Nordic Statistics 2017 - DiVA portal1146911/FULLTEXT05.pdf · Nordic co-operation has firm...

NordicStatistics 2017

2

KolofonNordic Statistics 2017

Ed: Klaus Munch Haagensen, Statistics DenmarkUlla Agerskov, Nordic Council of MinistersDatabase: Troels A. Vestergaard, Statistics Denmark

ANP 2017:748 ISBN 978-92-893-5100-3 (PRINT)ISBN 978-92-893-5101-0 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-893-5102-7 (EPUB)ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE)ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2017-748

© Nordic Council of Ministers 2017

Layout: Mette Agger TangPrint: Arco SpecialtrykkerietPrinted in Denmark

NO

RDIC

SWAN ECOLABE

L

PR

INTED MATTER 541

-618

Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Shared Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive.

http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2017-748

3

Nordic Statistics 2017

4

More statistics on www.norden.org/facts

http://www.norden.org/facts

5

Preface

Although small individually, the importance of the Nordic countries as a group is considerable. Did you know that the combined gross domestic product of the Nordic Region makes it the world’s twelfth largest economy? Or even that the Nordic Region is bigger than the whole of India, making it the seventh largest landmass in the world?

This pocket edition of Nordic Statistics 2017 offers a glimpse into the data that helps to paint a picture of our Nordic society – for example, that every resident of Iceland visits the theatre twice as often as those living in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

For more information on this data, please visit www.norden.org/facts for links to Nordic Statistics and for more data that opens the door to countless fascinating analyses.

Happy reading!

http://www.norden.org/facts

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Symbols Nil -Less than half 0Not applicable .Data not available ..Link to database :

Country codesDenmark DKFaroe Islands FOGreenland GLFinland FIÅland AXIceland ISNorway NOSweden SENordic Region NREuro area EAThe European Union EU

7

Contents / themes

The Nordics ....................................................................................8The Nordic Region in an international context .................. 10 Nordic green ................................................................................ 16Gender, business and work...................................................... 24Nordic welfare ............................................................................ 30Children and young people ...................................................... 38Innovation and creativity ......................................................... 48Economy ...................................................................................... 56

8

Sweden Area km2 447,435Population 9,995,153Status Constitutional monarchyHead of state King Carl XVI GustavCapital population 2,269,060 (Stockholm)

DenmarkArea km2 42,926 Population 5,748,769Status Constitutional monarchy Head of state Queen Margrethe IICapital population 1,295,686 (Copenhagen)

Greenland Area km2 2,166,086Population 55,860Status Home rule within the Kingdom of DenmarkHead of state Queen Margrethe IICapital population 17,600 (Nuuk)

Faroe IslandsArea km2 1,396Population 49,864Status Home rule within the Kingdom of DenmarkHead of state Queen Margrethe II Capital population 20,885 (Tórshavn)

The Nordics

9

FinlandArea km2 338 430Population 5,503,297Status RepublicHead of state President Sauli NiinistöCapital population 1,138,502 (Helsinki)

IcelandArea km2 103,492Population 338,349Status RepublicHead of state President Guðni JóhannessonCapital population 216,878 (Reykjavik)

Åland Area km2 1,581Population 29,214Status Home rule within the Republic of FinlandHead of state President Sauli Niinistö Capital population 11,565 (Mariehamn)

Norway Area km2 323,781Population 5,258,317Status Constitutional monarchyHead of state King Harald V Capital population 1,281,127 (Oslo)

10 ECONOMY

KEY FIGURES 2016*

The Nordic Regionin an international context

*2016 or most recent accessible data. In this table, the Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Purchasing power standards (PPS) are designed to eliminate differences in price levels between the member states.

