Post on 04-Apr-2018
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Physics Laboratory Safety Precautions
Physics Student Safety Contract
Lab work is the key to progress in science. Therefore, systematic, careful lab
work is an essential part of any science program. In this class, you will practice
some of the same fundamental laboratory procedures and techniques that
experimental physicists use to pursue new knowledge.
The equipment and apparatus you will use involve various safety hazards, just as
they do for working physicists. You must be aware of these hazards. Your
teacher will guide you in properly using the equipment and carrying out the
experiments, but you must also take responsibility for your part in this process.
With the active involvement of you and your teacher, these risks can be
minimized so that working in the physics laboratory can be a safe, enjoyable
process of discovery.
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These safety rules always apply in the lab
1. Always wear a lab apron and safety goggles.
Wear these safety devices whenever you are in the lab, not just when you areworking on an experiment.
2. No contact lenses in the lab.
Contact lenses should not be worn during any investigations using chemicals
(even if you are wearing goggles). In the event of an accident, chemicals can
get behind contact lenses and cause serious damage before the lenses can
be removed. If your doctor requires that you wear contact lenses instead ofglasses, you should wear eye-cup safety goggles in the lab. Ask your doctor
or your teacher how to use this important eye protection.
3. Personal apparel should be appropriate for laboratory work.
On lab days avoid wearing long necklaces, dangling bracelets, bulky jewelry,
and bulky or loose-fitting clothing. Long hair should be tied back.
Loose, dangling items may get caught in moving parts, accidentally contact
electrical connections, or interfere with the investigation in a potentially
hazardous manner. In addition, chemical fumes may react with some jewelry,
such as pearls, and ruin them. Cotton clothing is preferable to wool, nylon, or
polyester. Wear shoes that will protect your feet from chemical spills and
falling objects-open-toed shoes or sandals, and shoes with woven leather
straps are not allowed in the laboratory.
4. NEVER work alone in the laboratory.
Work in the lab only while under the supervision of your teacher. Do not leave
equipment unattended while it is in operation.
5. Only books and notebooks needed for the experiment should be in the
lab.
Only the lab notebook and the textbook should be used. Keep other books,
backpacks, purses, and similar items in your desk, locker, or designated
storage area.
6. Read the entire experiment before entering the lab.
Your teacher will review applicable safety precautions before the lab. If you
are not sure of something, ask your teacher about it.
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7. Always heed safety symbols and cautions written in the experimental
investigations and handouts, posted in the room, and given verbally by
your teacher.
They are provided for your safety.
8. Know the proper fire drill procedures and the location of fire exits and
emergency equipment.
Make sure you know the procedures to follow in case of a fire or an
emergency.
9. If your clothing catches on fire, do not run;
WALK to the safety shower, stand under it, and turn it on.
Call to your teacher while you do this.
10.Report all accidents to the teacher immediately, no matter how minor.
In addition, if you get a headache, feel sick to your stomach, or feel dizzy, tell
your teacher immediately.
11.Report all spills to your teacher immediately.
Call your teacher rather than trying to clean up a spill yourself. Your teacher
will tell you if it is safe for you to clean up the spill; if not, your teacher will
know how the spillshould be cleaned up safely.
12. Student-designed inquiry investigations, such as the Invention Labs
in the Laboratory Experiments manual, must be approved by the teacher
before being attempted by the student.
13. DO NOT perform unauthorized experiments or use materials and
equipment in a manner for which they were not intended .
Use only materials and equipment listed in the activity equipment list or
authorized by your teacher. Steps in a procedure should only be performed
as described in the textbook or lab manual or approved by your teacher.
14. Stay alert in the lab, and proceed with caution .
Be aware of others near you or your equipment when you are performing anexperiment. If you are not sure of how to proceed, ask.
15.Horseplay in the lab is very dangerous.
Laboratory equipment and apparatus are not toys; never play in the lab or
use lab time or equipment for anything other than their intended purpose.
