Jan | Feb 13 - Grain & Feed Milling Technology

A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891INCORPORATING PORTS, DISTRIBUTION AND FORMULATION

In this issue:

• Efficient barge unloading technology

• Feed enzymes in animal nutrition

• Controlling the explosion risks within hammer mills

• Use of computer programming in animal diet formulation

• Recycling surplus factory food into quality animal feeds

first published in 1891

GRAIN &FEEDMILLINGTECHNOLOGY

Grain & Feed Milling Technology is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.

All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers

accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2013 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by

any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

volume: 124 number 1 issn no: 1466-3872

January - February 2013

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News:US corn crop high quality, despite drought 3Third scientific exchange meeting for Pancosma 3New mycotoxin product from Romer Labs 3Adisseo launches real time web platform for NIR predictions 4The MPE Chain-Vey® for pet food 4Alapala opens two new flour mills 5Cloud solution improves information interchange in feed industry 5Hope dawns for aging feed mill 64B increases capacity of STARCO steel elevator buckets 7Success for IPPE 7Alltech feed survey findings: world increases production to 959 million tons 9

Features:Controlling the explosion risks within hammer mills 10Recycling surplus factory food into quality animal feeds 12Efficient barge unloading technology for grain handling on inland waterways 16Raising standards to improve profitability with Econase XT Mixer Liquid Application 22Yeast in aquaculture 26Profitable aquafeed 32Use of computer programming in animal diet formulation 34Factors affecting silo demand and design 38Die and pelleting equipment maintenance 42

Commodities:Raw material outlook, by John Buckley 44

In the footsteps of Broomhall 50

iNdustry eveNts 52IAOM Annual Conference & Expo 53VIV Asia 56IDMA 58

the gFmt iNterviewHao Yun - ZhengChang Chairman 60

iNdustry Faces 64An optimised sales network at Pancosma North American Millers’ Association announces new chairman New management appointments at Glencore following Viterra takeover Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture bags new director

THE GlobalMiller

First, I’d like to thank the publishers of Grain & Feed Milling Technology for the opportunity to contribute to this issue – the first of 2013. For

those of you who may not know me, I’m currently the executive vice president of the International Association of Operative Millers (IAOM). My background is in communications and Russian and East European area studies. It’s been a terrific eight years with the association, during which time I’ve learned a great deal about the grain processing industry.

It was 117 years ago in January that IAOM’s precursor, the Fraternity of Operative Millers, was founded in order to elevate the profession of flour milling in the eyes of mill owners in the United States. In 1919, the name was changed to Association of Operative Millers, and in 2003, ‘international’ was added to the name to reflect the organisation’s membership growth outside North America. A little less than half of the association’s membership is located in our four international districts: Eurasia, Latin America, Mideast & Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Today, IAOM continues to focus on its core mission of enhancing the proficiency of professionals in the international grain milling industry by providing continuing education and training opportunities through a professional development programme.

As I travel to our district meetings around the world, it is evident that the entire membership faces similar challenges, regardless of location. Food safety and traceability is becoming a critical issue across the globe. End users are demanding that more safeguards are in place to protect the food supply. At the same time, millers are faced with increased volatility in grain prices, making the business of procurement even more crucial to a mill’s profitability.

In several countries, subsidies for bread products are being phased out, creating even more pressure on millers to keep their costs low. As new technologies emerge and demand increases, the proficiency of millers will become

even more critical. Training programmes and continuing education will play an ever-increasing role in the grain processing industry.

At IAOM, there is a variety of opportunities for milling professionals to continue to develop and learn about the different aspects of milling. IAOM members indicate that sessions in which participants are able to share a challenge, best practice or accomplishment are extremely beneficial. They also profit from attending the annual meeting, committee and district meetings, and resident milling courses.

Senior executives understand that a highly-skilled workforce offers a competitive advantage and they are making investments in their employees. There is also evidence that professional development opportunities contribute to employee retention – something that the industry has struggled with from time to time.

Throughout the food-processing chain, opportunities are available for professional development from a variety of sources. Make it a priority in the new year for you and your staff to participate in activities that can provide both formal and informal opportunities for education and training.

Start by taking advantage of the articles in this issue – learn about good silo design, explosion prevention for hammer mills and grinders, recycling food manufacturing waste as animal feeds, maintenance for dies and pellet machinery, and an overview of enzymes.

And, if you see me at a meeting, please be sure to stop and introduce yourself. I love meeting people, and IAOM is always seeking out ways to build on synergies and increase learning opportunities through collaboration with other organisations and groups.Guest

NS Guest editor - Melinda Farris, IAOM

Happy New Year!

Melinda Farris, executive vice president of the International

Association of Operative Millers, USA

You might have noticed that GFMT has put on a bit of weight over the winter. However, you won’t find us on a faddy diet or hitting the gym: we have no intention of shifting this extra bulk.The increase in size is down to a concerted effort to make sure the magazine accurately reflects the concerns of you, our readers.We know that grain and feed milling is not just about what goes on inside the mill. That’s why we’ve expanded our content and added a strapline, ‘incorporating ports, distribution and formulation’.Grain handling facilities at ports are using bigger and more sophisticated equipment every year. They really are the place to see bulk handling technologies in action. Transport meanwhile is the backbone of the grain and feed supply chain, be it delivering products to and from the mill,

or around the plant itself. We start this new focus by looking at loading and unloading equipment for barges.We all know that in milling, profit margins are tight so delivering the safest and most efficient product is vitally important. Ingredient selection plays a crucial role in producing consistently high-quality products so we will continue to feature articles on nutrition and formulation.Lastly, after the success of our managing maintenance article in September/October 2012, we’ve given maintenance a regular slot in the magazine. This month we look at refurbishing die and pellet machines. I hope you find these new sections a useful addition to our regular subject matters. If you have any comments or suggestions, please get in touch with me by email: alicen@perendale.co.ukAlice Neal, associate editor, Grain and Feed Milling Technology

NOTE FROM GFMT

Grain&feed millinG technoloGy2 | January - february 2013

The overall quality of the 2012 US corn crop is high and improves upon

last year’s very good marks across a range of test factors, according to the US Grains Council’s Corn Harvest Quality Report 2012/13.

Total US corn production fell in 2012 due to the worst drought in decades, but despite the drought, the 2012 crop showed a year-over-year improvement in average text weight, protein levels, and density, as well as lower moisture and BCFM than the 2011 crop. This is the second year for the council’s Harvest Report. The Harvest Report assesses the quality of the US crop as it is delivered from farms to local elevators, the f irst step in entering international marketing channels. It will be

followed in April 2013 by the second annual Corn Export Cargo Quality Report, which assess quality at the point of export.The council produces the reports so global importers will have access to reliable and comparable data from year to year, with samples being gathered and tested using transparent and consistent methods. “With an increasingly competitive global market , the availability of accurate information is in the long-term best interest of US farmers, exporters and international buyers,” says Erick Erickson, USGC director of global strategies. “We received a tremendously positive response to the inaugural reports from internat iona l buyers , so certainly there is a need for this type of information.”

For the harvest quality report, samples of US corn were gathered from 12 states that combined are the source for 99 percent of US corn exports. Tests conducted on the samples cover grading factors like test weight, physical factors such as stress cracks and other items such as moisture, protein starch, oil and mycotoxins.“ T h e s a m p l e s t e s t e d demonstrate that the 2012 US corn crop, while smaller due to the drought, is of outstanding quality overall,” says Erickson.Data indicates the average test weight for the 2012/13 crop was 58.8 pounds per bushel, an increase over 2011 and more than two pounds per bushel above the grade limit for No. 1 US corn. At the same time, broken corn and foreign material (BCFM) was lower, as were the number of

damaged kernels. Moisture, at 15.3 percent, was also lower than last year.“ Prote in numbers were generally higher, starch was marginally lower and oil content was unchanged,” says Erickson.The frequency of stress cracks, which indicate the relative susceptibility of kernels to break up during handling, are up marginally, which could be an indicator that the crop will be more susceptible to breakage during handling, information that may turn up in the Corn Export Cargo Quality Report in the spring.Er ickson notes that the Counc i l ’s Corn Har ves t Quality Report 2012/13 only assesses the quality of the current U.S. corn harvest as it enters merchandising channels, as quality can be affected by further handling, blending, storage conditions and other downstream factors.The full report is available at www.grains.org.

