Post on 05-Dec-2014
description
CREATING LAW WITHOUT
CONTROLLING INFRASTRUCTURE
#FAIL
Mathias “cyborg” Klang
“A CYBORG IS A BEING WITH BOTH BIOLOGICAL AND ARTIFICIAL (E.G. ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL OR ROBOTIC) PARTS. THE TERM WAS COINED IN 1960…”
h3p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg
E>ska Teorier
E>ska Områden/Zoner
A3 förhålla sig >ll mig själv Förhålla sig
>ll andra
Till andra kännande varelser
Icke-‐kännande varelser, ekosystem & Kulturföreteelser mm
Varför behöver Ni e>k
• Teknik snabbare än värderingar, moral, e>k, lag
• Ska vi begränsa teknik (kan vi?)
• Ska vi utveckla e>k (kan vi förhindra det?)
• Som användare, utvecklare & medborgare är ni mi3 i deba3en.
Ethics: a very very
short version
ethnocentrism
Cultural rela>vism
Culture
Human Nature
Good Evil
Choice?
Nurture Nature
absolu>sm
Ethical rela>vism
Social construct
Social Contract
Rousseau Hobbes
U>litarianism
Bentham -‐ Happiness
Teleological ethics
Mill -‐ Good
Rule ethics
Kant
Du>es – not impulses
Categorical impera>ve
Rawls
Rule crea>on
Veil of ignorance
Habermas
Discourse ethics
Computer ethics
• Computer Ethics is the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formula>on and jus>fica>on of policies for the ethical use of such technology
Är teknikutvecklingen oundviklig?
• Teknikdeterminism: tekniska utvecklingen som en självständig, ostyrbar kra_ som styr den övriga samhällsutvecklingen
• Alterna>vt är teknikutvecklingen som en konsekvens av den övriga samhällsutvecklingen.
Determinism
• Den fria viljan är en illusion, e_ersom vi i varje given situa>on inte kunde ha handlat på e3 annat sä3 än vi gjorde.
• Alterna>vt fri vilja finns men den är utspridd över alla mikrobeslut som alla människor fa3ar.
Do Ar>facts Have Poli>cs?
• Är tekniken god, ond eller neutral? – Artefaktens kontext – Artefaktens tekniska egenskaper – Artefaktens juridiska egenskaper – Artefaktens sociala egenskaper
• Kanske kan summeras a3 teknik är neutral men inget omkring den är det?
The Big Bang Theory s01e12 -‐ The Jerusalem Duality: The Problem With Teleporta>on
Law
Contextual & programmed social
rules
Architecture
Arkitektur
• “In real space we recognize how laws regulate – through cons>tu>ons, statutes, and other legal codes. In cyberspace, we must understand how code regulates – how the so_ware and hardware that make cyberspace what it is regulate cyberspace as it is.” Lessig Code p. 6
Digital Domän
Cyberspace. A consensual hallucina>on experienced daily by billions of legi>mate operators, in every na>on,...A graphical representa>on of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the non-‐space of the mind, clusters and constella>ons of data. Like city lights, receding...
William Gibson, "Neuromancer", 1984
Digital Domän The Web is an abstract (imaginary) space of informa>on.
On the Net, you find computers -‐-‐ on the Web, you find document, sounds, videos,.... informa>on. On the Net, the connec>ons are cables between computers; on the Web, connec>ons are hypertext links. The Web exists because of programs which communicate between computers on the Net. The Web could not be without the Net.
(Berners-‐Lee, 1999)
Johnson & Post
• “Cyberspace radically undermines the rela>onship between legally significant (online) phenomena and physical loca>on. The rise of the global computer network is destroying the link between geographical loca>on
Law And Borders--The Rise of Law in Cyberspace, 1996
Barlowe
• Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.
A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 1996
Trying to legislate to control technological development or the ways people use
technology is not perhaps ordering the >de to not come in, but it is certainly like trying to
empty a bathtub with a teaspoon.
Reglering
LAG
ARKITEKTUR
NORMER MARKNAD
THE DISRUPTION OCCURS WHEN THE TECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS
INTRODUCED EFFECTS THE SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS AROUND WHICH
WE BUILD OUR LIVES
Impuls: Kontroll
©
Architecture
TECHNOLOGY controls how (& what) we interact, think & CREATE
AFFORDANCE spot the ethical dilemma?
Exodus 20:14
THE WICKED BIBLE (1631)
STATUTE OF ANNE (1710)
Wheras printers, booksellers, and other persons, have of late frequently taken the liberty of prin>ng... books, and other wri>ngs, without the
consent of the authors... to their very great detriment, and too oXen to the ruin of them and their families: For preven>ng therefore such
prac>ces for the future, and for the encouragement of learned men to compose and write useful books…
Bargain: a LIMITED & EXCLUSIVE right to control how a work may be used…
Expansion of rights
Oscar Wilde nr 18 av Napoleon Sarony
“en>rely from his own mental concep>on, to which he gave visible form” ”useful, new, harmonious, characteris>c, and graceful picture.” Burrow-‐Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53 (1884).