10

ECONOMY 11

EUNORDIC REGION

USJAPAN

7.2% 24.0% 11.6% 16.9%

Land use

FOREST AREA

ARABLE LAND

9,8323784,3071,138

56.4% 37.6% 68.5% 33.9%

TOTAL LAND AREA1,000 KM2

11

2

12 ECONOMY

Population million

NORDIC REGION 27EU 510JAPAN 127UNITED STATES 321

NORDIC REGION 17

EU 118

JAPAN 348

UNITED STATES 35

Densityinhabitants/km²

ECONOMY 13

EUTHE NORDIC REGION

USJAPAN

1.91.41.61.8

1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8EUNORDIC REGION USJAPAN

Total fertility rate

Total fertility rate

Life expectancyYears

75 80 85 90

Women

75 80 85 90

Men

THE NORDIC REGION EU JAPAN US

Life expectancyyears

● US, 76.4 ● EU, 77.9 ● NORDIC REGION, 79.8 ● JAPAN, 80.8

● US, 81.2 ● EU, 83.3 ● NORDIC REGION, 83.8 ● JAPAN, 87.1

14 ECONOMY

EUNORDIC REGION

USJAPAN

2.0 1.9 1.0 1.6

GDP

GDP PER CAPITAPPS, USD

GDP GROWTH%

18,5695,28719,9041,362

50,693 38,918 40,737 56,066

TOTAL GDP BILLION PPS, USD

ECONOMY 15

NORDIC EU JAPAN US REGION

USEU

Taxes% of GDP

NORDIC REGION

JAPAN

42 37 32 26

2,27

3

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

423

2,01

6

622

627

1,51

0

365

1,85

9

Exports / importsbillion USD

16

Since 2000, the Nordic economies have grown 28% and CO2 emissions have fallen by 18%.

PHO

TO: S

CA

NPI

X

17

Nordic green

18 NORDIC GREEN

Nordic Green

Average temperature in the Nordic capitals

Temp01. Iceland: 1997–2016.

‐2

0

2

4

6

8

10

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SEAverage 1961–1990 Average 1990–2016

Celsius

Greenhouse gas emissions, per capita

Emis11 and Popu02

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

DK FI IS NO SE NR EU281990 2000 2015

CO2 equivalents, tonnes

Decoupling environmental impact from economic growth

Emis11 and Naac01

80

90

100

110

120

130

GDP Greenhouse gas emissions

Nordic Region2000=100

+ 28 %

- 18 %


Emis11 and Naac01

80

90

100

110

120

130


2000=100 EU28

+ 21 %

- 16 %

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/temp01

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/Emis11

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/popu02

NORDIC GREEN 19

Nordic Green

Average temperature in the Nordic capitals

Temp01. Iceland: 1997–2016.

‐2

0

2

4

6

8

10

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SEAverage 1961–1990 Average 1990–2016

Celsius

Greenhouse gas emissions, per capita

Emis11 and Popu02

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

DK FI IS NO SE NR EU281990 2000 2015

CO2 equivalents, tonnes


Emis11 and Naac01

80

90

100

110

120

130


Nordic Region2000=100

+ 28 %

- 18 %


Emis11 and Naac01

80

90

100

110

120

130


2000=100 EU28

+ 21 %

- 16 %


http://www.dst.dk/norddb/Naac01


http://www.dst.dk/norddb/Naac01

20 NORDIC GREEN

Renewable Energy 2015% gross final energy consumption

DA FI IS NO SE EU

30.8

39.3

70.2

69.4

53.9

16.7

20 NORDIC GREEN

NORDIC GREEN 21

Biomass and renewable

waste

DenmarkGreenlandFinlandIcelandNorwaySwedenNordic totalEU28

Solar energy


Windpower


Hydro power


Renewable Energy 2015% total gross energy consumption

Geothermal energy

Denmark

0% 100%

GreenlandFinlandIcelandNorwaySwedenNordic totalEU28

22 NORDIC GREEN

Environmental taxes

Envtx01

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Nordic Region2005

Nordic Region2015

EU282005

EU282015

Energy taxes Transport taxes Pollution and resource taxes

% of total taxes

Gross domestic energy consumption by source 2015

Ener05

7%

29%

8%16%

40%

0%

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear power

Renewable energy

Other

Nordic Region


Ener05

16%

34%22%

14%

13%

1%

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear power

Renewable energy

Other

EU28

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/Ener05

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/Ener05

NORDIC GREEN 23

Environmental taxes

Envtx01

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Nordic Region2005

Nordic Region2015

EU282005

EU282015

Energy taxes Transport taxes Pollution and resource taxes

% of total taxes


Ener05

7%

29%

8%16%

40%

0%

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear power

Renewable energy

Other

Nordic Region


Ener05

16%

34%22%

14%

13%

1%

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear power

Renewable energy

Other

EU28

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/Envtx01

24

In the Nordic Region, 7 out of 10 women are in work. The comparable figure for the EU is 5 out of 10.