US corn crop high quality, despite drought

Romer Labs, Austria has launched the MycoSpinTM 400 Multitoxin

column - a new product for an effective clean-up prior to multi-mycotoxin analysis, enhancing the performance of LC-MS/MS methods.

The MycoSpinTM 400 Multitoxin cleanup columns, in conjunction with BiopureTM 13C labeled internal standards, achieve new performance levels in LC-MS/MS analysis. Using this approach means straightforward sample preparation and no limitations by molecular mass of the analyte.

Furthermore, BiopureTM 13C i so tope - l a be l ed i n t e rn a l s t a n d a r d s o v e r c o m e t he ion i z a t ion e f f e c t by stabilising the system to the effects of signal suppression and signal enhancement .Romer Labs has developed a s e r i e s o f m e t h o d applications using this new approach of a MycoSpinTM c l e a nu p w i t h B i o p u re T M

internal st andards . These methods are val idated for the simultaneous detection of mult ip le mycotoxins in cereal grains, mixed feeds, and corn , inc lud ing corn by-products.

After two success-ful editions and continuous demands

from the market, Pancosma renewed its own scientific congress in Madrid, Spain from December 5-6, 2012.

The Swiss feed manufacturer took advantage of its scientific network to organise the annual Pancosma Worldwide Scientific Exchange.

Titled ‘Gut Languages’, the 2012, meeting focused on Pancosma’s research strategy on gut immunology, gut microbiome and gut sensing to improve animal. In this context, Dr Soraya Shirazi-Beechey of Liverpool University spoke about the continuation of the ‘Gut Effects’ project, already well known through the outstanding results of SUCRAM® in swine. She developed the applications

and extension to the ruminants species. Dr Gay, Dr Furness, Dr Finlay, Dr Lillehoj also revealed the last results of this year of research completed with Pancosma.

Proud of this success, the Pancosma team is already working on the program and on the guests list for the 4th edition, to be held in January 2014.

New mycotoxin product from Romer Labs

Third scientific exchange meeting for Pancosma

News January - February 2013 NEWS

Grain&feed millinG technoloGy January - february 2013 | 3

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Adisseo launches real time web platform for NIR predictions

This service enables buyers, nutritionists and quality managers to find out the nutritional values of their raw materials

in real time. Thus, feed manufacturers can instantaneously obtain values of apparent metabolisable energy, total and digestible amino-acids, total and phytic phosphorus contents of raw materials through NIR predictions. The poultry digestibility values are based on in vivo trials conducted at CERN (Centre d’Expérimentation et de Recherche en Nutrition), Adisseo’s experimental facility located in Commentry, France.

Offering over 20 raw materials, this web platform is available in five languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese, French and Chinese.This web platform allows the customer to adapt diet formulations according to the results. "Considering the sharp rise in raw material price, this unique tool offers to customers a major technical and economic improvement since it allows to optimise the formulations in real time by benefiting from the expertise and transverse management of Adisseo teams," says Cécile Gady, manager of research on raw materials and PNE service.Developed with the collaboration of Bruker and Foss, "this web platform is a major, unequalled innovation dedicated to Adisseo customers from all over the world. This project goes far beyond a mere web interface, it is also a technological feat, although with the key objective to enable a simple and ergonomic customer interface," says Jean-Baptiste Gosset, web department manager, Adisseo.To see the PNE web platform visit: pne.adisseo.com

The MPE Chain-Vey® for pet food

Modern Process Equipment Corporation (MPE) has created a tubular drag conveyor exclusively designed for

the transport of pet food products. The MPE Chain-Vey can handle everything from raw ingredients to f inished, ready-to-package goods.

Its flexible design and compact footprint is sure to fit virtually any configuration. MPE claims that the dust-tight enclosed design protects pet food from the surrounding environment. The MPE Chain-Vey also features clean-in-place capabilities with automated wash cycles for sanitary conveying needs.

NewsJanuary - February 2013NEWS

Hello Millers

The Global Miller blog is great place to catch up on industry news and event. In the column this issue, we take a closer look at recent company buyouts, developments and acquisitions.

Cargill is to invest $20 million to support animal nutrition in sub Saharan Africa. A new deal will give the company's animal nutrition and premix business, Provimi, a majority shareholding and assume managerial control of NuTec Southern Africa. As part of this investment the company plans to build a new premix and base mix facility at NuTec’s existing location in Pietermaritzburg to expand its animal nutrition capabilities in sub Saharan Africa.http://bit.ly/XdZGJl

Material handling equipment manufacturer Intersystems has been bought by the Pritzker Group for an undisclosed price."We see great opportunities for Intersystems in the world grain and feed markets,” says Tom Schroeder, chief executive officer, Intersystems. "The resources of The Pritzker Group will ensure our continued growth by helping us add new products and services to better meet the needs of our customers." "Intersystems has grown significantly under Tom and his team’s stewardship, and we are proud to partner with them,” says Michael Barzyk, vice president, Pritzker Group. “Intersystems serves as a great example of our strategy to invest in leading companies serving the global agricultural market."http://bit.ly/S2TmXT

DSM has completed a US $634 million buyout of Fortitech. The acquisition is the ninth addition to DSM's nutrition arm since 2012. http://bit.ly/X7g4L9

Lallemand Animal Nutrition has announced that it acquired Microbial Developments Ltd, the UK based manufacturer of Aviguard, on December 31, 2012. Aviguard is a well-established avian competitive exclusion product that aids the rapid establishment of normal gut flora in day old chicks thereby minimising colonisation by transient pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, E. Coli and Clostridium perfringens. Aviguard is sold in over 36 countries and is widely used in broiler and layer breeders, parent and grandparent stock. Yannig Le Treut, general manager of Lallemand Animal Nutrition says, “Aviguard is a well established and cost effective competitive exclusion solution used by many of the world’s leading poultry breeders and integrators to help prevent the colonisation of the gut by salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria. With ever increasing consumer and regulatory pressures on the poultry industry to minimise the routine use of antibiotics, we believe Aviguard is well positioned for the future and will complement our existing portfolio of poultry products, which includes Bactocell, Alkosel, Agrimos and Levucell SB”.http://bit.ly/13DrAUA

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THE GLOBAL MILLERA blog dedicated to professionals - including nutritionists - in the transportation, storage and milling of grains, feedstuffs, rice and cereals, globally.

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Grain&feed millinG technoloGy

In December 2012, Turkish firm, Alapala opened two new flour mills in Tokmok,

Kyrgyzstan and Darkhan, Mongolia.

The official opening ceremony of the Tokmok flour-milling plant, which has a capacity of

250 tons/24 hours, was held on December 2, 2012. The milling section consists of 18 units of roller mills, six units of purifying machines and six units of sifters. The plant feature new generation milling equipment including 12 roller mills, four purifying machines

and two plan-sifters. Reducing the amount of grinding and sifting equipment minimised the energy-output ratio. The f lour-milling plant was complete ly renewed and modernised by Alapala with finance from Khazkh investors. Alapala claims it is the only

wheat processing plant in Kyrgyzstan which completely conforms to the international standards. M e a n w h i l e o n

December 6, 2012 in Darkhan, Mongolia the opening ceremony of a 300 tons/24 hours capacity flour-milling plant took place. The project included designing and erecting a steel flour milling plant, designing a diagram of the milling section, assembly and start up.The plant is one of the biggest wheat processing plants of Mongolia which produces three types of flour. As the flour-milling plant is completely automated, the number of the staff is minimised.

Nutri t ion so f tware supplier Adifo has launched a c loud-

based collaborative platform as an extension to BESTMIX®, its profit-driven feed formulation and recipe management system.

