Law Without Infrastructure

CREATING LAW WITHOUT

CONTROLLING INFRASTRUCTURE

#FAIL

Mathias “cyborg” Klang

“A CYBORG IS A BEING WITH BOTH BIOLOGICAL AND ARTIFICIAL (E.G. ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL OR ROBOTIC) PARTS. THE TERM WAS COINED IN 1960…”

h3p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg

E>ska Teorier

E>ska Områden/Zoner

A3 förhålla sig >ll mig själv Förhålla sig

>ll andra

Till andra kännande varelser

Icke-‐kännande varelser, ekosystem & Kulturföreteelser mm

Varför behöver Ni e>k

•  Teknik snabbare än värderingar, moral, e>k, lag

•  Ska vi begränsa teknik (kan vi?)

•  Ska vi utveckla e>k (kan vi förhindra det?)

•  Som användare, utvecklare & medborgare är ni mi3 i deba3en.

Ethics: a very very

short version

ethnocentrism

Cultural rela>vism

Culture

Human Nature

Good Evil

Choice?

Nurture Nature

absolu>sm

Ethical rela>vism

Social construct

Social Contract

Rousseau Hobbes

U>litarianism

Bentham -‐ Happiness

Teleological ethics

Mill -‐ Good

Rule ethics

Kant

Du>es – not impulses

Categorical impera>ve

Rawls

Rule crea>on

Veil of ignorance

Habermas

Discourse ethics

Computer ethics

•  Computer Ethics is the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formula>on and jus>fica>on of policies for the ethical use of such technology

Är teknikutvecklingen oundviklig?

•  Teknikdeterminism: tekniska utvecklingen som en självständig, ostyrbar kra_ som styr den övriga samhällsutvecklingen

•  Alterna>vt är teknikutvecklingen som en konsekvens av den övriga samhällsutvecklingen.

Determinism

•  Den fria viljan är en illusion, e_ersom vi i varje given situa>on inte kunde ha handlat på e3 annat sä3 än vi gjorde.

•  Alterna>vt fri vilja finns men den är utspridd över alla mikrobeslut som alla människor fa3ar.

Do Ar>facts Have Poli>cs?

•  Är tekniken god, ond eller neutral? – Artefaktens kontext – Artefaktens tekniska egenskaper – Artefaktens juridiska egenskaper – Artefaktens sociala egenskaper

•  Kanske kan summeras a3 teknik är neutral men inget omkring den är det?

The Big Bang Theory s01e12 -‐ The Jerusalem Duality: The Problem With Teleporta>on

Law

Contextual & programmed social

rules

Architecture

Arkitektur

•  “In real space we recognize how laws regulate – through cons>tu>ons, statutes, and other legal codes. In cyberspace, we must understand how code regulates – how the so_ware and hardware that make cyberspace what it is regulate cyberspace as it is.” Lessig Code p. 6

Digital Domän

Cyberspace. A consensual hallucina>on experienced daily by billions of legi>mate operators, in every na>on,...A graphical representa>on of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the non-‐space of the mind, clusters and constella>ons of data. Like city lights, receding...

William Gibson, "Neuromancer", 1984

Digital Domän The Web is an abstract (imaginary) space of informa>on.

On the Net, you find computers -‐-‐ on the Web, you find document, sounds, videos,.... informa>on. On the Net, the connec>ons are cables between computers; on the Web, connec>ons are hypertext links. The Web exists because of programs which communicate between computers on the Net. The Web could not be without the Net.

(Berners-‐Lee, 1999)

Johnson & Post

•  “Cyberspace radically undermines the rela>onship between legally significant (online) phenomena and physical loca>on. The rise of the global computer network is destroying the link between geographical loca>on

Law And Borders--The Rise of Law in Cyberspace, 1996

Barlowe

•  Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 1996

Trying to legislate to control technological development or the ways people use

technology is not perhaps ordering the >de to not come in, but it is certainly like trying to

empty a bathtub with a teaspoon.

Reglering

LAG

ARKITEKTUR

NORMER MARKNAD

THE DISRUPTION OCCURS WHEN THE TECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS

INTRODUCED EFFECTS THE SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS AROUND WHICH

WE BUILD OUR LIVES

Impuls: Kontroll

Architecture

TECHNOLOGY controls how (& what) we interact, think & CREATE

AFFORDANCE spot the ethical dilemma?

Exodus 20:14

THE WICKED BIBLE (1631)

STATUTE OF ANNE (1710)

Wheras printers, booksellers, and other persons, have of late frequently taken the liberty of prin>ng... books, and other wri>ngs, without the

consent of the authors... to their very great detriment, and too oXen to the ruin of them and their families: For preven>ng therefore such

prac>ces for the future, and for the encouragement of learned men to compose and write useful books…

Bargain: a LIMITED & EXCLUSIVE right to control how a work may be used…

Expansion of rights

Oscar Wilde nr 18 av Napoleon Sarony

“en>rely from his own mental concep>on, to which he gave visible form” ”useful, new, harmonious, characteris>c, and graceful picture.” Burrow-‐Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53 (1884).