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16.Food, beverages, and chewing gum are NEVER permitted in the
laboratory.
17.NEVER taste chemicals. Do not touch chemicals or allow them to
contact areas of bare skin.
18.Use extreme CAUTION when working with.
Hot plates or other heating devices.
Keep your head, hands, hair, and clothing away from the flame or heating
area, and turn heating devices off when they are not in use. Remember that
metal surfaces connected to the heated area will, become hot by conduction.
Gas burners should be lit only with a spark lighter. Make sure all heating
devices and gas valves are turned off before leaving the laboratory. Never
leave a hot plate or other heating device unattended when it is in use.Remember that many metal, ceramic, and glass items do not always look hot
when they are hot. Allow all items to cool before storing.
19. Exercise caution when working with electrical equipment.
Do not use electrical equipment with frayed or twisted wires. Be sure your
hands are dry before using electrical equipment. Do not let electrical cords
dangle from work stations; dangling cords can cause electrical shocks and
other injuries.
20.Keep work areas and apparatus clean and neat.
Always dean up any clutter made during lab work, rearrange apparatus in an
orderly manner, and report any damaged or missing items.
21. Always thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water at the
conclusion of each investigation.
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Waste Disposal
Never put broken glass or ceramics in a regular waste container. Use a
dustpan, a brush, and heavy gloves to carefully pick up broken pieces,
and dispose of them in a container specifically provided for this purpose.
Dispose of chemicals as instructed by your teacher. Never pour
hazardous chemicals into a regular waste container. Never pour
radioactive materials down the drain.
Heating Safety
When using a burner or hot plate, always wear goggles and an apron to
protect your eyes and clothing. Tie back long hair, secure loose clothing
and remove loose jewelry.
Never leave a hot plate unattended while it is turned on.
Wire coils may heat up rapidly during this experiment. If heating occurs,
open the switch immediately and handle the equipment with a hot mitt.
Allow all equipment to cool before storing it.
If your clothing catches on fire, walk to the emergency lab shower and use
the shower to put out the fire.
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HandSafety
Perform this experiment in a clear area. Attach masses securely. Falling,
dropped, or swinging objects can cause serious injury.
Use a hot mitt to handle resistors, light sources, and other equipment that
may be hot. Allow all equipment to. Cool before storing it.
Glassware Safety
If a thermometer breaks, notify the teacher immediately.
Do not heat glassware that is broken, chipped, or cracked. Use tongs or a
hot mitt to handle heated glassware and other equipment that may be hot.
Allow all equipment to cool before storing it.
If a bulb breaks, notify your teacher immediately.
Do not remove broken bulbs from sockets.
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Electrical Safety
Never dose a circuit until it has been approved by your teacher. Never
rewire or adjust any element of a closed circuit.
Never work with electricity near water. Be sure the floor and all work
surfaces are dry.
If the pointer on any kind of meter moves off scale, open the circuit
immediately by opening the switch.
Do not work with any batteries, electrical devices, or magnets other than
those provided by your teacher.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
SHORT AND SIMPLE RULES
No unauthorized access to Laboratories and Workshops without
supervision
No unauthorized use of equipment
Wear protective gear
Wear only closed toe shoes
No jewelers or loose fitting clothing
Contain long hair and beards
Walk - dont run
If you dont understand - ASK
No food or drink
Read all safety data sheets and labels
Be aware of emergency procedures, exits and emergency buttons
Read and understand any safety signs, instructions and notices. Think before you act.
Clean up as you work to avoid dangerous clutter.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONSIN LABORATORIES AND WORKSHOPS
Construction Laboratories and Workshops are places to experiment, be creative
and use skills and talents to construct models, furniture and other design
prototypes.
However, these activities in the design and development are often unpredictable.
The use of exotic materials, unorthodox use of tools and equipment and a rapid
change in the activities as new design ideas develop and change, sometimes
make it difficult to respect safety regulations.