THE SOCIAL
CENTURY
User generated content
Monopolies in copying & delivery systems
Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of
the way the world works. Anything that’s invented between when you’re fifteen and thirty-five is new
and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after
you’re thirty-five is against the natural order of things.
Originality/ Verkshöjd
BIRD RED SLICE by Koko (1984)
idea/expression dichotomy
Donald Duck av Walt Disney Arne Anka av Charlie Christensen
Death plus seventy
Term of Proteccon
2011 2081
TERM OF PROTECTION Orphaned Works Family Control The lost bargain
THE PROBLEM TODAY?
DIGITALIZATION CONNECTIVITY DEVICES STORAGE
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
THE THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE BECOMES THE INEVITABLE
HERE COMES EVERYBODY
Flickr
2000
2001
2002
2003 2005
2004 2006
Wikipedia
Blogger 1
999
Second Life
My Space
Skype
Digg
Ning
YouTube
Twiher
Spocfy
Google c:a 1998
2008
2007 2009
Farmville
iphone
Wikileaks
2006 2007
BUSINESS MODELS DIE
Law as arcficial barrier
LAW & NORMS High and Low culture
Homage
TOLERATED
UNTOLERATED
LEGAL ILLEGAL
THE UNTOUCHABLES
The Ba3leship Potemkin 1925 -‐ Odessa Steps scene – director Sergei M. Eisenstein
The Untouchables (1987) film directed by Brian De Palma
Homage
Parody
TOLERATED
UNTOLERATED
LEGAL ILLEGAL
THE UNTOUCHABLES
DOWNFALL PARODIES
Oliver Hirschbiegel Der Untergang (2004)
Remix Homage
Parody
TOLERATED
UNTOLERATED
LEGAL ILLEGAL
AMV THE UNTOUCHABLES
DOWNFALL PARODIES
FMA AMV Gimme a Man AXer Midnight -‐ Abba h3p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_xB-‐RFOZDs
Remix Homage
Piracy Parody
TOLERATED
UNTOLERATED
LEGAL ILLEGAL
AMV
60 YEARS LATER STRING OF PUPPIES
THE UNTOUCHABLES
DOWNFALL PARODIES
UNCERTAINTY OF
REGULATION
Samir by Max Gustafson
NORM CONFLICT
Contextual & programmed social
rules
NORMS FROM ABOVE
An>-‐Piracy Adver>sement h3p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5SmrHNWhak
ANTI-‐PIRACY AD
god is dead?
The IT Crowd -‐ Series 2 -‐ Episode 3: Piracy warning parody h3p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUNfynI8bdA
IT CROWD PARODY
YouTube Copyright School uploaded April 14, 2011
WHAT TO DO?
“THE FIRST THING WE DO, LET'S KILL ALL THE LAWYERS”
UNDERSTANDING THE USER Ignoran>a juris non excusat
SOCIAL MEDIA & INTEGRITY
Creacng law without controlling infrastructure is #fail
TECHNOLOGY BRINGS THEORETICAL RIGHTS WITHIN PRACTICAL REACH
There is an ethical dimension to everything
THE MEDIUM... SHAPES AND CONTROLS THE SCALE AND FORM OF HUMAN ASSOCIATION AND ACTION
McLuhan, M. (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy
LANGFORD WINNER
REGULATION OF TECHNOLOGY IS THE REGULATION OF DEMOCRACY
integrity. Physical
Data
Integrity
Natural need
Social construc>on
Cultural element
Individual/Group How much?
Physical surveillance
Paparazzi (1898)
The Right to Privacy
• That the individual shall have full protec>on in person and in property is a principle as old as the common law; but it has been necessary from >me to >me to define anew the exact nature and extent of such protec>on.
Warren and Brandeis The Right to Privacy, 4 Harvard Law Review 193 (1890)
LAW
UNDHR
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to a3acks
upon his honour and reputa>on. Everyone has the right to the protec>on of the law against such interference or
a3acks. (Art 12)
1. Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
Art 8 ECHR
Background
• Datalagen (1973) • Moores Law • Data Protec>on Direc>ve (1995) • Personuppgi_slagen 1998
PERSONUPPGIFTSLAGEN (1998:204)
PERSONUPPGIFT
All slags informa>on som direkt eller indirekt kan hänföras >ll en fysisk person som är vid livet utgör personuppgi_. Inte företag Ingen integritet e_er döden
SAMTYCKE
Godtar behandling Viljey3ring
Frivillig Särskild Otvetydig
E_er informa>on Inga formkrav
97
Behandling
Personuppgi_er får behandlas bara för särskilda, u3ryckligt angivna ändamål. Uppgi_er som man har samlat in för e3 visst ändamål får man inte senare behandla på e3 sä3 som inte är förenligt med ändamålet.