THE SOCIAL

CENTURY

User generated content

Monopolies in copying & delivery systems

Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of

the way the world works. Anything that’s invented between when you’re fifteen and thirty-five is new

and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after

you’re thirty-five is against the natural order of things.

Originality/ Verkshöjd

BIRD RED SLICE by Koko (1984)

idea/expression dichotomy

Donald Duck av Walt Disney Arne Anka av Charlie Christensen

Death plus seventy

Term of Proteccon

2011 2081

TERM OF PROTECTION Orphaned Works Family Control The lost bargain

THE PROBLEM TODAY?

DIGITALIZATION CONNECTIVITY DEVICES STORAGE

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

THE THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE BECOMES THE INEVITABLE

HERE COMES EVERYBODY

Flickr

2000

2001

2002

2003 2005

2004 2006

Wikipedia

Linkedin

Blogger 1

999

Second Life

My Space

Skype

Digg

Facebook

Ning

YouTube

Twiher

Spocfy

Google c:a 1998

2008

2007 2009

Farmville

iphone

Wikileaks

2006 2007

BUSINESS MODELS DIE

Law as arcficial barrier

LAW & NORMS High and Low culture

Homage

TOLERATED

UNTOLERATED

LEGAL ILLEGAL

THE UNTOUCHABLES

The Ba3leship Potemkin 1925 -‐ Odessa Steps scene – director Sergei M. Eisenstein

The Untouchables (1987) film directed by Brian De Palma

Homage

Parody

TOLERATED

UNTOLERATED

LEGAL ILLEGAL

THE UNTOUCHABLES

DOWNFALL PARODIES

Oliver Hirschbiegel Der Untergang (2004)

Remix Homage

Parody

TOLERATED

UNTOLERATED

LEGAL ILLEGAL

AMV THE UNTOUCHABLES

DOWNFALL PARODIES

FMA AMV Gimme a Man AXer Midnight -‐ Abba h3p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_xB-‐RFOZDs

Remix Homage

Piracy Parody

TOLERATED

UNTOLERATED

LEGAL ILLEGAL

AMV

60 YEARS LATER STRING OF PUPPIES

THE UNTOUCHABLES

DOWNFALL PARODIES

UNCERTAINTY OF

REGULATION

Samir by Max Gustafson

NORM CONFLICT

Contextual & programmed social

rules

NORMS FROM ABOVE

An>-‐Piracy Adver>sement h3p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5SmrHNWhak

ANTI-‐PIRACY AD

god is dead?

The IT Crowd -‐ Series 2 -‐ Episode 3: Piracy warning parody h3p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUNfynI8bdA

IT CROWD PARODY

YouTube Copyright School uploaded April 14, 2011

WHAT TO DO?

“THE FIRST THING WE DO, LET'S KILL ALL THE LAWYERS”

UNDERSTANDING THE USER Ignoran>a juris non excusat

SOCIAL MEDIA & INTEGRITY

Creacng law without controlling infrastructure is #fail

TECHNOLOGY BRINGS THEORETICAL RIGHTS WITHIN PRACTICAL REACH

There is an ethical dimension to everything

THE MEDIUM... SHAPES AND CONTROLS THE SCALE AND FORM OF HUMAN ASSOCIATION AND ACTION

McLuhan, M. (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy

LANGFORD WINNER

REGULATION OF TECHNOLOGY IS THE REGULATION OF DEMOCRACY

integrity. Physical

Data

Integrity

Natural need

Social construc>on

Cultural element

Individual/Group How much?

Physical surveillance

Paparazzi (1898)

The Right to Privacy

•  That the individual shall have full protec>on in person and in property is a principle as old as the common law; but it has been necessary from >me to >me to define anew the exact nature and extent of such protec>on.

Warren and Brandeis The Right to Privacy, 4 Harvard Law Review 193 (1890)

UNDHR

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to a3acks

upon his honour and reputa>on. Everyone has the right to the protec>on of the law against such interference or

a3acks. (Art 12)

1.  Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.

Art 8 ECHR

Background

•  Datalagen (1973) •  Moores Law •  Data Protec>on Direc>ve (1995) •  Personuppgi_slagen 1998

PERSONUPPGIFTSLAGEN (1998:204)

PERSONUPPGIFT

All slags informa>on som direkt eller indirekt kan hänföras >ll en fysisk person som är vid livet utgör personuppgi_. Inte företag Ingen integritet e_er döden

SAMTYCKE

Godtar behandling Viljey3ring

Frivillig Särskild Otvetydig

E_er informa>on Inga formkrav

97

Behandling

Personuppgi_er får behandlas bara för särskilda, u3ryckligt angivna ändamål. Uppgi_er som man har samlat in för e3 visst ändamål får man inte senare behandla på e3 sä3 som inte är förenligt med ändamålet.