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Workshop Safety Precaution
THE WRONG TOOL FOR THE JOB
It is sometimes tempting to use available equipment or tools in a way not
originally foreseen or to do some work to which they have not been adapted or
designed for.
All equipment and tools can be used to undertake a variety of tasks but if you
dont know the limits or use it the right way - trouble is just around the corner!
If you have the slightest doubt about the suitability of the operation, ASK advice
from the Technical staff. They will ensure that the necessary precautions are
taken and adequate safety equipment made available or alternative equipment
can be used. Don't think of the safety organisation as being there to stop youfrom doing interesting things, it is there to help you achieve success.
As well as the Laboratory or Workshop where you are working, Technical staff
have access to other resources within the University that can usually carry out
special processes that cannot be handled in Faculty Laboratories and
Workshops.
Consult, ask for advice and help from Technical staff - thats
their job and they want to see how proud you are of the finished
project.
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CLEAN UP YOUR MESS!
It is the responsibility of ALL Laboratory and Workshop users to keep the
surrounding work area clean and tidy at all times and not cluttered with the
materials that you are using for your project.
Areas around machines and walkways are specially marked to prevent
accidents.
Dont block them with materials or obstacles that may restrict access or
emergency evacuation, or simply clutter up the working space and make safe
and efficient working more difficult.
At the end of the session, that magical SOMEONE is supposed to wave a magic
wand to clean up the mess! Technical staff are not employed to clean-up after
you - cleaning equipment is provided and time is usually allocated at the end to
cleandown the benches, machinery and sweep the floor around your work area.
Making a mess when using a workshop is a fact of life. You cant produce a
masterpiece without cutting, sanding, sawing or drilling that special creation.
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IS IT SAFE?
Some materials, solutions and solvents are unsafe when they mix or come into
contact with other substances. They must be used in well ventilated areas and
under fume extraction hoods.
Any materials or solutions that you bring into the Laboratory or Workshop MUST
be shown to the Technical Staff to assess if there is any risk in their use in the
area.
Technical staff provide materials safety data sheets of the common materials
used within the Laboratory or Workshop. Before you decide to try some special
type of material, ASK what safety hazards may be likely and whether special
precautions and processes need to be undertaken.
Verify that all safety equipment that you need for a particular job is present
before starting the activity.
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WHEN THINGS GO WRONG
Even when all the safety precautions are in place, sometimes things go wrong
and emergency procedures must be implemented.
Get to know the work environment, in particular where to find:
fire extinguisher
fire aid kit
emergency stop buttons
telephone and emergency number
emergency exits
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A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING - EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE
Laboratories and Workshops are operated by well organized Technical staffs
who provides multiple sets of tools and equipment for your use.
Leaving a heap of tools lying around on the workbench is inviting a accident to
happen. When you have finished using it - put it back in the rack or cupboard for
others to use and keep your work area uncluttered.
If a tool is broken, blunt, or you break it - tell the Technical staff - they usually
wont "bite you head off", because these things happen all the time as students
are learning and experimenting with new skills.
If a tool it is damaged or unsafe to use, then it isYOUR responsib-ility to inform
them.
Dont just return it to the cupboard, as the next user could be seriously hurt or
injured.
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SAFETY SIGNS
Signs surround us in everyday life to inform us to Go Left, Slow Down, Stop and
a multitude of other instructions.
In Laboratories and Workshops, picture safety signs use universal symbols to:
prevent accidents
signal health hazards
indicate the location of safety, first aid and fire protection equipment
give clear guidance and instruction in emergency procedures
form part of the total safety information system of the area.
Picture safety signs warn of hazards or risks that are present in the workplace
and inform users in the workplace how to avoid that hazard or risks, or its effects.
In addition to the picture signs, many individual machines and processes have
detailed signs explaining "step by step" instructions to use them safely.
Some Laboratories and Workshops provide mandatory signage for students from
non-English speaking backgrounds.
