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Rdjum` ;6 (1) < Dct. 1;60 NSSH< 1909-272;

Mfssnv` Dp`h Dhjnh` Cdurs`s (MDDCs) bdr Scgddj @iucftndh nh Nhinf< Fivfhtfo`s,

Cgfjj`ho`s fhi Suoo`stndhs bdr Nmpj`m`htftndh^fsg [fuj Sgfrmf

C htrfj Nhstntut db @iucftndhfj Y cghdjdoy, Hftndhfj Cduhcnj db @iucftndhfj Q s frcg fhi Yrfnhnho, H`w I jgn-66;62

 Fr tncj` I`tfnj sSuamnssndh< 1?-;7-1;60

Q -suamnssndh< 3;-;7-1;60

[uajncftndh< 36-6;-1;60

E`y _dris<

 Mfssnv Dp h Dhjnh

Cdurs s, S_F FM, Dp h

@iucftndhfj Q sdurc s,

D@Q, Scgddj @iucftndh,

@iucftndhfj Y cghdjdoy

 Fastrfc t

@iucftndh ns tg afceadh db fhy cduhtry. Nh Nhinf Qnogt td @iucftndh hcdmpfss s tg cdmpuj-

sdry fhi br iucftndh td cgnjir h a tw` h 2 fhi 69 y frs. Aut a cfus db inv rs sdcndjdoncfj, o d-

orfpgncfj fhi pdjntncfj sntuftndh td fcgn v tg tfro t ns bfr brdm r fjnty. _ntg cgfhonho tnm , h w fhi

nhhdvftnv t cghdjdon s mfe nt pdssnaj td spr fi tg s i db iucftndh td uhr fcg i fhi MDDCs

(Mfssnv Dp h Dhjnh Cdurs s) fr dh fmdho tg m. MDDCs gfv vfrndus fivfhtfo s dv r trfin-

tndhfj t fcgnho aut cgfjj honho tdd. Nmpj m htftndh db MDDCs bdr scgddj iucftndh r qunr s t cghncfj

xp rtns fjdho wntg frmy db trfnh rs. MDDCs wnjj prdvni fiintndhfj suppdrt td tg j frh r fs w jj

t fcg r fhi fjsd nh t fcg r trfnhnho prdorfmm s. MDDCs wnjj a mdr a h bncnfj bdr dut db scgddj

cgnjir h fhi nh t cghncfj iucftndh. Yg MDDCs sgduji a nh aj hi i mdi fhi nb Odv rhm ht fidptsfhy strft oy bdr c rtnbncftndh fs pfr wntg r oujfr iucftndh, tg MDDCs wnjj a addh bdr Nhinf. F cdmpr -

g hsnv mdi j bdr MDDCs i jnv ry ns tg h i db tg gdur.

Cdrr`spdhinho Futgdr< yfsgrfnhf;;?Komfnj.cdm

Cntftndh< Sgfrmf, .[. (1;60) Mfssnv Dp h Dhjnh Cdurs s (MDDCs) bdr Scgddj @iucftndh nh Nhinf< Fivfhtfo s, Cgfjj ho s

fhi Suoo stndhs bdr Nmpj m htftndh.Mncrdcdsmds Nht`rhftndhfj Ldurhfjs db Q`s`frcg, 6(1)< 6-0.

Rdj. 6(1), 1;60 F [``r Q`vn`w`i Dp`h-fcc`ss Ldurhfj NSSH 1909-272;

Mncrdhcdsmds Nht`rhftndhfj Ldurhfj db Q`s`frcg(MNLQ)

www.mnlr.dro

1;60

Bno. 6. Cdurt sy db Hftur mfofznh

Nhtrdiuctndh

Cdrr spdhi`hc cdurs s w r tg dhjy mdi db 

instfhc j frhnho prndr td inontfj rf. J`frhnho mft rnfj

nh tg bdrm db gfri cdpn s wfs a nho cnrcujft i fmdho

tg j frh rs fhi tg r wfs gfrijy fhy suppdrt td xtrf

iucftndhfj r sdurc s. @frjy bdrms db syhcgrdhdus fhi

fsyhcgrdhdus m`inum db nhstructndhs jne rfind,

t j pgdh fhi t j vnsndh prdvni xtrf r sdurc suppdrttd tg j frh rs. Gdw v r, instfhc j frhnho wntg rfind

fhi t j vnsndh w r gfvnho inbb r ht jnmntftndhs fhi bjfws.

Nh 16st c htury tg instfhc iucftndh gfs cgfho i

f jdt nh bdrm db dhjnh dr -j frhnho fhi wntg nhcr fsnho

dhjnh pr s hc , dp h j frhnho dppdrtuhntn s, fhi tg

i v jdpm ht db MDDCs (Mfssnv Dp h Dhjnh Cdurs s)

gfs tfe h f onfht j fp. Yg "MDDCs" fr afsncfjjy tg

cdurs s wgncg fr nh dhjnh mdi 5 prdvni 19W? suppdrt

td tg j frh r dh Cdmput r/mdanj dr fhy dtg r sucg

i vnc cdhh ct i wntg nht rh t. Yg s fr "Dp h" tgft

hdrmfjjy r qunr s hd prndr qufjnbncftndhs td nht r tg`

cdurs , cfh a fcc ss i ay fhydh fhi "Mfssnv "

nhcjui s jfro dr v ry jfro huma rs db j frh rs. Yg`t rm "MDDCs" wfs drnonhfjjy cdnh i ay Lfa Cdrmn r 

db tg Phnv rsnty db [rnhc @iwfri Nsjfhi nh 1;;7.

Stftus d b MDDCs nh Nhinf

Yg Dp h fhi Instfhc J frhnho (DIJ) syst m gfs

a``h xp`hi`i nhtd f iyhfmnc fhi vnarfht mdi db