Känsliga uppgi_er

•  Förbud gäller behandling av: – Ras, etniskt ursprung, poli>ska åsikter, religiös eller filosofisk övertygelse, hälsa, sexualliv, samt medlemskap i fackförening

•  Förbud gäller inte: – U3rycklig samtycke, offentliggjorda uppgi_er, nödvändig behandling, inom ideella org., inom hälso-‐ & sjukvård

bits of INFORMATION

autonomy

AND WHAT ABOUT MANUFACTURERS RESPONSIBILITY?

Won’t someone think of the CHILDREN

Child Locator GPS Watch

AM/FM Clock radio wireless hidden camera

Shower AM-‐FM Mirror Radio

SYSTEM #FAIL

WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA?

12 >mmar senare

Strategy

TECHNOLOGY controls how & what we interact, create & THINK…

Flickr

2000

2001

2002

2003 2005

2004 2006

Wikipedia

Linkedin

Blogger 1

999

Second Life

My Space

Skype

Digg

Facebook

Ning

YouTube

Twiher

Spocfy

Google c:a 1998

2008

2007 2009

Farmville

iphone

Wikileaks

Name Accve Date

Tencent QQ 636 Nov 2010

Facebook 600 Jan 2011

Habbo 203 Feb 2011

Qzone 200 Feb 2011

Twi3er 190 Jan 2011

Vkontakte 135 Feb 2011

Orkut 120 Aug 2010

Bebo 117 July 2010

MySpace 100 May 2009

Badoo 100 Feb 2011

2006 2007

we “leak” INFORMATION

…somecmes we shout…

We apply strategies of informacon control

COMPARTMENTALIZATION

THE PROBLEM IS NOT THAT PEOPLE KNOW THINGS ABOUT US BUT TO LIMIT WHO KNOWS WHAT…

searchability

NEW SOCIAL NORMS

Delete: The Virtue of Forgeong in the Digital

Age

Viktor Mayer-‐Schönberger

CONVENIENCE IS KING

Enter the age of FREE

GRATIS? Sökmotor Reader Maps Kalender Scholar Och mycket mer…

VET NI VAD NI GÖR? VET VI VAD VI GÖR?

LEAKING & SHOUTING

SO WHATS NEW?

If you are not paying for it, you're not the customer; you're the product being

sold.

From Orwell to Huxley

TESTING A THEORY

INTERESTING RESULTS

“STATISK INFORMATION”

Addresser Telefonnummer Inkomster, ekonomi & deklara>oner Utbildning

CHARLES KETTERING

There is a great difference between knowing and understanding: you can know a lot about something and not really understand it.

UNDERSTANDING OTHERS USE

The misapplica>on of informa>on

SOME EXAMPLES

GOODBYE SISTER MARÍA JESÚS GALÁN

NORWEGIAN POLITICIAN

MEDICAL STAFF

PARENTS!

PAUL CHAMBERS

"Crap! Robin Hood airport is closed. You've got a week and a bit to get your shit together otherwise I'm blowing the airport sky high!"

NAVY INSTRUCTOR PILOTS LOSE FLYING STATUS FOR LAKE TAHOE DIP

"EN DAG KVAR AV VECKAN PÅ DETTA DÅRHUS"

MATS MÜGGE ”Jä3ebra barnskötare -‐ men texten är inte förenlig med vår verksamhet”

NAKEN REKTOR

You’ve got mail…

En berä3else om GU, Google & studenternas mail

THE NETWORK EFFECT

THE DESIGN EFFECT You know you want to…

IF YOU’RE NOT THE CUSTOMER YOU’RE THE PRODUCT

EULA TRUMPS RIGHTS

PURPOSE OF RIGHTS?

Autonomy!

AUTONOMY WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE…

HOW LAW FAILS

-‐  Analog mindset -‐  Respect for Autonomy -‐  The lost role of the state

CREATING LAW WITHOUT CONTROLLING INFRASTRUCTURE IS

#FAIL

THANK YOU.

Informa>on •  All images from www.flickr.com (unless specifically stated)

•  Image & licensing info in the notes sec>on of slides •  Presenta>on licensed: Crea>ve Commons BY-‐NC-‐SA

•  The presenta>on can be downloaded from: www.slideshare.net/klang

•  More informa>on about me: www.techrisk.se & www.digital-‐rights.net

Law Without Infrastructure

Education

Transcript of Law Without Infrastructure