Status of INO detector R&DStatus of INO detector R&D

B.SatyanarayanaB.Satyanarayana

TIFR, MumbaiTIFR, Mumbai

22B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

INO detector R&D centresINO detector R&D centres

BARC, MumbaiBARC, Mumbai

IITB, MumbaiIITB, Mumbai

SINP & VECC, KolkataSINP & VECC, Kolkata

TIFR, MumbaiTIFR, Mumbai

SummarySummary

33B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Gas mixing systemGas mixing system

44B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Setting up of a muon telescopeSetting up of a muon telescope

55B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Spacers, nozzles and buttonsSpacers, nozzles and buttons

66B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Bakelite RPC fabricationBakelite RPC fabrication

77B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Glass characterisation studiesGlass characterisation studies

88B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Current status and future planCurrent status and future plan

Problem of high dark currents with glass RPCProblem of high dark currents with glass RPC

Trying to make RPCs with bakelite sheets with Trying to make RPCs with bakelite sheets with and without linseed oiland without linseed oil

Will build glass RPCs also in parallelWill build glass RPCs also in parallel

Assembling strip sized scintillator paddles for Assembling strip sized scintillator paddles for setting up telescope and to record efficiencies setting up telescope and to record efficiencies from single RPC stripsfrom single RPC strips

99B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Status of RPC Lab at IITBStatus of RPC Lab at IITB

Lab space obtained and setupLab space obtained and setup

Gas system will arrive early next weekGas system will arrive early next week

Electronic modules, power supplies, materials Electronic modules, power supplies, materials being procuredbeing procured

Basic cosmic ray test setup existsBasic cosmic ray test setup exists

A multi-gap RPC builtA multi-gap RPC built 4 gaps with 375µm spacing4 gaps with 375µm spacing 2mm float glass used2mm float glass used Outer most surfaces coated with graphiteOuter most surfaces coated with graphite

1010B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Work on bakelite chambersWork on bakelite chambersOne Chinese chamber of a ftOne Chinese chamber of a ft22 in area, made using oil-less in area, made using oil-less bakelite sheets, was studiedbakelite sheets, was studiedEfficiency plateau of over 90% recorded, starting at high Efficiency plateau of over 90% recorded, starting at high voltage of about 8KV, in streamer modevoltage of about 8KV, in streamer modeOne chamber of a ftOne chamber of a ft22 in area, was built using Chinese bakelite in area, was built using Chinese bakelite sheetssheetsEfficiency plateau of over 92% recorded, starting at high Efficiency plateau of over 92% recorded, starting at high voltage of about 9.2KV, in streamer modevoltage of about 9.2KV, in streamer modeOne chamber of a ftOne chamber of a ft22 in area, was built using local bakelite in area, was built using local bakelite sheetssheetsChamber draws very high dark currentChamber draws very high dark currentBulk resistivities of local bakelite varieties measuredBulk resistivities of local bakelite varieties measured

Superhylam (Coated with white melamine) Grade P-1001 (Coated with natural colour melamine).

Resistivities of about 1-2Resistivities of about 1-210101111 ΩΩ-cm obtained-cm obtained

1111B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

A sample of measurementsA sample of measurements

1212B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Long-term study of small Long-term study of small chamberschambers

2mm float glass from Japan2mm float glass from JapanTwo chambers of one ftTwo chambers of one ft22 in area in areaOperated in avalanche modeOperated in avalanche mode R134a (CR134a (C22FF44HH22):Iso-butane::95.5%:4.5 by volume):Iso-butane::95.5%:4.5 by volume

Readout by a G-10 based pickup plateReadout by a G-10 based pickup platePreamp gain of 10Preamp gain of 1022Combined efficiency over 93%Combined efficiency over 93%In system for about 18 monthsIn system for about 18 monthsReasonably stable behaviourReasonably stable behaviour

1313B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Long term efficiency monitoringLong term efficiency monitoring

1414B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Import of float glass sheetsImport of float glass sheets

