Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production system - creating target environments for rice...

Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production systems

Characterization of target environments

Sander ZwartGIS / remote sensing / water resources

STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin

Presentation outline

1. Introduction to spatial analysis at AfricaRice + link to STRASA

2. Advances and goals for abiotics stress mapping

3. Partnerships and way forward

Spatial analysis at AfricaRice

AfricaRice GIS unit:

• Started in 2010• Basically started from scratch• Currently 1 researcher, 1 PDF, 3 research

assistants

Research priorities at AfricaRice GIS unit:

1. Mapping rice and rice ecologies (upland/lowland/mangrove/deep water)

2. Mapping the potential for rice development

3. Mapping biotic and abiotic stresses in rice production systems (current and under climate change)

Objective #6: Scaling up Seed Multiplication, Dissemination, Varietal Tracking & Impact assessment

AC6.2 Map rice producing areas affected by single and multiple abiotic stresses

AC6.2.1 identification of new extrapolation domains for wet and dry seasons in SSA for expansion of rice areas using the newly developed single and multiple stress tolerant varieties (STRVs)

AC6.2.2 Identify areas affected by multiple stresses (flash flood+ stagnant flood; flash flood + drought; flash flood + salinity) using remote sensing, GIS and ground truthing and shared with agriculture departments, marketing and other agencies involved in seed dissemination

Major on-going activities at AfricaRice

• Mapping rice using radar satellite images• Mapping inland valley / lowland systems using

Digitial Elevation Models• Mappping potential for development of rice

systems in inland valley systems• Mapping abiotic stresses in rice production

systems

Mapping rice using so-called radar satellite images

Cases studies:• Irrigated rice in Senegal • Rainfed rice in Benin

Next years expanding to other parts of Africa.

Rice classification:

The rice classified areas are shown in pink colour; they are draped over the previous RGB colour composite.

Location of the validation points:

Green pentagons represent land cover other than rice.Yellow dots represent rice crops.

Dagana

Mapping rice inland valley systems using digital elevation models:

• Benin, Togo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso

• West-Africa validated country maps and statistics by 2018

Spatial analysis – Mapping inland valleys

Remote Sensing – Beyond Images14-15 December 2013, Mexico City

Presentation outline

1. Introduction to spatial analysis at AfricaRice + link to STRASA

2. Advances and goals for abiotics stress mapping

3. Partnerships and way forward

Abiotic stress mapping

Drought

Cold / heat stresses

Submergence

Salinity

Iron toxicity

Options for mapping: survey results or spatial analysis results using remote sensing and GIS?

Drought

Submergence

Salinity

Iron toxicity

Requires meteorological data from stations and remote sensing:• Temperature (minimum / maximum)• Precipitation• Evapotranspiration

Preparation of inputs: meteorological data bases

- Collecting daily measurements of 300 stations and creating data base (finished)

- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data basefrom IRRI (finished)

- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data base from IRRI (finished)

- Downloading / importing / validating of remote sensing products of precipitation and evapotranpiration (on-going)

- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data base from IRRI (finished)

- Downloading / importing / validating of remote sensing products of precipitation and evapotranpiration (on-going)

Preparation of inputs: rice growing seasons

Where and when is rice growing?

Crop phenology (windows for planting / vegetative stage / harvest)

Preparation of inputs: rice growing seasons

Where and when is rice growing?

Crop phenology (planting / vegetative / harvest)

Peak of planting date(Julian day)

Data sources:• spatial data base of minimum and maximum

temperature (NASA/Power)• General growing seasons of rice

Tmax > 35 °C for 10 days during this period

Daytime heat stress

Nighttime heat stress

VegetativeVegetative ReproductiveReproductive RipeningRipening

Tmin > 25 °C for 15 days during this period

Heat stressThresholds, duration and critical rice growth stage

• 35oC threshold of air temperature is valid for humid climates

• In dry, Sahelian climates not valid due transpirational cooling of the plants

• New model is being developed incorporating relative humidity to derive spikelet temperature

Submergence

• Sub1 gene allows plants to be subermegent up to two weeks without yields loss

• Type of floods: stagnant floods or flash floods of several days up to two weeks

• Requires characterization of flood events in lowland ecology

Submergence

Tools, simple hydrological model that can assess submergence events based on:• Digital elevation model• Lowland area • Precipitation from remote sensing

Submergence

IHAS hydrological

Digital ElevationModel

Lowland areas

Floods characterized:• Timing of event• Depth• Frequency

precipitation

Salinity – no strategy developed yet

Drought – assessment of exisiting drought indicators and use similar approach as temperature stress mapping (growing season, spatial data, assess frequency of drought over last 30 years)

Way forward

• Many efforts have been made on preparation of input data, not yet on mapping the stresses

• Limited human and financial resources

• (already) strong collaboration with IRRI’s GIS lab will be intensified to develop, test and implement common approaches for mapping abiotic stresses

AC6.2.2 Identify areas affected by multiple stresses (flash flood+ stagnant flood; flash flood + drought; flash flood + salinity) using remote sensing, GIS and ground truthing and shared with agriculture departments, marketing and other agencies involved in seed dissemination

Partnerships and way forward

• Webmapping is an option to disseminate maps on occurence and frequency of stresses

• Pro-active approach towards extension services, agricultural departments, farmer organizations, seed producers and sellers to gain interest in the tools and maps that will be developed

Thank you! Merci!

Center of Excellence for Rice Research

Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production system - creating target environments for rice...

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