PHO

TO: U

NS

PLA

SH

25

Gender, business and work

26 GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK

Unemployment rates 2016

Work02. Greenland and Åland: 2015.

0

2

4

6

8

10

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28Men Women

% of age group 15–64

54%46%

Men

Women

EU28

All employed by gender 2016

Work02

52%48%

Men

Women

Nordic Region


Employment rates 2016

Work02. Greenland: 2014. Åland: 2015.

0

20

40

60

80

100



http://www.dst.dk/norddb/work02


GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK 27

54%46%

Men

Women

EU28

All employed by gender 2016

Work02

52%48%

Men

Women

Nordic Region


Employment rates 2016

Work02. Greenland: 2014. Åland: 2015.

0

20

40

60

80

100



Gender wage gap%

NORDIC REGION

EU28

15.3 16.3


28 GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK

Board members of larger publicly listed companies 2015

Labo08

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

Women Men

%

Proportion of employed who are also employers 2015

Labo09

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

DK FI IS NO SEWomen Men

%

Parental leave

Soci04

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

DK FI IS NO SE

2000 2015

% of total days taken by men

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/labo08

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/labo09

GENDER, BUSINESS AND WORK 29

DENMARK FINLAND ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN

10 11 30 21 27

Share of parental leave taken by fathers%

Board members of larger publicly listed companies 2015

Labo08

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

Women Men

%

Proportion of employed who are also employers 2015

Labo09

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

DK FI IS NO SEWomen Men

%

Parental leave

Soci04

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

DK FI IS NO SE

2000 2015

% of total days taken by men

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/soci04

30

Average life expectancy for women has risen from 74 in the 1960s to 84 now.

PHO

TO: N

OR

DE

N.O

RG

/ Y

AD

ID L

EV

Y

31

Nordic welfare

32 NORDIC WELFARE

Nordic welfare

Gini coefficient

Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2009 and 2014. Åland: 2014.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU282005 2015

Risk of poverty 2016

Riop01. Iceland and EU28: 2015.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

Single parent with dependent children

Two or more adults with dependent children

% of households

Recipients of financial social assistance

Soci12. Finland: 2015=2014.

0

1

2

3

4

DK FO FI IS NO SE

2005 2010 2015

% of population aged 18+

Social expenditure by source 2014

Soex06

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FO FI IS NO SE

Public authorities Employers Insured Other means

% of total expenditure

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/gini01

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/riop01

NORDIC WELFARE 33

Nordic welfare

Gini coefficient

Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2009 and 2014. Åland: 2014.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU282005 2015

Risk of poverty 2016

Riop01. Iceland and EU28: 2015.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

Single parent with dependent children

Two or more adults with dependent children

% of households

Recipients of financial social assistance

Soci12. Finland: 2015=2014.

0

1

2

3

4

DK FO FI IS NO SE

2005 2010 2015

% of population aged 18+

Social expenditure by source 2014

Soex06

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FO FI IS NO SE

Public authorities Employers Insured Other means

% of total expenditure

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/soci12

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/soex06

34 NORDIC WELFARE

Elderly population (aged 65+)

Popu06

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055

DK FO GL FI AX

IS NO SE EU28

% of total population

Number of deaths from cancer 2014

Heal03

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE

Men Women

Per 100,000

Total fertility rate 2016

Chil02. Greenland: 2015

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28

Life expectancy 2016

Life01. Greenland, Åland and EU28: 2015

66

6870

72

7476

78

80

8284

86


Years


http://www.dst.dk/norddb/heal03

NORDIC WELFARE 35

Elderly population (aged 65+)

