MotivationMotivation

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• What is Motivation?• Motivation Theories

– Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs– McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

• Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated

OverviewOverview

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MOTIVATION: an impulse, emotion, desire or psychological need acting as incitement to action.

Kanfer’s view: motivation is anything that provides:

Webster’s DefinitionWebster’s Definition

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Direction Intensity Persistence

Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it.

Motivation DefinedMotivation Defined

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MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION IS INTERNALIS INTERNAL

• Begins with need

• Action to address need

• Need satisfied

Motivation’s Three StepsMotivation’s Three Steps

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Motivation ChainMotivation Chain

Motivation DefinedMotivation Defined

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Ability DesireReward

• Psychoanalytic – outside influences affect Motivation

• Behaviorist – behavior modification affects motivation

• Human Relations – allowing more individual authority affects motivation

Psychological Schools of ThoughtPsychological Schools of Thought

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Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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Supervisory Qualities Enhanced by Supervisory Qualities Enhanced by KnowingKnowing

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- A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior

And

- Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

- A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior

And

- Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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• Clothing

• Food

• Shelter

SurvivalSurvival

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Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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SafetySafety

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Physical SafetyPhysical Safety Psychological SafetyPsychological Safety

Home Health Job Retirement

From Harm Insurance Savings

Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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BelongingBelonging

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Love

Acceptance

Approval

Warmth

Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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Esteem - EgoEsteem - Ego

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•Recognition•Worth•Status•Self-respect

Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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Personal Growth

Realizing Potential

Self-Fulfillment

Self-ActualizationSelf-Actualization

ReminderReminder

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- A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior

- Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

- A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior

- Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

McGregor’s Theory X and YMcGregor’s Theory X and Y

McGregor’s Theory XMcGregor’s Theory X

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• People, by nature, don’t like to work

• People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work

• People prefer to be told what to do

• People resist change

• People are gullible and not overly intelligent

McGregor’s Theory XMcGregor’s Theory X

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• Hard Approach

– Coercion

– Tight controls over behavior

• Soft Approach• Satisfying People’s Demands

• Achieving Harmony

McGregor’s Theory XMcGregor’s Theory X

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McGregor’s Theory YMcGregor’s Theory Y

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• People may actively seek work instead of avoiding it

• People prefer participative management

• People prefer setting their own goals

• People seek responsibility

• Theory X– External control

– Hard and soft approach

• Theory Y– Internal or self-

control– Environment

approach– Create

opportunities

McGregor’s Theories: A Comparative SnapshotMcGregor’s Theories: A Comparative Snapshot

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• Start with a goal or mission

• Make the task clear

• Match the people with the task

• Remove the roadblocks

• Give positive feedback

Tips for Keeping Tips for Keeping Subordinates MotivatedSubordinates Motivated

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Tips for Keeping Tips for Keeping Subordinates MotivatedSubordinates Motivated

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• Give more responsibility when appropriate

• Let people work independently

• Recognize achievements / contributions

• Don’t make promises you can’t keep

• Be a good role model

• What is Motivation?• Motivation Theories

– Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs– McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

• Tips for Keeping Subordinates Motivated

SummarySummary

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