The company hopes the ex tens ion p l a t form w i l l revolutionise the information interchange between nutrition exper ts and the outs ide world to the benefit of all parties involved, including feed advisors, external partners and customers.T h e F o r m u l a t i o n a s a Service solution – securely implemented in the cloud – gives users online access to part of a nutrition company’s BESTMIX® database. Users can retrieve minute-precise market data, rely on up-to-date equations and use state-of-the-art formulation functionality at any time. They can also record project or customer-specific data such as purchase costs and specifications.Adifo has pioneered a new

way of working which will dramat ical ly improve the co l l aborat ive interac t ion between all parties in the nutrition company’s value chain. For example:• Account managers and

independent consultants will simulate adaptations to recipes to meet specific customer demands and evaluate immediately the cost impact of their adaptations.

• Internal departments such as marketing, sales and quality assurance will produce their own data and reports without compromising core data.

• External interested parties will be able to sign knowledge contracts with the nutrition company and take advantage of nutritional know-how.

• Research centres will want to use the system to unlock their nutritional knowledge to interested parties all over the world.

• The formulation

department can learn about evolving customer preferences by analysing adaptations made by the client.

The Formulation as a Service platform has the additional advantage of being easy to set up and use. There are no worries

for the customer; the solution even eliminates the need for setting up and maintaining dedicated laptops for account managers or consultants . What’s more, Adifo backs up the data and updates the software continuously, leaving the customer care- free.

Cloud solution improves information interchange in feed industry

Alapala opens two new flour mills

New infrastructure will help UC Davis assess livestock’s environmental

footprint

It’s the 21st century on most of these 50 acres of pastures and pens two miles west of the main campus, where renowned scientists produce ground-breaking research on animal welfare, livestock production and environmental quality. This is where you will find, for example, the multimillion dollar environmental chambers and bovine bubbles where UC Davis Professor and UC cooperative extension specialist Frank Mitloehner and his team work to minimise unwanted nutrient losses by animals – which affect water and air quality – and increase those nutrient values in the products we consume.But it’s also where you’ll find one of the most antiquated feed mills around. Built in 1960, the rusty UC Davis feed mill is better suited for a museum than preparing the precise mixtures of grain and additives needed to conduct world-class science and educate a new generation of agricultural leaders.“That mill is badly outdated,” says John Pereira, managing partner with Frontier Ag, a merchandiser of agricultural and feed commodities based in the Sacramento Valley. “UC Davis has a top-rate animal science programme that’s making a huge difference in our industry, keeping agriculture productive and sustainable. They absolutely need a new feed mill.”Leaders from the industry are working to make that happen. Pereira is president of the California Grain and Feed Association (CGFA), which recently started the effort and donated $150,000 towards building a new UC Davis feed mill - $100,000 now and $50,000 once construction begins in early autumn 2013.“It’s our way of supporting the work UC Davis and Frank Mitloehner are doing, which is some of the world’s finest research,” says Pereira.Mitloehner was recently selected to chair a United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization committee to measure and assess the environmental impacts of the global livestock industry. The

international effort is the first step toward improving the sustainability of the livestock sector, particularly as the global consumption of meat, dairy products and eggs continues to rise.As chair of the new committee, Mitloehner will lead representatives of national governments, livestock industries, and nonprofit and private sectors in establishing science-based methods to quantify livestock’s carbon footprint, create a database of greenhouse gas emission factors for animal feed, and develop a methodology to measure other environmental pressures, such as water consumption and nutrient loss.“A new feed mill will really help that effort,” says Mitloehner. “We very much appreciate the California Grain and Feed Association’s contributions. We’re also reaching out to conser v at ion groups and other stakeholders, because quantifying livestock’s environmental footprint is important to us all.”The new feed mill will cost $5.3 million - $2 million of that from in-kind equipment donations already pledged from industry and $3.3 million in monetary donations. The UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences contributed $100,000.“All the preliminary work has been done,” says Dan Sehnert, animal facilities coordinator for the UC Davis Department of Animal Science. “With the help of an industry planning committee, we have a site map, an approved Environmental Impact Report, and everything else we need to get started once we have the funds.”UC Davis animal scientists are awarded millions of dollars in grant funding, but that money can’t be used to support infrastructure, like a new feed mill. The current feed mill was a gift from the California Cattle Feeders Association in 1961.“It was state-of-the-art at the time,” says Mitloehner, leading a

recent tour of the feedlot. “And it has served us well. But now, it is totally outdated.”Mitloehner pauses by the tarnished feed mill, its pieces patched and repatched where maintenance crews struggle to keep the equipment running.Couldn’t UC Davis contract with commercial mills to meet its animal feed needs?“No, because researchers are

doing a lot more than keeping the animals (cattle, swine, goats, sheep, horses, poultry and others) alive and well,” says Sehnert, who has joined the impromptu tour. “They carefully control and monitor what goes in and comes out of the animals, testing for things such as feed efficiency.”Mitloehner adds, “For example, we integrate additives into feed to reduce the nitrogen that leaves the cow. We work with very small amounts of additives, which need to circulate thoroughly throughout the feed. Much of our research depends on the ability to customize feed.”Mitloehner leads us past pens where he and his team measure the methane in a cow’s exhale, using machines they built that exist nowhere else in the world. Two at a time, the cows breathe into a clear, plastic box which captures their breath.

“What is the carbon footprint of a gallon of milk?” Mitloehner asks. “Our research will help answer that question. We need good data to understand the true impact of agriculture on the environment.”Industry and society depend on the data UC Davis is producing, says Ken Zeman, feed mill superintendent at Harris Feeding Company and chair of the industry planning committee that supports

a new UC Davis feed mill.“Dr. Mitloehner is one of a kind,” Zeman says from his office at Harris Ranch outside Coalinga, California. “His programme is providing good, reliable information. His research is recognised worldwide, and his students are going on to become leaders in our industry. We need to do all we can to support that program.”T h e r e a r e 1 , 0 0 0 undergraduates and 100 graduate students in the UC Davis Department of Animal Science. One of those graduate students is Clayton Neumeier, who is here with Mitloehner outside the methane-measuring pens, preparing feed in a cement mixer.“Yeah, it’s pretty low tech,” Neumeier says with a smile.

UC Davis animal scientists deserve better, says Chris Zanobini, chief executive officer for the California Grain and Feed Association, based in Sacramento.“I’m thrilled our association has made the first industry gift, because when you have a programme that good, you want to do all you can to support it,” Zanobini says. “I know others will join us, because the work Frank Mitloehner is doing with air quality – along with all the work in the animal science department – is important to our operations. It’s vital to our future, not just for our industry but for our state, our nation and our world.”To learn more about the new feed mill and how you can help, please contact Frank Mitloehner at fmmitloehner@ucdavis.edu or Martha Ozonoff, director of major gifts for UC Davis, mjozonoff@ucdavis.edu

Hope dawns for aging feed mill

Dr Mitloehner and old feed mill

Grad student Clayton Neumeier

Mo r e t h a n 1 , 18 0 exhibitors and 25,000 attendees took part

in the revamped International Production and Processing Exposition (IPPE) show, which ran from January 29-31, 2013 in Atlanta, USA. The addition of the American Meat Institute (AMI) to form a triumvirate of processing organisations with the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) and the US Poultry and Egg Association to form the new IPPE, has been hailed a great success.

The combined event took over 430,000 net square feet of exhibit

space at the CNN-Phillip Arena-Georges World Convention Centre, making it one of the world’s largest annual poultry, feed and meat trade shows. “As the old saying goes, we have learned that the ‘whole is greater than the sum of its parts.’ We have been pleased that exhibitors and attendees alike have recognised the significantly increased value that integration of the three trade shows brings. From the breadth of the education offerings to the number of exhibitors to the strong attendee interest, the excitement has been building,” remarked the organisers at the ribbon cutting ceremony.