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TYPES OF SAFETY SIGNS AND THEIR MEANING
There are four categories of picture safety signs, distinguished by the color and
shape of the symbol:
1. Circle: white background with red borders and cross bar; black symbol
Meaning: Stop and Prohibition signs
2. Triangle: yellow background with black border; black symbol
Meaning: Caution (warning) signs
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3. Rectangle: green background; white symbol
Meaning: Emergency-related information signs
4. Circle: blue background; white symbol
Meaning: Mandatory (must obey) signs
Engineering Laboratory Equipment Borrowing Procedures
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Introduction
We pride ourselves for having the best and current up to date equipment
available to our students to use in our labs. To keep our equipment in good
working order and available this Engineering Laboratory Equipment Procedure
must be followed by Students, Faculty & Staff of the Westmead International
School of Engineering.
I. Equipment and Supplies
A. Anyone (Student/Staff/Faculty) borrowing Tools\Equipment from any
electronics lab or Laboratory Support room must check in/out with a Laboratory
Support Attendant (KEN234) or record his/her Name, Student ID Number (10
digit phone number) the date & time loaned, the Item ID (Bar Code) and the
item/s borrowed on a YELLOW CARD Form (See Form 1) located in the
Laboratory Support Storeroom.
B. Tools or instruments must be returned on the same day in order to best
assure availability of the limited resources. If the item is needed for a longer time,
approval from the Laboratory Supervisor is required.
C. All tools must be returned to the original storage site after use.
D. Anyone using any components or parts from the lab must return the
components or parts to it original storage bin or drawer. If the items are already
in short supply (only one or two remaining), they are not to be used without firstobtaining approval of the Laboratory Supervisor or Faculty Member. This assures
Stock replenishment.
E. For the safety our Equipment, all doors to the Electronics Laboratory
must be locked at all times and will not be propped open at any time. Access
cards can be obtained with your Instructors permission.
FORM 1, with required fields filled in.
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WESTMEAD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLSCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT OF EQUIPMENTName :____________________ Home Phone :_____________________
Student ID no.:_______________ Work Phone:_____________________Date and Time: ______________________________________________
Name of Equipment/s: ________________________________________Item ID:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DATE/TIME RETURNED TO LAB SUPERVISOR ___________________
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Chemistry Laboratory Safety Precautions
GENERAL SAFETY RULES
KNOW THE LOCATIONS OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND LEARN HOWTO USE THEM.
Know the locations of the eyewash fountain, safety shower, fire blanket,
and the fire extinguisher nearest to your laboratory bench. Be sure to know how
to use this safety equipment. Your action during an emergency might prevent a
classmate from serious injury.
WEAR SAFETY GLASSES AT ALL TIMES IN THE LABORATORY.
Goggles are required to be worn at all times! Goggles are available to be
worn over prescription glasses. Wearers of contact lenses are discouraged from
wearing these lenses during the lab. Goggles designed for contact wearers is
necessary.
WEAR SENSIBLE CLOTHING.
In the laboratory, sensible clothing includes shoes that fully cover the feet;
sandals and clogs are not adequate. Shoes provide a great deal of initial
protection in the case of dropped containers, spilled chemicals, and unseen
hazards on the floor. Sensible clothing also includes old clothes, which are not
too loose, especially at the sleeves. Laboratory coats or aprons are even more
satisfactory. All extra clothing should be kept off the laboratory bench. Tie back
long hair so that it will not fall into flames or chemicals. Do not wear synthetics if
possible as they burn readily.
NEVER WORK ALONE IN THE LABORATORY
All work must be performed under the supervision of a laboratory
instructor/demonstrator. The instructor should be aware of the exact nature of all
work being done in the laboratory.
DO NOT PERFORM ANY UNAUTHORIZED EXPERIMENTS.
Do only the experiment, which has been assigned by the laboratory
instructor. Never do any unauthorized experiment in place of the one assigned by
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the instructor. Do not change the designated procedure without the advice of the
instructor.
KNOW EXACTLY WHAT YOU ARE TO DO.
Occasionally incomplete directions or a misunderstanding of
instruction causes accidents. Whenever you are in doubt, ask your instructor.
