REGION 79.7 ● JAPAN 80.5
Total fertility rate
THE NORDIC REGION
1.8EU
1.6JAPAN
1.4USA
1.9
14
GDP(billion USD)
NORDIC REGION 1,277
EU 19,191
JAPAN 4,738
UNITED STATES 17,947
GDP per capita(PPS, USD)
NORDIC REGION 48,335
EU 37,691
JAPAN 36,581
UNITED STATES 54,353
GDP growth(per cent)
THE NORDIC REGION
2.2EU
2.0JAPAN
0.5US
2.4
15
USEU
Taxes(per cent of GDP)
THE NORDIC REGION
JAPAN
43 38 30 26
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
512
2,24
8
699
1,63
3
432
2,19
1
799
2,37
4Exports / imports(billion USD)
● THE NORDIC REGION ● EU ● JAPAN ● US
16
Since 1995 the Nordic economies have almost doubled while reducing CO2 emissions by almost 20 per cent.
17
Climate and energy
18 CLIMATE AND ENERGY
Average temperature in the Nordic capitals
Temp01. Denmark, Greenland and Åland: 1990–2014 data. Iceland: 1997–2015 data.
‐2
0
2
4
6
8
10
DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SEAverage 1961–1990 Average 1990–2015
Degrees Celsius
Emissions of greenhouse gases, per capita
Indic302 and Popu02
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
DK FI IS NO SE NR EU281990 2000 2014
CO2‐equivalents, tonnes
CLIMATE AND ENERGY 19
Indigenous energy production 2014
Ener06
1%
35%
37%
18%
9%Coal
Oil
Gas
Renewable energy
Nuclear energy
The Nordic Region
Ener06
20%
9%
15%26%
30%Coal
Oil
Gas
Renewable energy
Nuclear energy
EU28
20 CLIMATE AND ENERGY
Gross inland consumption of energy 2014
Ener05
7%
30%
8%17%
37%
1%
Coal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear power
Renewable energy
Other
The Nordic Region
Ener05
17%
34%21%
14%
13%
1%
Coal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear power
Renewable energy
Other
EU28
CLIMATE AND ENERGY 21
Final inland consumption of energy 2014
Ener10
34%
26%
23%
3%
14%Industry
Transport
Households
Agriculture and fishery
Services and other sectors
The Nordic Region
: Ener10
27%
34%
25%
0%
14%Industry
Transport
Households
Agriculture and fishery
Services and other sectors
EU28
22 CLIMATE AND ENERGY
Decoupling environmental pressures and economic growth
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
1501995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
GDP Greenhouse gas emissions
The Nordic Region1995=100
+ 46 %
- 20 %
Indic401
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
GDP Greenhouse gas emissions
1995=100 EU28
+ 36 %
- 19 %
CLIMATE AND ENERGY 23
Environmental taxes
Pubs15
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The Nordic Region2006
The Nordic Region2014
EU282006
EU282014
Energy taxes Transport taxes Taxes on pollution and resources
Per cent of total taxes
Organic farming
Area02 and Oeko01. Total farm area: Arable land and permanent meadows and pastures. Sweden: 2000=2002 data. Åland: Only arable land.
0
5
10
15
20
25
DK FI AX IS NO SE2000 2014
Per cent of total farm area
24
Two thirds of Nordic women are full-time employed.
25
Labour market
26 LABOUR MARKET
Employment rates 2015
Work02. Åland: 2011 data. Faroe Islands, Greenland and EU28: 2014 data.
0
20
40
60
80
100
DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28Men Women
Per cent of age group 15–64 years
All employed by gender 2015
Work02
52%48%
Men
Women
The Nordic Region
54%46%
Men
Women
EU28
LABOUR MARKET 27
Unemployment rates
Work02
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
The Nordic Region EU28
Per cent of age group 15–64 years
Youth unemployment rates 2015
Work02
0
5
10
15
20
25
Total Men Women Total Men Women
The Nordic Region EU28
2000 2015
Per cent of age group 15–24 years
28 LABOUR MARKET
Absence from work for at least a week due to illness
Soci02
0
1
2
3
4
5
DK FI IS NO SE
1990 2000 2014
Per cent of employed
Absence from work for at least a week due to illness 2014
Soci02
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
DK FI IS NO SE Men Women
Per cent of employed
LABOUR MARKET 29
Maternity and paternity leave
Soci04
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DK FI IS NO SE NR2000 2014
Number of benefit days taken per capita
Soci04
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
DK FI IS NO SE NR2000 2014
Percentage of days taken by men
30 LABOUR MARKET
Annual median income 2015
Inco02. Sweden: 2014 data. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices between the countries.