After an initially quiet f irst morning for IPPE, the end of day one and the morning of day two proved very popular. Not even the short-lived tornado that struck the CNN-Phillip Arena-Georges World Convention Centre around midday on day two could keep people away. Visitors had much to see and do despite the odd bucket that had been strategically placed to catch drips from leaks in the roof.Whi le meat and poultr y exhibitors were presented in either the live production and processing, live production or live poultry production

areas, feed-related exhibitors maintained their own section of Hall A and drew together ingredient , equipment and other suppliers. It was a great display of the diversity of feed manufacturing essentials.From GFMT's point-of-view the show has yielded many new contacts both in terms of new readers, subscribers and contributors to our pages. We were fortunate enough to have a team of three in Atlanta for the event. Our Spanish-language edition was well-received as was the International Milling Directory. We can’t wait until next year!

Success for IPPE

4B has invested in tooling to increase the capacities of its STARCO steel elevator

buckets; as a result, all 4B’s STARCO steel buckets now have the same or greater capacities than comparable buckets of their competitors.

The STARCO bucket was originally invented by 4B Braime’s French subsidiary, SETEM, in the 1980s and was the first low profile elevator bucket to use centrifugal discharge on a parabolic elevator head to achieve much higher capacities on a given elevator leg.

The Starco elevator bucket has been engineered to provide perfect fill and discharge for

a wide range of products. It operates at wide speed range, up to 4.55m/s.

The company has carr ied out a range of tests pitting its STARCO bucket against

competitors. 4B found that many buckets have a lower capacity what i s c l a imed on paper and that the quality of the bucket i t se l f can

b e ve r y d i f f e r e n t depend ing on t he product ion process

a n d t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e s t e e l u sed . O n request, 4B can provide test result s and f ie ld evidence to show the d i f f e rence s be t ween dif ferent models.

4B increases capacity of STARCO steel elevator buckets

NEWS IN BRIEFIndustries Confederation has announced that its annual conference for the supply industry – Agribusiness 2014 – will be held at the East of England Showground, UK on Wednesday November 13, 2014. Details of the programme will be posted to the confederation’s website www.agindustries.org.uk

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and The International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF) have launched a Chinese language version of the 'Feed Manual of Good Practices for the Feed Industry'. The Feed Manual, the first of its kind, was published by IFIF and FAO to increase safety and feed quality at the production level, and was officially presented in Rome at FAO Headquarters to the Chinese Feed Manufacturers Association (CFIA). Alexandra de Athayde, IFIF Executive Director, says, “the Feed Manual is designed to increase safety and feed quality at the production level both for industrial production and on farm mixing.” Ms de Athayde added, “We are very pleased that we have launched the Chinese language version of the Feed Manual. China is the number one producer of animal feed today and only by working together can we continue to ensure feed and food safety, while meeting the demands of 60 percent more food for 9 billion people by 2050 and to do so sustainably.”

Canadian governments are to invest C$6.5 million in crop-related research projects. The Federal Agriculture Minister, Gerry Ritz and Saskatchewan Agriculture Minister, Lyle Stewart hope the funding will keep Canadian agriculture growing. The 38 projects are aimed at improving disease control and weather tolerance

Although much of the world has suffered from a slow down in grain exports in 2012, due in part to bad weather, India has fared much better. The country is set to triple its wheat exports to a record six million tonnes in 2013. Over the last five years Indian farmers have stockpiled large quantities of grain which will help plug the global shortfall in lower-quality grain.

A new research centre in Western Australia aims to crack the genetic code of wheat. The Researchers at the Australia-China Centre for wheat at Murdoch University hope they can do for wheat, what the human genome project did for DNA.

UK bread maker, Hovis has abandoned its commitment to use 100 percent British wheat. The company claims the poor UK harvest left the company with no choice but to import from the EU.

Poland has become the eight EU member state to ban the cultivation of GM crops approved by the European Food Safety Authority as safe. Two crops will be affected by the ban: Monsanto’s MON810 maize and BASF’s Amflora potato. The decision came into effect on January 28, 2013.

Thailand has lost the top spot as the world's biggest rice exporter. Both India and Vietnam have overtaken the Southeast Asian country as exports fell 35 percent in 2012. Thai rice exports reached 6.9 million tonnes of rice last year, compared to 10.6 million tonnes in 2011. In the same period, India shipped 9.5 million tonnes and Vietnam sold 7.8 million tonnes overseas, according to the Thai Rice Exporters Association.

More than a million rice framers in Vietnam are now using innovative growing methods says Oxfam. 1.3 million growers have adopted the System of Rice Intensification which promises better yields while using less water, fertiliser and seeds.

Iran will reach self-sufficiency in rice production in the next Iranian calendar year (to start March 20, 2013), Iranian Deputy Agricultural Jihad Minister Jahangir Porhemmat has announced. According to the Agriculture Jihad Ministry's plan, Iran was supposed to reach self-sufficiency in the rice production field by the end of the current Iranian calendar year, but officials announced in November that the plan needs some more three years for completion.

Hello and welcome to the inaugural column for Grain & Feed Milling Technology by Tom from the

International Milling Directory (IMD). These two publications are normally separated by the different purposes and also by the building’s walls here at the Perendale offices.

T h e I M D coordinator job changed hands at the end of last year and I am pleased to have taken up the post for the 2013/14 directory. There is much to get done and our amb i t ions are h i g h e r t h a n ever before. We’re determined to produce a reliable directory with a broad depth of information and real benefits for investing in a listing. Teamwork from others in the team and an extra assistant from early February will be essential for its success. This will be especially true when I exhibit the IMD and other publications of Perendale at GEAPS Exchange in Louisville, Tennessee, USA in late February; it would be fantastic to meet members and users of the IMD there.The current edition has mostly been distributed - so place an order now before they are all gone!The 2013/14 directory already has advanced pre-orders and will be going to several conferences around the world after July’s publication of the 22nd edition. I am also delighted that new companies in many fields have registered themselves for the new edition. These include Canada Trading Inc., FrontalRain Technologies, Yasar Group, Personalized Nutraceuticals, Parantez, Finetek, Borg Mills and Biochem GmbH.Do update or register your company’s listing now at www.internationalmilling.com. Free and paid options are available online or through our own media file - please contact me for a media file and registration forms.Check out daily news and updates on the IMD blog at www.millinginternational.com.

More Information:Tel: +44 1242 267700Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk

Tom Blacker, sales manager and directory coordinator, International Milling Directory

Tom Blacker

The world is producing 959 million tons of feed and has increased

its production by at least four percent in the last year, according to the 2013 Global Feed Tonnage Survey released by Alltech. Alltech assessed the compound feed production of 134 countries in December 2012, through informa-tion obtained in partner-ship with local feed associa-tions and Alltech’s sales team, who visit more than 26,000 feed mills annually.

“The 2013 publication of the annual year-end assessment by Alltech is being released as an industry outlook resource for the new calendar year and will hopefully allow governments, non-governmental organisations and the greater public to appreciate the value that the feed industry is generating globally,” said Aidan Connolly, vice president of Alltech and director of Alltech’s

annual Global Feed Tonnage Survey.Among the 134 countries assessed in Alltech’s survey, China was reaffirmed as the chief producer of feed at 191 million tons and an estimated 10,000 feed mills. Consistent with late 2011 assessments, the United States and Brazil followed with 179 million tons produced by 5,251 feed mills and 66 million tons produced by 1,237 feed mills respectively. Overall , a 26 mill ion ton increase was observed in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) year to date.Asia continues to be the world’s number one producing region at 350 million tons and this is a 13 percent increase compared to the figures 12 months ago. Over 43 percent of the total pig feed production comes from this region and more than half (56%) of the global aqua feed is produced in Asia. However, Africa exceeded Asia in percent growth over 2011 results,

increasing its tonnage nearly 15 p e rce n t from 47 million in 2011 to 54 million in 2012.Globally, the survey identified 26,240 feed mills, with China serving as home to 10,000 of them. Together with the other Asian countries this number reaches 12,149. The Middle East was estimated to have the largest feed mills, with an average of more than 63,000 tons produced per mill which is signif icantly higher to the Asian figures of 28,818 tons. Sixty percent of feed produced globally is pelleted, with percentages particularly high in Europe.When analysed by species:· Poultry continues to dominate with a 43 percent share of the feed market at 411 million tons, likely due to religious and taste preferences as well as cost. It grew by approximately 8 percent over 2011 estimates globally which is lower than the growth of over 13% inAsia . Sixty percent of all poultry feed tonnage is dedicated to broilers, with the rest fed to egg layers, turkeys, duck and other fowl.· The pig feed sector matched poultry’s 8 percent growth, moving to 218 million tons globally. Asia’s share is 94,5 million tons of it which is more than 13 percent increase as of last year’s figures.· The ruminant feed market, comprising dairy, beef and small ruminants, grew more than 13 percent between late 2011 and December 2012, and now requires 254 million tons. The annual growth in this area is also more dynamic in the Asian continent (15%; 94.1 million tones).· Equine feed tonnage increased almost 17 percent to 10.8 million tons. · Aquaculture is the fastest growing species sector by tonnage with growth greater than 55 percent since 2011. Out it this, Asia was responsible for 25.6million tones.