Känsliga uppgi_er
• Förbud gäller behandling av: – Ras, etniskt ursprung, poli>ska åsikter, religiös eller filosofisk övertygelse, hälsa, sexualliv, samt medlemskap i fackförening
• Förbud gäller inte: – U3rycklig samtycke, offentliggjorda uppgi_er, nödvändig behandling, inom ideella org., inom hälso-‐ & sjukvård
bits of INFORMATION
autonomy
AND WHAT ABOUT MANUFACTURERS RESPONSIBILITY?
Won’t someone think of the CHILDREN
Child Locator GPS Watch
AM/FM Clock radio wireless hidden camera
Shower AM-‐FM Mirror Radio
SYSTEM #FAIL
WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA?
12 >mmar senare
Strategy
TECHNOLOGY controls how & what we interact, create & THINK…
Flickr
2000
2001
2002
2003 2005
2004 2006
Wikipedia
Blogger 1
999
Second Life
My Space
Skype
Digg
Ning
YouTube
Twiher
Spocfy
Google c:a 1998
2008
2007 2009
Farmville
iphone
Wikileaks
119
Name Accve Date
Tencent QQ 636 Nov 2010
Facebook 600 Jan 2011
Habbo 203 Feb 2011
Qzone 200 Feb 2011
Twi3er 190 Jan 2011
Vkontakte 135 Feb 2011
Orkut 120 Aug 2010
Bebo 117 July 2010
MySpace 100 May 2009
Badoo 100 Feb 2011
2006 2007
we “leak” INFORMATION
…somecmes we shout…
We apply strategies of informacon control
COMPARTMENTALIZATION
THE PROBLEM IS NOT THAT PEOPLE KNOW THINGS ABOUT US BUT TO LIMIT WHO KNOWS WHAT…
&
searchability
NEW SOCIAL NORMS
Delete: The Virtue of Forgeong in the Digital
Age
Viktor Mayer-‐Schönberger
CONVENIENCE IS KING
Enter the age of FREE
GRATIS? Sökmotor Reader Maps Kalender Scholar Och mycket mer…
VET NI VAD NI GÖR? VET VI VAD VI GÖR?
LEAKING & SHOUTING
SO WHATS NEW?
If you are not paying for it, you're not the customer; you're the product being
sold.
From Orwell to Huxley
TESTING A THEORY
INTERESTING RESULTS
“STATISK INFORMATION”
Addresser Telefonnummer Inkomster, ekonomi & deklara>oner Utbildning
CHARLES KETTERING
There is a great difference between knowing and understanding: you can know a lot about something and not really understand it.
UNDERSTANDING OTHERS USE
The misapplica>on of informa>on
SOME EXAMPLES
GOODBYE SISTER MARÍA JESÚS GALÁN
NORWEGIAN POLITICIAN
MEDICAL STAFF
PARENTS!
PAUL CHAMBERS
"Crap! Robin Hood airport is closed. You've got a week and a bit to get your shit together otherwise I'm blowing the airport sky high!"
NAVY INSTRUCTOR PILOTS LOSE FLYING STATUS FOR LAKE TAHOE DIP
"EN DAG KVAR AV VECKAN PÅ DETTA DÅRHUS"
MATS MÜGGE ”Jä3ebra barnskötare -‐ men texten är inte förenlig med vår verksamhet”
NAKEN REKTOR
You’ve got mail…
En berä3else om GU, Google & studenternas mail
WHY?
THE NETWORK EFFECT
THE DESIGN EFFECT You know you want to…
IF YOU’RE NOT THE CUSTOMER YOU’RE THE PRODUCT
EULA TRUMPS RIGHTS
PURPOSE OF RIGHTS?
Autonomy!
AUTONOMY WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE…
© Ma3 McKeon
© Ma3 McKeon
© Ma3 McKeon
© Ma3 McKeon
© Ma3 McKeon
HOW LAW FAILS
-‐ Analog mindset -‐ Respect for Autonomy -‐ The lost role of the state
CREATING LAW WITHOUT CONTROLLING INFRASTRUCTURE IS
#FAIL
THANK YOU.
Informa>on • All images from www.flickr.com (unless specifically stated)
• Image & licensing info in the notes sec>on of slides • Presenta>on licensed: Crea>ve Commons BY-‐NC-‐SA
• The presenta>on can be downloaded from: www.slideshare.net/klang
• More informa>on about me: www.techrisk.se & www.digital-‐rights.net