Post on 20-Jun-2015
Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi
MAKING WATER EVERYBODY’S BUSINESSMAKING WATER EVERYBODY’S BUSINESS
JALSWARAJ-JALSWARAJ-
Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi
Once consisted of group of seven islands called Colaba, Mazagaon, Old woman’s Island, Wadala, Mahim, Parel and Matunga – Sion.
Vehar lake Tulsi Lake
Tansa Dam Vaitarna
INCREASE IN POPULATION
3
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 2
IN M
ILLI
ONS
1951
2002
DEMAND, SUPPLY AND GAP
34002900
500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1 2 3
SOURCE : MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF BRIHANMUMBAI
IN M
ILLI
ON L
ITRE
S PE
R DA
Y
PRESENT WATER SOURCE 68
18
455
1044
1365
• BMC has extensive network…
BUT
Distribution is not uniform.
Suburban consumers have to supplement with tankers—spending at least Rs 450 per day
Also quality of tanker water is a major concern.
WHO GETS HOW MUCH…
The amount that goes ‘unaccounted for’…
About 20 to 25 per cent is lost in leakage and pilferage.
GROUNDWATER QUALITY…
SEA WATER INTRUSION – Colaba, Dharvi, Khar, Anderi, Chembur, Malad etc.
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION – Greater mumbai area
( High Nitrate, trace elements like Cu, Cr, Hg etc are found in water)
Source: Central Ground Water Board
FUTURE DEMAND, SUPPLY AND GAP
5400
33552045
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1 2 3
SOURCE : BMC
IN M
ILLI
ON L
ITRE
S PE
R DA
Y
MIDDLE VAITARNA STILL WAITING FOR CLEARENCE
• Only 20 per cent of the water is used for drinking, cooking;
• Over 60 per cent is used for bathing, washing and flushing down the toilet. Important that our water toilets are still 10-12 litres per each pull of the chain.
Literally, water down the drain…...80% potable water ends up as waste-
water
And WASTAGE…FLUSHED down the drain
• Only 24 per cent of the wastewater generated by urban India is treated—Mumbai accounts for 23 per cent of the total amount produced
• The rest 76 per cent is disposed of into WATER BODIES (rivers, lakes etc) untreated
• These water bodies are the water sources for the cities in the down stream
WE ALL LIVE DOWNSTREAM
• Water is cheapest in Delhi. 35 per KL as compared to production cost of Rs 6-7 per Kl.
• Mumbai is in a better position, the cost for domestic supply is Rs 2.25 per KL and the production cost is Rs 5.74 per KL
• In Indore the cost for domestic 2.00 per KL and the production cost is Rs 9.50 KL.
• Bangalore charges Rs 5-60 per KL and the production cost is Rs 13 per KL.
But, strangely the supply is almost FREE
Area – 437 sq kmts
Annual avg .rainfall – 2000 mm
Potential - 2394.52 MLD
Present water supply = 2900 MLD
Options:Storage;recycling; and recharge
Even if we assume 70 % of the area to be developed, 50 % of it to be roofed and we collect 70 % of the water falling over it, the quantity of rainwater that can be harvested works out to 589.34 MLD. This is a sizeable quantity compared to water supply to Mumbai. It may also be reminded that the Middle Vaitarna project is for 455 MLD.
WATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL OF MUMBAI
SUCCESS STORIES IN MUMBAI…
BEST BUS DEPOT
TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
• Reclaimed land and threat of salinity. Quality of water—of both municipal supply and tankers
• Unequal distribution• Wasteful consumption pattern—leading to
overwithdrawal from sources—heading for urban-rural conflict?
Therefore, overall water management is the order of the day—with RWH as a key component
Basic concerns of a Mumbaikar…
• Create informed public opinion…the ALMs can play a key role here
• Training the real users • Strict legislation
Way AHEAD
• Mumbai Municipal Corporation has made rainwater harvesting (RWH) mandatory to the properties having plot area more than 1000 sq. mts.
• This condition will also be made applicable to existing buildings in near future.
• Recycling has been made compulsory for buildings having centralised A C plants.
• BMC will supply 90 LPCD instead of 135 lpcd to ensure RWH will supplement the gap.
Mumbai
Role of the people..
• None of this will work unless….
The citizens make rainwater harvesting their own business