Pet food represents 20.5 million tons, 40 percent of which is produced in the United States, but Brazil continues to make considerable advances in this sector.“As we look to the demands of the future, chiefly the feeding of 9 billion people by 2050, these survey results should stir optimism and resolve within our feed and food industries,” said Dr. Pearse Lyons, president of Alltech. “Our global feed industry is rising to the challenge, and we’re seeing growth across the board. Moreover, we’re seeing it in some particularly key areas– BRIC, Africa and aquaculture.”Global feed production has traditionally been dif f icult to quantify because many countries lack a national feed association. For this reason, Alltech began in late 2011 to leverage its global presence to obtain a finer estimate of the world’s feed tonnage. The results of the annual year-end assessment are announced in January as an industry outlook resource for the new calendar year.Connolly presented the 2012 Alltech Global Feed Tonnage Survey f indings at a joint meeting of the International Feed Industry Federat ion and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in October 2012. The meeting identified the need to collect more detailed information, a request to which Alltech responded, engendering a deep appreciation for what the feed industry is delivering worldwide.

Alltech Feed Survey Findings: World Increases Production to 959 Million Tons

200 years - commercial grain mills have operated in Canada

1851 - Year that the grandfather of all Canadian milling wheat was introduced to the country

55 - Commercial wheat and oat mills in Canada

8 - of Canada’s 13 provinces and territories have commercial scale wheat and oat mills operations

3.5 million tonnes - of wheat, oats and barley are ground in Canadian mills each year

75% - is produced in western Canada

30 - countries import Canadian milled grain

1,400 - people work in milling production

20% - of Canada’s grain mills are less than 15 years old

$1.5 billion - is to be invested in Canadian grain milling facilities

Source: Canadian Grain Millers Association

NUMBER CRUNCHING

Canada

Grain and feed processed within hammer mills is common fuel for dust explosions due to the nature

of its handling and storage. Any time that feed such as grain, meals and flours is handled or moved, the fine organic dusts are at risk of burning and exploding.

Explosion causesA fire or explosion results from ignition

of combustible material (dust, gas or vapour) when mixed with oxygen in the air. When this takes place inside a grain silo, process or storage enclosure, the rapid rise in pressure could cause a violent explosion in millisec-onds, placing personnel and property at risk.

Just a few burning embers entering a dust collector are enough to trigger a dust explosion. Likewise, combustible material conveyed into a storage silo could become the nucleus of a fire. Sparks or smouldering particles from hammer mill operations may spread from the mill to other more vulner-able equipment.

Most materials handling, processing and storage equipment is not designed to resist the pressure of an expanding flame ball which proceeds below the speed of sound in air – known as a deflagration – as com-

pared to a detonation, which exceeds the speed of sound in air. Most grain dusts are combustible and can cause an explosion, but some types are much more dangerous than others, especially dust associated with corn or sugar.

The effects of accidental fires or explo-sions can be devastating in terms of lives lost, injuries, damage to property and the environment, and to business continuity.

Serious secondary effectsGrain dust explosions can have a cascade

effect. Grain dust that has settled on floors

or walls can be thrown into the air by a dust explosion, thus providing fuel for secondary explosions. Often, these secondary explo-sions cause more damage than the first. In this way, a dust explosion can jump from room to room or from silo to silo. This is a common phenomenon in grain dust explosions. For example, one of the most dangerous areas for grain dust explosions is in the bucket elevator or conveying system linked to a silo. The grain is always in motion, so dust is constantly generated.

Protection measures An explosion risk assessment will typi-

cally recommend that a series of protection measures be implemented. These range from investment in protection equipment to improvements in housekeeping to elimi-nate the build-up of deposits of combusti-ble dust which may accumulate on beams in the factory. These may be disturbed by a primary explosion in the process equip-ment and result in a more severe secondary explosion.

Codes and standards are now very clear in requiring isolation of vented equipment to prevent secondary explosions, which typi-cally have much greater potential for damage and destruction.

Controlling the explosion risks within hammer mills

by Kevin Spiess, EMEA sales manager for explosion protection, BS&B Safety Systems,

United Kingdom

SparkEx Spark Detection and Extinguishing system

FEATURE

Bespoke systems My organisation, BS&B Safety Systems,

has launched a bespoke combustible dust fire and explosion prevention system for hammer mills based on established systems developed for other industries. The SparkEx Spark Detection and Extinguishing System is designed to detect hot particles, sparks and glowing embers that might become the igni-tion source for a fire or explosion if allowed to travel on through pneumatic ducting and conveyors towards other material handling equipment.

By preventing sparks, embers and hot particles from reaching dust rich down-stream process equipment such as dust collectors, bins and silos, both fire and explo-sion risks can be managed.

Using infrared detectors, the system detects the radiated light emitted from sparks, glowing embers and hot particles travelling past the detection point and acti-vates control circuits. The greatest sensitivity occurs when these sensors are employed in a dark area such as closed ductwork, although optional daylight detectors are also available for use on open conveyor belts and for applications where light is likely to be visible. Upon detection this system provides several options to manage the ignition risk:

• An electrical signal generated by the sensor activates control circuits typically used to operate an automatic water-extinguishing curtain. Sparks can be extinguished without stopping production.

• An automated shut down of the process can prevent the feed of combustible material.

• Alarm and control systems can be activated upon the detection of hot particles for other control devices such as diverter valves.The system detectors and control unit

are ATEX certified for use in a dusty work-ing environment. This means there are no expensive costs for additional wiring to run from detectors to remote mounted control units and plant personnel have direct access to the status of the equipment. In the event of an alarm condition, the operator can see immediately which process is at risk. A web based monitoring system, which allows plant managers to receive system alarms and faults to their smart phones, as well as monitor-ing the systems live on the internet, is also available.

In addition to this preventative sys-tem, systems for protection are available, should an explosion occur. A chemical isolation system isolates an explosion and prevents it from affecting interconnected

processes. If unprotected, the ductwork and piping, as well as all the connected vessels and equipment are at risk. This system is used in combination with explo-sion protection equipment on each vessel,

bin, or dust collector and could include chemical suppression, explosion venting or indoor venting.

Regulations, codes and standardsBecause of potential health problems,

laws exist to ensure employers in the EU protect their workers from being harmed by dangerous substances in the work-place. In the UK, under the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR), all work-places where substances that could give rise to fire or explosion are handled or stored must be fully assessed and protected.

Employers must carry out risk assessments, and take steps to ensure they prevent or adequately con-trol exposure. It is important to include in the assessment foreseeable inci-dents and main-tenance work and plan for measures to be taken in these circumstances.

ATEX is the name com-monly given to Directive 94/9/EC which pro-vides the techni-cal requirements to be applied and the relevant conformity assessment pro-cedures before placing equip-

ment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres on the European market.

By investing in explosion protection, organisations can safeguard themselves eco-

nomically, follow appropriate health and safety standards and protect workers from potential risks.

More InforMatIon:BS&B Safety SystemsTel: +44 161 955 4202Email: sales@bsb-systems.co.ukWebsite: www.bsbipd.com

FEATURE

When food is manufactured, a number of by-products are created and a proportion of

the finished product can’t be placed on the market for consumption by humans. This can be for a variety of reasons such as packaging defects, or for technological reasons such as the wrong size or weight biscuits, over-baking, trial runs or over ordering and out of date stock.