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
DK FI IS NO SESingle person with dependent childrenTwo or more adults with dependent children
PPS/euro
LABOUR MARKET 31
32
Today there are more than three times as many doctors per inhabitant in the Nordic Region as there were in the 60s.
33
Research and education
34 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Level of education (age group 25–74) 2015
Educ01
19%
44%
34%
3%
Primary and lower secondary
Upper and post secondary
Tertiary
Level not specified or unknown
The Nordic Region
Educ01
27%
45%
28%
0%
Primary and lower secondary
Upper and post secondary
Tertiary
Level not specified or unknown
EU28
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 35
Student performance by literacy, PISA 2012
Reading literacy Mathematical literacy Scientific literacy
Japan 538 Korea, Rep. of 554 Japan 547 Korea, Rep. of 536 Japan 536 Finland 545 Finland 524 Switzerland 531 Estonia 541 Canada 523 Netherlands 523 Korea, Rep. of 538 Ireland 523 Estonia 521 Poland 526 Poland 518 Finland 519 Canada 525 Estonia 516 Canada 518 Germany 524 New Zealand 512 Poland 518 Netherlands 522 Australia 512 Belgium 515 Ireland 522 Netherlands 511 Germany 514 Australia 521 Belgium 509 Austria 506 New Zealand 516 Switzerland 509 Australia 504 Switzerland 515 Germany 508 Slovenia 501 United Kingdom 514 France 505 Ireland 501 Slovenia 514 Norway 504 New Zealand 500 Czech Republic 508 United Kingdom 499 Denmark 500 Austria 506 United States 498 Czech Republic 499 Belgium 505 Denmark 496 France 495 OECD average 501 OECD average 496 OECD average 494 France 499 Czech Republic 493 United Kingdom 494 Denmark 498 Italy 490 Iceland 493 United States 497 Austria 490 Luxembourg 490 Spain 496 Hungary 488 Norway 489 Norway 495 Portugal 488 Portugal 487 Hungary 494 Spain 488 Italy 485 Italy 494 Luxembourg 488 Spain 484 Luxembourg 491 Israel 486 Slovak Republic 482 Portugal 489 Iceland 483 United States 481 Sweden 485 Sweden 483 Sweden 478 Iceland 478 Slovenia 481 Hungary 477 Slovak Republic 471 Greece 477 Israel 466 Israel 470 Turkey 475 Greece 453 Greece 467 Slovak Republic 463 Turkey 448 Turkey 463 Chile 441 Chile 423 Chile 445 Mexico 424 Mexico 413 Mexico 415
Pisa01
36 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
University students
Educ02 and Popu02
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
DK GL FI AX IS NO SE
Per cent of age group 20–39
Educ02 and Popu02
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2000 2006 2013Men Women
Per cent of age group 20–39, the Nordic Region total
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 37
Financial support for students 2015
Educ07
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
DK FI IS NO SE
Grant Loan
Euro per month
PhD graduates 2014
Phdg02. EU28: 2013 data.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
DK FI NO SE EU28Men Women
Per million inhabitants
38 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
R&D staff
Rede04
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
DK FI IS NO SE EU28
2000 2005 2014
Per cent of total employment
Total government expenditure on R&D
Rede01
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
DK FI IS NO SE EU28
2000 2005 2014
Per cent of GDP
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 39
New enterprise creation
Entp02
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
The Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom
USA Australia
Index 2007=100
40
Since 2000 the stock of other media than books has increased between 20 and 80 per cent in the Nordic countries while lending books has decreased between 10 and 20 per cent.
41
Innovation and creativity
42 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY
Patents 2015
Pate01
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
DK FI IS NO SEFiled applications Granted patents
Per million inhabitants
Cultural employment
Cult23
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
DK FI IS NO SE EU28
Per cent of total employment
INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 43
Government expenditure on culture and leisure 2014
Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2009 data. Greenland: 2012 data.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28
Euro per capita
Government expenditure on culture and leisure
Cult20
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
DK FO GL FI NO SE EU28
Index 2006=100
44 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY
Film premieres 2015
Cult05
22%
26%
5%
17%
30%
DK
FI
IS
NO
SE
Share of Nordic film premieres
Film premieres 2015
Cult05
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
DK FO GL FI IS NO SE
National Foreign
Number
INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 45
Theatre visits 2015
Cult15. Iceland and Greenland: 2014 data. Sweden: 2010 data.