THINK ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE DOING AND WHY YOU ARE DOING IT AT
ALLTIMES.
DO NOT start any experiment involving the use of an experimental set-up
(apparatus) until it has been checked and approved by your laboratory instructor
unless otherwise instructed.
DO NOT EAT, DRINK OR SMOKE IN THE LABORATORY.
For safety purposes, assume all chemicals to be poisonous either by
themselves or because of impurities. Also avoid direct contact with organic
chemicals. Many are absorbed directly through the skin.
KEEP THE LABORATORY CLEAN AT ALL TIMES.
Any chemical spilled on your skin or your clothing, should be washed
immediately and thoroughly. If a solution, a solid or liquid chemical is spilled on
the bench or on the laboratory floor, clean up the spill immediately. Notify the
laboratory instructor of the spill. When leaving the laboratory, wipe the bench top
thoroughly. Make sure that your work area is clean and free of spilled chemicals
or scraps of paper. Wash your hands with soap and water.
DISPOSE OF WASTE AND EXCESS MATERIALS IN THE PROPER MANNER.
Used matches, paper, broken glass, or porcelain ware should be placed in
the appropriate containers but not in the sinks or cup sinks. If you have any
questions concerning the waste disposal, ask your instructor for the proper
procedure.
USE THE FUME HOOD WHEN NECESSARY.
Use the fume hood when you are so directed by the laboratory instructor,
or when it is indicated to do son on the experimental procedure. Fume hoods
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remove toxic vapors and irritating odors from the laboratory. The removal of
these materials is essential for protecting the health and safety of those people
working in the laboratory.
LIGHT BURNERS ONLY WHEN NEEDED.
Properly extinguish any flame not being used. Any open flame may ignite
reagents being used by you or others near you. Many organic liquids are highly
flammable and these liquids should be heated only on hot plates or heating
mantles.
NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY.
Never look directly into the mouth of an open flask or test tube if it
contains a reaction mixture.
AVOID TOUCHING HOT OBJECTS.
When heating a chemical in a container, the clamp holding the container
and the burner will also become hot. Place the object on a piece of asbestos
board or on wire gauze, which is not directly touching the bench top. Glass
objects take a long time to cool, so allow plenty of time to cool before touching
them.
USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN INSERTING GLASS INTO STOPPERS.
Be very careful when inserting glass tubing, glass rods, thermometers,
funnels, or thistle tubes into rubber stoppers or corks. Protect your hands by
holding the glass and stopper with a cloth towel or multiple layers of paper
towels. Always lubricate the glass surface with water or glycerol.
USE ONLY EQUIPMENT, WHICH IS IN GOOD CONDITION.
Defective equipment is an important source of accidents. Some
defects to watch for include:
a. chipped tips on burets, pipets, and funnels.
b. chipped or broken rims on beakers, flasks, funnels, graduated cylinders andtest tubes.
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c. cracks in beakers, flasks, graduated cylinders, test tubes and crucibles.
d. star-shaped breaks in the bottom of test tubes or near the bottom edges ofbeakers and flasks.
e. severe scratches in the bottom of beakers, flasks, and test tubes.
f. sharp edges on glass tubing and glass rods.
g. inflexibility in rubber stoppers.
h. separations in the mercury column of thermometers.
i. non-working parts of screw clamps, buret clamps or rings.
REPORT ALL ACCIDENTS TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR PROMPTLY!
Report to the laboratory instructor immediately all accidents that cause
injury, no matter how minor the injury might seem.
GLOVES
Glove Types and Removal Gloves should be selected on the basis of the
material being handled and the particular hazard involved. Glove manufacturers
and the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) accompanying products in use are
good sources of specific glove selection information.
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Westmead International School
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Safety Precautions for:
Physics Laboratory, Chemistry Laboratory, Workshop
And also the
Procedure for borrowing tools / Chemicals
Maria May M. Atole
BSME 421
February 2011