Many of these former foodstuffs, includ-ing biscuits, bread, breakfast cereals, grain products, crisps and confectionery can have a very high nutritional value – being a source of high quality fats, sugar and carbohydrates. After checking their safety and traceability and therefore suitability, SugaRich converts them into high quality ingredients for use in animal feed, avoiding waste from food that is not destined for human consumption.

After processing, the foods are blended to the required feed formulation, then sieved and ground to create a free flowing meal. Finished feed is delivered direct to the com-pounder, blender or farm.

With so many other issues to man-age within busy food production sites or supermarket chains, getting the surplus food disposed of as waste may seem like the simplest choice, even if this results in a cost being levied to the business and the waste potentially ending up in landfill. However, by working in partnership with feed compound-ers, blenders and farms, we provide food businesses with an environmentally friendly alternative.

According to a United Nation’s study, ‘Global Food Losses and Food Waste’ , a third of the world’s food is wasted and we all have a part to play in solving this problem. Former foodstuffs should be regarded as a resource, not a waste product.

Diversion of food waste from disposal is becoming an increasing priority for the UK government. Under current European Union waste regulations, the waste hierarchy gives the highest priority to waste prevention, fol-lowed by re use through the development of markets for valuable products, recycling and recovery. Disposal of waste products through landfill should be avoided wherever possible.

Business and environmental benefits

This ‘closed-loop’ recycling, by which the waste from one product is used in the mak-ing of another product, brings measurable economic gains to businesses and long-term benefits to the environment.

Food loss and waste are a major squan-dering of resources - water, land, energy and labour - and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Food sent to landfill biodegrades, releasing methane into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on the environment, while incineration may cause harmful green-house gas emissions.

The recovery of former foodstuffs and by-products for use as animal feed is a sus-tainable and economically beneficial solution for all major food businesses, encouraging zero waste to landfill, cost savings and even revenue generation.

Preventing food waste makes good busi-ness sense. Revenue is generated not just by the money saved from sending waste to landfill and the associated charges involved, but from the waste itself. Using materials

more efficiently, and managing waste better enables manufacturers to reduce costs, make money and decrease the environmental impact.

From our work with the largest European food manufacturers, supermarkets and dis-tributors, over 350,000 tonnes of surplus food per annum has been diverted from traditional waste disposal routes.

Many businesses are unaware of how significantly waste impacts on their bottom line. We replace the term ‘waste’ with ‘resource,’ working with organisations to help them ensure compliance in respect of the waste hierarchy, encouraging them to reduce, reuse and recycle. Organisations need to think differently about waste to move beyond waste reduction to actively eliminating waste from the supply chain.

Legislative compliance Anything designated for feed use will

ultimately be re-entering the food chain, so strict adherence to regulations are essential. When former foodstuffs are used to pro-duce animal feed, certain legal obligations are placed on the factory of production. By law, the factory is deemed a ‘Feed Business Operator’ and has to be compliant under the Feed Hygiene Regulations EU 183/2005, which applies to all businesses that make, use or market animal feed.

Feed businesses in this context include manufacturers selling by-products of food production into the feed chain, livestock farmers and arable farms growing crops for feed use. The regulation applies at all points in the supply and use of feed, and requires feed businesses to comply with standards in respect of facilities, storage, personnel and record-keeping.

Hygiene standards are very important in the disposal of the surplus foodstuffs.

Recycling surplus factory food into quality animal feeds

by Paul Featherstone, group director, SugaRich, United Kingdom

FEATURE

Products no longer intended for human consumption, which may be destined for farm animal feeding, must be kept separate during transport, storage and dispatch to and from a supermarket returns depot or food manufacturing plant.

Our services are fully accredited to the

Feed Materials Assurance Scheme (FEMAS) standard ensuring that all feeds are fully traceable from source to supply giving both quality controlled service and products. The scheme is based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles, an inter-nationally recognised system of hazard analy-

sis. Over recent years HACCP has become a central requirement of food and feed safety legislation.

The logistics – from food production to the feed industry

Each food production site has differ-

Are you social?Keep up to date with us in-between issues by following us on any of our social platforms

Take a look at our newly re-vamped Facebook page, that now covers updates from GFMT as well as all of the very best of The Global Miller’s newshttp://www.facebook.com/GrainFeedMillingTechnology

See our previous editions online for free

www.gfmt.co.uk/archive.php

A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891

In this issue:

• NIR in practice

• Rice and contract terms

• New weighing software for UK co-operative

May - June 2012

• LC-MS/MS:The New Reference Method for Mycotoxin Analysis

• Fast, reliable and flexible:

the world of modern bulk weighing

• Mould controlin grain and feed preservation

GFMT12.03.indd 1 22/06/2012 08:48

In this issue:

• Improving supply from farm to fork

• Victam Asia Product Showcase

• Global grain & feed markets

March - April 2012

• Assessing cereal quality parameters

• Controlling Insects with heat

• Grinding by a proven concept makes your choice simple

GFMT12.02.indd 1 17/04/2012 13:05

In this issue:

• Increasing storage capacity

• Digital microwave moisture measurement

• Global grain & feed markets

January - February 2012

• Bulk storage & handling

• Preservatives Preservatives are a recurring

topic in public discussions

• EfficiencyEnergy saving in flour milling

GFMT12.01.indd 1 02/02/2012 10:12

In this issue:

• Mycotoxins an overview

• Database for animal diet formulation techniques: A glance to last decade

• Food safetyin the grain milling industry

• Recent advances in rapid grain testing

November - December 2011

• African advances

Animal feed milling is one of the most buoyant activities in the agri related field

• Optical sorting Optical sorting has come of

age and should be considered as a serious option for inclusion in any modern wheat cleaning plant

• Get in lineProcess analysis solutions open new opportunities for improved profit and quality

GFMT11.06.indd 1 30/11/2011 17:28

In this issue:

• Sample preparation of feeds and forage for NIR analysis

• 15-Year Celebration: Fortifying with folic acid prevents 22,000 birth defects annually

• Global Feed Markets:Wheat supply grows and grows as corn crop shrinks

October 2011

• Producing Flaked breakfast Cereals

• Direct Cold Plasma: The innovative answer to odour control in the food and feed industry

• Milling Technology Redefined

GFMT11.05.indd 1 05/10/2011 09:49

FEATURE

ent challenges. Our expert team audit the whole location and production processes to identify the areas where there are issues to be addressed and highlight possible hidden revenue sources. Tailor-made surplus food handling installations are designed and built to suit each individual food factory site, with on-going maintenance, reporting and review.

Critical control points for food safety are implemented through our HACCP systems which prevent the mixture of any non-food waste and ensure feed materials are free from any chemical or microbiological impurities.

Where inedible products or products prohibited from inclusion in feed (such as meat or fish) are stored or handled on the same site as surplus foods intended for feed use, there must be physical separation between these products and the feed prod-ucts. This will ideally be full physical segrega-tion of buildings and equipment. Detailed records of disposal of non-feed products must be maintained.

To make the process of segregating the waste as straightforward as possible, the

total waste management side of our busi-ness, SugaRecycle, can help with the stream-ing and managing of all waste products from plastics and oils through to card, packaging, metal and more.

Sealed containers with surplus food are collected and returned using specialist vehi-cles. All containers are clearly marked to avoid any chance of confusion between surplus food materials and waste.

The surplus food is then transported to our purpose built reprocessing centres where computer generated formulations manufacture a feed material to exact cus-tomer specifications. SugaRich produce a range of bakery, biscuit and confectionery meals to suit feed compounders, blenders and home mixers. This includes SugaRich Premier Biscuit, a high oil biscuit meal suit-able for inclusion in both broiler and high intensity pig feeds.