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
DK FO GL FI IS NO SE
Visits per 100 inhabitants
46
Life expectancy for women in the region is now 84 years. At the start of the 60s the average life expectancy for women was “only” 74 years.
47
Social services and equality
48 SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY
Gini coefficient
Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2005=2009 data. EU28: Data from 2005 cover only EU27.
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU282005 2014
Risk of poverty 2014
Riop01
0
5
10
15
20
25
DK FI IS NO SE EU27
Single parent with dependent children
Two or more adults with dependent children
Per cent of households
SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY 49
Recipients of social security
Soci12. Faroe Islands: 2013=2011 data. Finland and Norway: 2013=2012 data.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DK FO FI IS NO SE
2000 2005 2010 2013
Per cent of population 18+ years
Social expenditure by financial source 2013
Soex06
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
DK FO FI IS NO SE
Public authorities Employers Insured Other means
Percentage of total expenditure
50 SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY
Gender pay gap (to the benefit of men)
Indic109
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
DK FI IS NO SE EU27
Percentage difference
Candidates elected to the national parliaments (as per most recent election)
Ele03
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EUMen Women
Per cent
SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY 51
Valid votes at the two latest national elections
Ele01
0
20
40
60
80
100
DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EUPrevious election Latest election
Per cent
52
Over the last 5 to 6 years the total number of asylum requests per year in the Nordic countries has varied between 45,000 and 75,000.
53
Trust and transparency
54 TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY
Emigration from the Nordic Region 2015
Migr02. Finland: 2014 data.
27%
6%
25%4%
9%
1%
10%
18%Intra‐Nordic
Poland and the Baltic countries
Other EEA
Other Europe
America
Africa
Asia
Other
Immigration to the Nordic Region 2015
Migr01
13%
11%
22%
7%6%
9%
29%
3%Intra‐Nordic
Poland and the Baltic countries
Other EEA
Other Europe
America
Africa
Asia
Other
TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY 55
Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region
Migr04
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Requests Grants
Asylum requests in the Nordic countries 2015
Migr04
4%2%
0%
12%
82%
DK
FI
IS
NO
SE
Share of requests
56 TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY
Unaccompanied children seeking asylum
Migr05
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
NR EU28 (excl. DK, FI and SE)
Number of requests
TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY 57
58
About one fifth of the foreign trade in the Nordic countries is trade with other Nordic countries.
59
Economy
60
KEY FIGURES 2015*
Economy
Unemployment(per cent)
DENMARK 6.3
FINLAND 9.6
ICELAND 4.2
NORWAY 4.5
SWEDEN 7.6
: Key01. * 2015 or latest available figures. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.
61
Balance of payments(surplus per cent of GDP)
Interest rate(per cent)
Public sector surplus(per cent of GDP)
Inflation(2014–2015, per cent)
Economic growth(per cent)
1.2
7.0
0.7
-2.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
-2.7
-0.2
4.0
4.2
6.3
-0.5
0.3
1.6
8.7
1.6
5.7
2.0
4.1
5.8
0.7
0.0
0.7
62 ECONOMY
GDP per capita
Indic102 and Popu02. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices between the countries.
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
The Nordic Region EU28
PPS/euro
Indic102 and Popu02. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices between the countries.
19,000
24,000
29,000
34,000
39,000
44,000
49,000
DK FI AX IS NO SE EU28
PPS/euro
ECONOMY 63
GDP – real annual growth
Indic401. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.
‐6
‐4
‐2
0
2
4
6
The Nordic Region EA19
Per cent
GDP – real annual growth
Indic401. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.
‐10
‐5
0
5
10
15
DK FI IS NO SE EA19
Per cent
64 ECONOMY
Trade balance of goods – export minus import
Fotr49 and Naac01
‐20
‐15
‐10
‐5
0
5
10
15
201995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
DK FI IS NO SE
Per cent of GDP
Trade between the Nordic countries
Fotr44
8101214161820222426
DK FI IS NO SE
Per cent of total export
ECONOMY 65
Trade between the Nordic countries
Fotr43
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
DK FI IS NO SE
Per cent of total imports
66 ECONOMY
ECONOMY 67
Nordic Council of MinistersVed Stranden 18DK-1061 Copenhagen Kwww.norden.org
Nordic Statistics 2016This pocket edition provides only a small selection of data from Nordic Statistics. Visit www.norden.org/facts for more data and statistics about the Nordic Region and the Nordic countries.
ANP 2016:761ISBN 978-92-893-4692-4 (PRINT)ISBN 978-92-893-4693-1 (PDF)ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE)ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)