Popu06

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055

DK FO GL FI AX

IS NO SE EU28

% of total population

Number of deaths from cancer 2014

Heal03

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


Men Women

Per 100,000

Total fertility rate 2016

Chil02. Greenland: 2015

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28

Life expectancy 2016

Life01. Greenland, Åland and EU28: 2015

66

6870

72

7476

78

80

8284

86


Years

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/chil02

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/life01

36 NORDIC WELFARE

Asylum requests in the Nordic Region 2016

Migr04

24%

11%

2%7%

56%

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

% of total

Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region

Migr04

0

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

Requests Granted

Emigration from the Nordic Region 2016

Migr02

25%

8%

26%4%

9%

2%

10%

16%

Intra‐Nordic

Poland and the Baltic countries

Other EEA

Other Europe

America

Africa

Asia

Other

Immigration to the Nordic Region 2016

Migr01

12%

9%

19%

8%5%8%

36%

3%Intra‐Nordic


Other EEA

Other Europe

America

Africa

Asia

Other

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/migr04


NORDIC WELFARE 37

Asylum requests in the Nordic Region 2016

Migr04

24%

11%

2%7%

56%

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

% of total

Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region

Migr04

0

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

Requests Granted

Emigration from the Nordic Region 2016

Migr02

25%

8%

26%4%

9%

2%

10%

16%

Intra‐Nordic


Other EEA

Other Europe

America

Africa

Asia

Other

Immigration to the Nordic Region 2016

Migr01

12%

9%

19%

8%5%8%

36%

3%Intra‐Nordic


Other EEA

Other Europe

America

Africa

Asia

Other



38

Nordic schoolchildren score above average in the PISA rankings for reading, mathematics and natural science.

PHO

TO: S

CA

NPI

X

39

Children and young people

40 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE


Children in day care aged 3–5

Chil03. Denmark: 2014. Finland and Iceland: 2015.

0

20

40

60

80

100


2005 2016

% of age group

Most popular names – newborn 2016

SofiaNivi

AnnaSofiaAlice

EmiliaNoraAlice

NoahInuk

BenjaminOnniLeonAron

WilliamOscar

DENMARK

GREENLAND

FAROE ISLANDS

FINLAND

ÅLAND

ICELAND (2015)

NORWAY

SWEDEN

Increase in annual equivalised income from 2005 to 2015

Inco02

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

DK FI IS NO SE

Total, all household types

Single person with dependent children

% increase

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 41


Children in day care aged 3–5

Chil03. Denmark: 2014. Finland and Iceland: 2015.

0

20

40

60

80

100


2005 2016

% of age group

Increase in annual equivalised income from 2005 to 2015

Inco02

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

DK FI IS NO SE

Total, all household types

Single person with dependent children

% increase

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/chil03

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/inco02


Student performance by literacy, PISA 2015

Reading literacy Mathematical literacy Scientific literacy

Canada 527 Japan 532 Japan 538 Finland 526 Korea, Republic of 524 Estonia 534 Ireland 521 Switzerland 521 Finland 531 Estonia 519 Estonia 520 Canada 528 Korea, Republic of 517 Canada 516 Korea, Republic of 516 Japan 516 Netherlands 512 Slovenia 513 Norway 513 Finland 511 New Zealand 513 Germany 509 Denmark 511 Australia 510 New Zealand 509 Slovenia 510 Netherlands 509 Poland 506 Belgium 507 Germany 509 Slovenia 505 Germany 506 United Kingdom 509 Australia 503 Ireland 504 Switzerland 506 Netherlands 503 Poland 504 Ireland 503 Denmark 500 Norway 502 Denmark 502 Sweden 500 Austria 497 Belgium 502 Belgium 499 New Zealand 495 Poland 501 France 499 Australia 494 Portugal 501 Portugal 498 Sweden 494 Norway 498 United Kingdom 498 France 493 United States 496 United States 497 Portugal 492 Austria 495 Spain 496 United Kingdom 492 France 495 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 492 Sweden 493 Switzerland 492 OECD average 490 Czech Republic 493 Latvia 488 Italy 490 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 487 Iceland 488 Spain 493 Austria 485 Spain 486 Latvia 490 Italy 485 Luxembourg 486 Luxembourg 483 Iceland 482 Latvia 482 Italy 481 Luxembourg 481 Faroe Islands 482 Hungary 477 Israel 479 Hungary 477 Iceland 473 Faroe Islands 470 Slovak Republic 475 Israel 467 Hungary 470 United States 470 Slovak Republic 461 Greece 467 Israel 470 Greece 455 Chile 459 Greece 454 Chile 447 Slovak Republic 453 Chile 423 Faroe Islands 446 Turkey 428 Turkey 420 Turkey 425 Mexico 423 Mexico 408 Mexico 416