100 sheets from Japan100 sheets from Japan 1 m1 m22 in area in area 2mm thick2mm thick

200 sheets through Opera group, Italy200 sheets through Opera group, Italy 1 m1 m22 in area in area 3mm thick3mm thick Chamfered at the cornersChamfered at the corners Coated with resistive paintCoated with resistive paint

1515B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Current RPC development workCurrent RPC development workSeveral small sized chambers built using the Several small sized chambers built using the Japanese glass and are being tested; they seem to Japanese glass and are being tested; they seem to be doing well till nowbe doing well till nowA couple of 1 mA couple of 1 m22 chambers were also made and are chambers were also made and are under testsunder testsMultiple channel, low noise, high gain, high Multiple channel, low noise, high gain, high bandwidth amplification is a bottle neckbandwidth amplification is a bottle neckSolutions using BARC discrete version boards, Solutions using BARC discrete version boards, cascades, NIM packaged preamplifier don’t seem to cascades, NIM packaged preamplifier don’t seem to work wellwork wellCircuit board for cascaded HMC chips is being Circuit board for cascaded HMC chips is being designed; will be used in prototype detector as welldesigned; will be used in prototype detector as wellSome commercial fast chips are also being tried outSome commercial fast chips are also being tried out

1616B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

New RPC fabrication jigNew RPC fabrication jigNeed for uniform pressure on the glass sheets while Need for uniform pressure on the glass sheets while being glued to the button spacersbeing glued to the button spacersTill now using dead loads distributed through metal Till now using dead loads distributed through metal sheets or wooden boardssheets or wooden boardsWorks fine for small chambers; but unsuitable for Works fine for small chambers; but unsuitable for large area chamberslarge area chambersA pneumatic jig developed to solve this problemA pneumatic jig developed to solve this problem Cover the RPC assembly with a polythene sheet to make a Cover the RPC assembly with a polythene sheet to make a

closed volumeclosed volume Evacuate the volume using a vacuum pump in a closed Evacuate the volume using a vacuum pump in a closed

loop till the epoxy sets inloop till the epoxy sets in

Fabricated a few 1 mFabricated a few 1 m22 chambers successfully chambers successfully

1717B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

RPC mechanicsRPC mechanics

Serves many purposesServes many purposes Good grounding, RF/EMI shieldingGood grounding, RF/EMI shielding Uniform pressure for the entire RPC areaUniform pressure for the entire RPC area Facilitates uniform gas flowFacilitates uniform gas flow Mechanical rigidity and ease of handlingMechanical rigidity and ease of handling Provides elegant method to terminate HV, gas, low voltage Provides elegant method to terminate HV, gas, low voltage

power supplies and signalspower supplies and signals

First prototype, housing discrete preamps inside was First prototype, housing discrete preamps inside was fabricated and being testedfabricated and being tested

Improved version will be used for prototype chamberImproved version will be used for prototype chamber

1818B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Studies on resistive coatingStudies on resistive coating

Consultancy by UDCT, MumbaiConsultancy by UDCT, Mumbai

Preparation of paints by Nerolac, MumbaiPreparation of paints by Nerolac, Mumbai

Coating by Unicoats, MumbaiCoating by Unicoats, Mumbai

Optimisation studies, both in terms of the paint, Optimisation studies, both in terms of the paint, as well as the application are in progressas well as the application are in progress

Application is still a manual process nowApplication is still a manual process now

Long term monitoring of surface resistivity as Long term monitoring of surface resistivity as well as coat quality to be studiedwell as coat quality to be studied

1919B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Spacers, nozzles and buttonsSpacers, nozzles and buttons

• Material: Polycarbonate • Fabricator: Ashwin Plastics, Mumbai• Third and final iteration in progress

2020B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Development of pickup panelsDevelopment of pickup panelsUsing till now, pickup panels barrowed from FermilabUsing till now, pickup panels barrowed from Fermilab