Quality feed within the food chain

Remember to take the advice of a nutritionist on feed mixtures and ensure

they are used as part of a balanced diet paying particular attention to an adequate supply of long fibre. Animal feed plays an important part in the food chain and has implications for the composition and quality of the livestock products (milk, meat and eggs) that people consume. Our high-quality feed is delivered direct to the compounder, blender or farm. This high-energy livestock feed helps to improve livestock productivity.

The Food Standards Agency is responsible for drawing up the rules on the composition and marketing of animal feed. The Agency's main aims in this area are to help protect consumer and animal health. Another aim is to ensure that those buying the feed are provided with sufficient information to allow them to make informed choices.

In summary, by recognising that former foodstuff is a resource and not a waste prod-uct, the feed industry and food businesses can work together to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill every year, save costs, turn waste into revenue and lessen environ-mental damage.

FEATURE

Transporting grain by barge is an ecological and cost-efficient alterna-tive to railway and truck haulage.

Bühler’s low-maintenance Bargolink unloading system makes this mode of transport even more competitive.

Since time immemorial, ships have been used to deliver bulk goods over long distanc-es, using the river current as a natural force to carry them downstream or yoking draft animals for upstream transport. Although trucks and trains have taken up a large part of this task in the modern age, barges are still a viable alternative for many goods. A barge carrying one ton of cargo can travel five times as far on five liters of diesel as a truck with the same freight – 500 km compared to the truck’s 100 km of range overland. A ship carrying 3,000 tons of goods is equivalent to 50 railway cars or 100 trucks.

Another plus is the ability to use an existing network of rivers, canals, and locks, which decongests the overland highway

system. Continental Europe is crisscrossed by waterways. From the gateway ports on the English Channel and along the northern Mediterranean, grain is distributed to the inland markets of Western and Central Europe by barges. The Bargolink serves the needs of customers all along this system of waterways – mainly grain handlers and processors whose business model depends on short berthing times and reliable high-volume unloading capacities.

Straddling dry land and waterBühler has developed its Bargolink to

unload barges of up to 5,000 DWT at capacities of 150 to 300 tons per hour.

Here is how it works: a marine leg is positioned amidships in the material to be unloaded, where the marine leg moves through the product. To improve the feeding of the unloader, the marine leg is equipped with a fixed mounted feeding screw (hinged in order to equalise the inclination of the vessel) which digs into the grain in the ship’s

hold and lifts it up onto a horizontal chain conveyor that carries the cargo to the port’s storage units.

These state-of-the-art ship unloaders are available as mobile or stationary versions. The stationary unit is fixed on the pier and the barge is automatically towed by winches, taking the role of moving the barge for continuous unloading. The mobile version on rails is equipped with a travelling gear, so the barge can stay fixed at the pier. As a result, the Bargolink enables customised terminal plants according to specific requirements, taking into account the available space for unloader and barge.

The mechanical process is not only easier on the wheat, causing less wast-age and defects and keeping the grain in a higher grading; it is also more cost- and energy-efficient than pneumatic unloading. Furthermore, the Bargolink is less susceptible to breakdowns. A pneumatic system’s fan is easily degraded by the fine particles it conveys; the Bargolink’s mechanical process

Efficient barge unloading technology for grain handling on inland waterways by Sandro Suppa, sales

manager, terminals and Vincent van der

Wijk, product manager Bargolink, Bühler,

Switzerland

FEATURE

means longer uptime, lower operating costs, less expenses on maintenance and spares, and half the energy usage. This makes the whole unloading process more economical and environmentally sustainable, especially considering the added demurrage costs to vessels if a pneumatic system breaks down. Lastly, the Bargolink operates at lower noise levels and does not generate lower frequen-cies than pneumatic systems whose loud droning and changing volumes may consti-tute a health hazard.

Already three customers in China, Croatia and France have been convinced that they can benefit from Bühler’s Bargolink. Altogether, Bühler’s Bargolink offers an investment-friendly, highly flexible and effi-cient solution for unloading systems used for inland water transportation in the genuine Buhler manufacturing quality combined with best in class components.

More InforMatIon:Bühler GmbHGrain Logistics, CH-9240, Uzwil, Switzerland

Tel: +41 719 551111Fax: +41 719 553949Email: grain-logistics@buhlergroup.comWebsite: www.buhlergroup.com

VIGAN Engineering s.a. • Rue de l’Industrie, 16 • B-1400 Nivelles (Belgium)Phone : +32 67 89 50 41 • Fax : +32 67 89 50 60 • Web : www.vigan.com • E-mail : info@vigan.com

VIGAN manufactures dry agribulk materials handling systems:

• Portable pneumatic conveyors or grain pumps (100 - 250 tph);

• Pneumatic Continuous barge & Ship Unloaders (160 - 800 tph);

• Mechanical Continuous Ship Unloaders (up to 1,500 tph);

• Mechanical loaders (up to 1,200 tph).

as well as complete storage systems in ports and the agricultural industries.

From project design to complete turnkey bulk handling solutionsand port terminals with mechanical and/or pneumatic

reliable and cost effective equipment.

PYEONGTAEK PORTSouth Korea1 NIV 400 tphOn rails with cable reels

LATTAKIA PORTSyria 2 Mobile T200 2 x 250 tph

SWINOUJSCIEPoland (BUNGE GROUP)1 Loader 600 tph

An affiliate company of VAN DE WIELE group.

Latest references

Visit our web

www.vigan.com

Ann A5 victam 0212.indd 1 21/02/12 15:37:04

FEATURE

Enzyme technology is an integral tool for the brewing, baking and textile industries. In agriculture

there is great potential for enzymes too but this is yet to be fully exploited. However, animal nutrition is one area in which the use of feed enzymes is becoming increasingly important.

There are three driving factors in animal production that are leading to the develop-ment and adoption of feed enzyme technol-ogy. First, the world’s growing population has meant global demand for food and in particular meat and meat products have increased substantially. In addition, produc-ers are also continually looking for novel methods of increasing their efficiency and productivity and the cost and availability of raw materials for animal feed is the second factor continuing price rises are a major con-straint to meeting demand. The third factor is concern over the environmental fragility of the planet and the pressure on agricultural industries to reduce their reliance on vital resources.

Major ingredients in monogastric feeds

The major ingredients used in most monogastric feeds are of vegetable origin including ground cereals such as maize, wheat and barley or vegetable by-products such as wheat middlings and rice bran. It also includes processed protein ingredients such as soybean, or rapeseed extractions and unprocessed materials such as peas or beans. All these materials have a complex structure of carbohydrates, protein and oil and the carbohydrates are further described as sugars, starch and non-starch polysac-charides (NSP).

Digging deeper, the NSP components

can be further divided into beta-glucans, celluloses and pentosans. Indeed, many dif-ferent types of enzymes are secreted within the digestive tract but there are cases where the enzymes that are necessary for complete digestion are not produced by the animal or are only present at very low levels. In monogastric animals it is the enzymes that are required to breakdown the NSP fraction of the diet that are missing.

Increasing feed value through enzymes

The NSP fraction of barley and oats con-tains beta-glucans which can hold significant amounts of water causing high gut viscosity. Young pigs and poultry lack the required beta-glucanase enzyme to break the link-ages of the molecule and this is a problem because it has an anti-nutritional effect by blocking the absorption of nutrients. Increased viscosity also reduces the rate of passage thus lowering feed intake with the end result being reduced growth rates, feed conversion and the appar-ent metabolisable energy of the diet. Increased viscosity additionally results in wet litter which in poultry leads to conditions such as necrotic enteritis, hock burns and breast blisters.

Similarly in wheat, a common cereal choice in temperate climates, the NSP fraction contains a high level of arabinoxylans. Xylanase is the enzyme that pigs and poultry require in order to break these compounds down but they are also deficient in them and, it was not until the development of beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes for animal feed in the 1980s, that this

issue was addressed. Now these enzymes are commonplace, certainly in Europe, where poultry diets are principally com-posed of wheat and barley.