Pisa01

Student performanceby literacy, PISA 2015

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/pisa01


MATHEMATICS

SCIENCE

OECD AVERAGE

493

PISA 2015

500 526 482 513 500

DENMARK

OECD AVERAGE

OECD AVERAGE

FINLAND ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN

511 511 488 502 494

502 531 473 498 493

READING

493

490

Student performance by literacy, PISA 2015

Reading literacy Mathematical literacy Scientific literacy

Canada 527 Japan 532 Japan 538 Finland 526 Korea, Republic of 524 Estonia 534 Ireland 521 Switzerland 521 Finland 531 Estonia 519 Estonia 520 Canada 528 Korea, Republic of 517 Canada 516 Korea, Republic of 516 Japan 516 Netherlands 512 Slovenia 513 Norway 513 Finland 511 New Zealand 513 Germany 509 Denmark 511 Australia 510 New Zealand 509 Slovenia 510 Netherlands 509 Poland 506 Belgium 507 Germany 509 Slovenia 505 Germany 506 United Kingdom 509 Australia 503 Ireland 504 Switzerland 506 Netherlands 503 Poland 504 Ireland 503 Denmark 500 Norway 502 Denmark 502 Sweden 500 Austria 497 Belgium 502 Belgium 499 New Zealand 495 Poland 501 France 499 Australia 494 Portugal 501 Portugal 498 Sweden 494 Norway 498 United Kingdom 498 France 493 United States 496 United States 497 Portugal 492 Austria 495 Spain 496 United Kingdom 492 France 495 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 492 Sweden 493 Switzerland 492 OECD average 490 Czech Republic 493 Latvia 488 Italy 490 OECD average 493 Czech Republic 487 Iceland 488 Spain 493 Austria 485 Spain 486 Latvia 490 Italy 485 Luxembourg 486 Luxembourg 483 Iceland 482 Latvia 482 Italy 481 Luxembourg 481 Faroe Islands 482 Hungary 477 Israel 479 Hungary 477 Iceland 473 Faroe Islands 470 Slovak Republic 475 Israel 467 Hungary 470 United States 470 Slovak Republic 461 Greece 467 Israel 470 Greece 455 Chile 459 Greece 454 Chile 447 Slovak Republic 453 Chile 423 Faroe Islands 446 Turkey 428 Turkey 420 Turkey 425 Mexico 423 Mexico 408 Mexico 416

Pisa01


Higher education students 2015

Educ02 and Popu02. Greenland: 2012. Åland: Includes only students at Åland University of Applied Sci‐ences. Sweden: 2014.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

DK GL FI AX IS NO SE


Higher education students

Educ02 and Popu02

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2000 2005 2015Men Women

% of age group 20–39, Nordic Region

Nordic students in other Nordic countries 2016

Educ05

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FI AX IS NO SE NR

Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden

%

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/educ02





Higher education students 2015

Educ02 and Popu02. Greenland: 2012. Åland: Includes only students at Åland University of Applied Sci‐ences. Sweden: 2014.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

DK GL FI AX IS NO SE


Higher education students

Educ02 and Popu02

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2000 2005 2015Men Women

% of age group 20–39, Nordic Region

ICELAND

Students abroad % studying in another Nordic country

DENMARK FINLAND NORWAY SWEDEN

24 24 38 21 12

Nordic students in other Nordic countries 2016

Educ05

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FI AX IS NO SE NR

Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden

%



Youth unemployment

Work02

0

5

10

15

20

25

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Nordic Region EU28

2000 2016



48

In all of the Nordic countries, the proportion of employees involved in research and development is higher than in the rest of Europe.

PHO

TO: U

NS

PLA

SH

49

Innovation and creativity

50 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY


R&D staff

Rede04. Iceland: 2000=2003. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001. EU28: 2000=2002.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

2000 2007 2015

% of total employment

Total government expenditure on R&D

Rede01. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

2000 2007 2015

% of GDP

New enterprises

Entp02

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom

USA Australia

Index 2006=100

Patents 2016

Pate01

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

DK FI IS NO SE EU28Patent applications Patents issued

Per million inhabitants

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/rede04

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/rede01

INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 51


R&D staff

Rede04. Iceland: 2000=2003. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001. EU28: 2000=2002.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

2000 2007 2015


Total government expenditure on R&D

Rede01. Norway and Sweden: 2000=2001.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

