Connections: A World HistorySecond Edition

Chapter

Connections: A World History, Second EditionEdward H. Judge • John W. Langdon

The Romans Connect the Mediterranean World752 B.C.E. – 284 C.E.

8

Romulus and RemusRomulus and Remus

The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire

The Romans Connect the Mediterranean The Romans Connect the Mediterranean World, 753 World, 753 B.C.E.B.C.E.–284 –284 C.E.C.E.

A. The Roman Republic to 133 B.C.E. B. Dissatisfaction with the RepublicC. The Birth of the Roman EmpireD. Roman Religion and the Rise of ChristianityE. From Golden Age to Disarray

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republicto 133 to 133 B.C.E.B.C.E.

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republicto 133 to 133 B.C.E.B.C.E.

A. The Roman Republic and Its Foundation in Law1. Foundation of the city of Rome

2. Etruscan rule

3. Founding of the Roman Republic

MAP 8.1 Italy in 600 B.C.E.MAP 8.1 Italy in 600 B.C.E.

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republicto 133 to 133 B.C.E.B.C.E.

A. The Roman Republic and Its Foundation in Law4. Representative government

5. The Rule of Law

6. The Struggle of the Orders

7. Roman citizenship and the assimilation of conquered peoples

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republicto 133 to 133 B.C.E.B.C.E.

B. The Punic Wars and Rome’s Mediterranean Domination1. Roman military power

2. Conflict between Rome and Carthage

3. Legacy of the Punic Wars

FOUNDATION MAP 8.2 The Mediterranean World at FOUNDATION MAP 8.2 The Mediterranean World at the Time of the Roman Republic, 264–44 B.C.E.the Time of the Roman Republic, 264–44 B.C.E.

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republicto 133 to 133 B.C.E.B.C.E.

C. Changes in Society and Culture1. Social stratification

2. Gender relations

3. Slavery

A contemporary mosaic shows female Roman A contemporary mosaic shows female Roman students wearing togas.students wearing togas.

Dissatisfaction with the RepublicDissatisfaction with the Republic

Dissatisfaction with the RepublicDissatisfaction with the Republic

A. Social Discontent and Decline in Popular Rule1. Crisis in the countryside

2. Revolt of the Italian allies

3. Military dictatorship

Dissatisfaction with the RepublicDissatisfaction with the Republic

B. Julius Caesar1. Struggle for power

2. Assassination and civil war

Tombstone of a Roman soldier.Tombstone of a Roman soldier.

The Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman Empire

The Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman Empire

A. The Rise of Octavian1. The Second Triumvirate

2. Antony and Cleopatra

B. From Republic to Empire1. The consolidation of power

2. The Pax Romana

Caesar Augustus, Emperor of Rome.Caesar Augustus, Emperor of Rome.

The Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman Empire

C. Greco-Roman Culture1. Culture and stability

2. Culture and empire

3. Cultural contributions

Roman aqueduct, Segovia, Spain.Roman aqueduct, Segovia, Spain.

The Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman Empire

D. Challenges to Augustus’s Work1. The succession problem

2. Challenges to imperial rule

MAP 8.3 The Roman Empire, 138 C.E.MAP 8.3 The Roman Empire, 138 C.E.

Roman Religion andRoman Religion andthe Rise of Christianitythe Rise of Christianity

Roman Religion andRoman Religion andthe Rise of Christianitythe Rise of Christianity

A. Rome’s Polytheistic Religion

B. Jewish Resistance and Eastern Cults1. Mutual mistrust

2. Forms of resistance

Excavations at Qumran, northwest of the Dead Sea, Excavations at Qumran, northwest of the Dead Sea, reveal how the Essenes lived around 150 B.C.E.reveal how the Essenes lived around 150 B.C.E.

Roman Religion andRoman Religion andthe Rise of Christianitythe Rise of Christianity

B. Jewish Resistance and Eastern Cults3. Jesus of Nazareth

4. Paul of Tarsus

5. Rome’s view of Christianity

St. Mamai of Georgia, a Christian martyred by the St. Mamai of Georgia, a Christian martyred by the Romans, is shown with a cross in one hand while Romans, is shown with a cross in one hand while riding a lion, symbolizing his triumph over death riding a lion, symbolizing his triumph over death

and ignorance.and ignorance.

From Golden Age to DisarrayFrom Golden Age to Disarray

From Golden Age to DisarrayFrom Golden Age to Disarray

A. Commercial Connections1. The Golden Age

2. The expansion and encouragement of trade

The Roman Coliseum.The Roman Coliseum.

MAP 8.4 Rome’s Economic Organization of the MAP 8.4 Rome’s Economic Organization of the Mediterranean World, 180 C.E.Mediterranean World, 180 C.E.

A modern photo of the Appian Way, part of the A modern photo of the Appian Way, part of the network of Roman roads that facilitated travel and network of Roman roads that facilitated travel and

commerce throughout the Empire.commerce throughout the Empire.

From Golden Age to DisarrayFrom Golden Age to Disarray

B. The Empire in Disarray1. Crisis of leadership

2. Germanic migrations

Key Dates and DevelopmentsKey Dates and DevelopmentsThe Roman Republic/The Roman Empire to 284 C.E.The Roman Republic/The Roman Empire to 284 C.E.