Foam sandwiched between two aluminum foils using heat laminationFoam sandwiched between two aluminum foils using heat lamination One foil segmented to form pickup stripsOne foil segmented to form pickup strips

An Indian company (Multivac) was identified to produce these An Indian company (Multivac) was identified to produce these panels locallypanels locallyMany samples of different materials and geometry fabricated Many samples of different materials and geometry fabricated and tested for characteristic impedance of the strips, dielectric and tested for characteristic impedance of the strips, dielectric constant of the foam, attenuation of the signal through the constant of the foam, attenuation of the signal through the strips etc.strips etc.Specifications of the prototype detector panelsSpecifications of the prototype detector panels

Foam thickness 5 mm Foam thickness 5 mm Foam density 43 kg/mFoam density 43 kg/m33                       Aluminum foil thickness 0.2 mmAluminum foil thickness 0.2 mm

50 panels are in production50 panels are in production

2121B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Mylar sheetsMylar sheets

Used for glass electrode and pickup panel Used for glass electrode and pickup panel isolationisolation

Using till now, mylar sheets barrowed from Using till now, mylar sheets barrowed from FermilabFermilab

Found out that Garfilm EMCL produced by M/s Found out that Garfilm EMCL produced by M/s Garware Polyester Ltd suits our requirement Garware Polyester Ltd suits our requirement wellwell Thickness 100µmThickness 100µm Breakdown voltage 13.5KVBreakdown voltage 13.5KV

2222B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Issues on fast preamplifiersIssues on fast preamplifiersAvalanche charges are a Avalanche charges are a factor of 100 smaller factor of 100 smaller compared to streamerscompared to streamersTypical charges 1pC; Typical charges 1pC; (~1mV across 50(~1mV across 50ΩΩ load) load)Hence the need for external Hence the need for external amplification; typically 50-amplification; typically 50-100100BARC, ED designedBARC, ED designedHMC packages are being HMC packages are being fabricated at BELfabricated at BEL

2323B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Electronics and DAQ for prototypeElectronics and DAQ for prototypeDesign of all components of the data Design of all components of the data acquisition system was completedacquisition system was completedProduction and assembly of nearly all the Production and assembly of nearly all the circuit boards and modules is completedcircuit boards and modules is completedMajor sub-systems were integrated along with Major sub-systems were integrated along with the on-line data acquisition software the on-line data acquisition software successfullysuccessfullyHybrid version of the preamplifiers being Hybrid version of the preamplifiers being fabricated by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), fabricated by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), BengalooruBengalooru

2424B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Software tools and utilitiesSoftware tools and utilities

On-line web portal for monitoring chambers On-line web portal for monitoring chambers under test as well as ambient conditions of the under test as well as ambient conditions of the laboratorieslaboratories

Web based electronic log bookWeb based electronic log book

Web based electronic inventory utilityWeb based electronic inventory utility

Agenda serverAgenda server

All these tools can be scaled up and deployed All these tools can be scaled up and deployed for prototype detector and even for ICALfor prototype detector and even for ICAL

2525B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007B.Satyanarayana, TIFR, Mumbai INO Collaboration Meeting, University of Delhi, March 9-10 2007

Summary and plansSummary and plansProduction of 1 mProduction of 1 m22 chambers using Italian glass chambers using Italian glassProduction of 1 mProduction of 1 m22 chambers using Japanese glass chambers using Japanese glass for prototype detectorfor prototype detectorWork on bakelite versions to continue (at SINP, Work on bakelite versions to continue (at SINP, VECC, BARC etc)VECC, BARC etc)Long term tests and characterisation of large area Long term tests and characterisation of large area chambers to continuechambers to continueFinalisation of various materials, processes and Finalisation of various materials, processes and vendors, RPC mechanics etcvendors, RPC mechanics etcFinal integration of electronics and DAQ for prototype Final integration of electronics and DAQ for prototype detectordetectorNew labs getting equipped; can take up dedicated New labs getting equipped; can take up dedicated and detailed studiesand detailed studies