2000 2007 2015

% of GDP

New enterprises

Entp02

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom

USA Australia

Index 2006=100

Patents 2016

Pate01

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

DK FI IS NO SE EU28Patent applications Patents issued

Per million inhabitants

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/entp02

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/pate01


Employment in the culture sector

Cult23

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DK FI IS NO SE EU28


Public spending on culture and leisure 2015

Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2013. Greenland: 2012.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28

Euros per capita

Public spending on culture and leisure

Cult20

70

90

110

130

150

170

190

210

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DK FO GL FI

IS NO SE EU28

Index 2005=100

Film premières 2016

Cult05

23%

25%

6%

17%

29%

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

% of Nordic total

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/cult23



Employment in the culture sector

Cult23

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DK FI IS NO SE EU28


Public spending on culture and leisure 2015

Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2013. Greenland: 2012.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28

Euros per capita

Public spending on culture and leisure

Cult20

70

90

110

130

150

170

190

210

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DK FO GL FI

IS NO SE EU28

Index 2005=100


Cult05

23%

25%

6%

17%

29%

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

% of Nordic total





Cult05

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DK FO GL FI IS NO SE

National Foreign

Number

Theatre visits 2016

Cult15. Finland: 2015. Iceland: 2014. Sweden: 2010.

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Visits per 100 inhabitants





Cult05

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


National Foreign

Number

Theatre visits 2016

Cult15. Finland: 2015. Iceland: 2014. Sweden: 2010.

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Visits per 100 inhabitants

56

About one fifth of the foreign trade in the Nordic countries is trade with other Nordic countries.

PHO

TO: U

NS

PLA

SH

57

Economy

58

KEY FIGURES 2016

Economy

Unemployment%

DENMARK 6.3

FINLAND 9.0

ICELAND 3.1

NORWAY 4.9

SWEDEN 8.4

ECONOMY

59

Balance of paymentssurplus % of GDP

Interest rate%

Public sector surplus% of GDP

Inflation2015-2016, %

Economic growth%

1.3

8.2

0.3

-0.9

0.3

1.4

-1.1

0.4

-1.9

0.4

7.2

7.9

2.8

12.6

0.8

1.0

4.9

1.3

3.1

3.9

3.3

4.7

0.5

0.9

1.1

ECONOMY

60 ECONOMY

Economy

GDP – real annual growth

Naac02. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

DK FI IS NO SE EA19

%

GDP per capita

Naac04. PPS: Purchasing Power Standard, which eliminates price differences between the countries.

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

DK FI AX IS NO SE EA19

PPS/euros per capita

GDP and food prices 2016

Pric03

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

DK FI IS NO SE EU28GDP Food

EU28=100

House prices

Pric05

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DK FO FI IS NO SE

Index 2000=100

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/naac02


ECONOMY 61

Economy

GDP – real annual growth

Naac02. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

DK FI IS NO SE EA19

%

GDP per capita

Naac04. PPS: Purchasing Power Standard, which eliminates price differences between the countries.

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

DK FI AX IS NO SE EA19

PPS/euros per capita

GDP and food prices 2016

Pric03

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

DK FI IS NO SE EU28GDP Food

EU28=100

House prices

Pric05

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DK FO FI IS NO SE

Index 2000=100

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/pric03

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/pric05

62 ECONOMY

Exports to Nordic countries

Fotr49

79111315171921232527

DK FI IS NO SE

% of total exports

Imports from Nordic countries

Fotr49

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

DK FI IS NO SE

% of total imports

Trade balance of goods – exports minus imports

Fotr49 and Naac01

‐20

‐15

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

DK FI IS NO SE

% of GDP

http://www.dst.dk/norddb/fotr49


ECONOMY 63

Exports to Nordic countries

Fotr49

79111315171921232527

DK FI IS NO SE

% of total exports

Imports from Nordic countries

Fotr49

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

DK FI IS NO SE

% of total imports

Trade balance of goods – exports minus imports

Fotr49 and Naac01

‐20

‐15

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

DK FI IS NO SE

% of GDP



Nordic Council of MinistersNordens HusVed Stranden 18DK-1061 Copenhagen Kwww.norden.org

ANP2017-748 ISBN 978-92-893-5100-3 (PRINT)ISBN 978-92-893-5101-0 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-893-5102-7 (EPUB)ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE)ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)

http://www.norden.org

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