Recent enzyme developmentsMore recently, positive effects in animal

performance have also been noted with ‘non-viscous’ cereals such as maize and sor-ghum (Choct, 2006). The digestive system in pigs differs slightly from poultry and the issue of increased viscosity from wheat and barley is not a problem in these species. The addition of feed enzymes in pig diets has also demonstrated positive effects (Dierick and Decuypere, 1994) and it is recognised that beta-glucanases and xylanases are able to degrade plant cell wall which leads to a release of nutrients from grain endosperm

Table 1: Optimal temperature and pH properties from some fungal endoxylanases (adapted from Corral and Villanseñor-Ortega, 2006)

SOURCEOptimum

Temperature (Oc)

Optimum Ph

Apergillus kawachiiABC

605550

5.54.52.0

Aspergillus nigerXynA I

XyanA II50

45-505.04.5

Penicillium CapsulatumXynAXynB

4.04.0

Talaromyces emersoniiXyn IXyn IIXynIII

Xyn IVXyn V

7577737780

4.74.34.24.34.2

by Elizabeth Norton, nutritionist, Anpario plc, United Kingdom

FEATURE

and the aleurone layer cells and therefore improves the energy value of the feed.

Reducing pathogenic bacteria in the colon

A third possible mechanism by which the nutritive value of feed is increased by feed enzymes is through the release of oligosac-charides (Choct and Cadogan, 2001). These can be formed during the degradation of storage and cell wall carbohydrates by sup-plemental enzymes and are able to resist further degradation by digestive enzymes and so able to reach the colon. Once in the colon these oligosaccharides are a nutri-ent source for beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp which suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Clostridium, Campylobacter and Escherichia coli. It is well established that reducing pathogenic bacteria in the colon improves weight gain and the feed conver-sion ratio in pigs and poultry.

Cost saving feed formulationRegardless of the mechanism by which

the energy value of feed is increased, the fact that it occurs is of significant importance for producers and nutritionists. This allows for greater flexibility when formulating diets meaning that alternative feed ingredients, which are traditionally of lower nutritive value, can be utilised in the formulation. This can result in significant savings in feed costs for producers where, for example, some of the wheat-based portion of the diet can be replaced with cheaper barley, providing a suitable blend beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes are incorporated into the diet.

Phytase developmentThe 1990s saw the development of the

next enzyme of significant importance in ani-mal nutrition, phytase. Phosphorous is a very important and valuable mineral element in all species as it is crucial for bone development and metabolic processes.

In plants, the majority of phosphorous is stored in the form of phytate. Monogastrics are unable to utilise the phosphorous in phytate so it is a major source of an important nutrient that is normally wasted. Instead, producers have to supplement diets with inorganic phosphorous supplements although dependence on inorganic phos-phorous supplements is a challenge because global reserves of rock phosphate are not renewable and the price has escalated. Furthermore, producers have a tendency to over-supplement with inorganic phos-phorous with the result that most of it is excreted by the animal and becomes a major environmental pollutant.

Phytase benefitsWhen the development of phytase

enzymes began it was largely to reduce the requirements for inorganic phospho-rous thus saving money for producers and

reducing the envi-ronmental impact. However, it has become apparent that further nutri-tional benefits are achieved because phytate has the capacity to bind other important minerals such as calcium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper thus reducing their bioavailability in the digestive tract.

Additional research has also revealed that the inclusion of phytase can improve both ileal amino acid digestibility and dietary avail-able metabolisable energy (Ravindran et al 2001). Phytate is therefore con-sidered as both an indigestible nutri-ent and an anti-nutrient and inter-estingly, in the last decade, research has demonstrated that administering unconvention-ally high doses or by ‘superdosing’ phytase in diets that animal perform-ance can be sub-stantially improved (Cowieson et al 2011).

Challenges associated with enzymes use

One of the major challenges with the cur-rent use of feed enzymes is that producers face dif-ficult decisions on which varieties to use and at what inclusion rates. Aside from the diet formulation and the ingredi-ents used, there are a number of factors that can affect the efficacy of feed enzymes.

8 – 10 April 2014 . Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand

New for 2014 Now including the first ASEAN Feed Summit

Specialist conferences The exhibition will be supportedby its own specialist conferences.They will include: The FIAAP Conference 2014Petfood Forum Asia 2014Aquafeed Horizons Asia 2014The Thai Feed Conference 2014

Supported by The Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau

Co-located with VICTAM Asia 2014www.victam.com

Contact details For visitor, exhibition stand space and conference information please visit:www.fiaap.com

Asia’s foremost exhibition andconferences for the ingredientsand additives used in the production of animal feeds,aquafeeds and petfoods

FIAAP Asia 2014 is the only dedicated trade show and conference organised specifically for feed ingredients,additives and formulation within the dynamic and growing region of South and South East Asia.

FIAAP:ad 5/2/13 10:37 Page 1

RAISING STANDARDS

Now with

MLA technology

Raise your standards of performance with Econase® XT and Mixer Liquid Application.

Looking for improved profitability in uncertain times?

Econase® XT Mixer Liquid Application technology optimises production and feed efficiency, offering you significant cost savings.

The only liquid NSP enzyme stable enough to add prior to pelleting.

• Improved FCR • Consistent in-feed homogeneity • Can reduce power consumption when pelleting

Econase® XT from AB Vista – the leaders in enzyme innovation.

Find out more: E: econasext@abvista.com T: +44 (0)1672 517664 W: abvista.com

Performance, flexibility and stability

Commercially enzymes are produced by sub-merged culture fermentation using micro-organisms grown on substrate. Individual enzymes which are produced by the same microorganisms can be completely different and even those produced by the same micro-organism, but on different substrates, may have different actions engendering their specificity. It is the optimal temperature and pH at which these enzymes are most active that is most affected by the different sources (Table 1).

This clearly has implications on how effec-tively enzymes will function in the digestive tract. Generally the digestive tract of monogastric species such as pigs and poultry is amenable to exogenous enzymes but the reasons for this can differ depending on the species. In pigs, for example, the stomach can store a large quantity of feed increasing the pH and the feed is also retained in the small intestine longer which is favourable for optimal exogenous enzyme activity. However, superior and more consistent results are often seen in poultry which may be due to the lower moisture content in poultry digesta (Svihus 2010) and also, certain ingredi-ents used in diets may affect the pH in the tract and the natural variations in nutritional value of cereal grains can render enzymes ineffective.

The current enzymes available have taken years to develop and have proven effi-cacy in pigs and poultry as demonstrated by numerous in vivo trials. Nonetheless, greater understanding of the sources of variation that contribute to mitigating or accentuating the effect of feed enzymes will enable nutritionists and producers to figure out optimal inclusions for specific enzymes in diet formulations.

Another area that has been a major focus of research is the development of types of enzyme that can withstand the extreme conditions during feed manufacture. Thermostability is of particular importance and this can be achieved through either genetic manipulation or protective coatings and these products are now widely available.

Enzymes and ruminantsResearch has also demonstrated that feed

enzymes can be very effective for improv-ing performance in ruminant species too, although there are many challenges that need to be addressed before they are made commercially available. The complexity of the rumen microbial ecosystem and the proc-ess of fibre digestion means that the mode of action of ruminant enzymes is not well understood. Further information regarding the synergy between feed enzyme additives and the rumen enzymes produced by the existing microflora is also needed. Some research has however found evidence of cooperation between the two but it has also been noted that feed enzymes compete with fibrolytic bacteria in the rumen for available binding sites on feed (Morgavi et al., 2004).

Enzymes and aquaculture Aquaculture is another industry that

could benefit from the application of feed

enzymes. It continues to be the fastest growing animal food-producing sector and is set to outpace human population growth. Omnivorous fish species such as tilapia and carp can utilise plant-based diets and are of increasing importance, therefore fibre-degrading enzymes such as xylanase and beta-glucanase may be beneficial.

The reliance of fishmeal for carnivorous fish species is having a negative impact on the environment and is also highly expensive, so identifying alternative protein sources for these species is of vital importance. At present very little research on feed enzymes in aqua-culture has been documented although some initial studies have reported improvements in phosphorous availability in diets through the addition of phytase in fish feeds (Jackson et al, 1996; Hughes and Soares, 1998) and the development of enzymes that can withstand processing pressure during fish feed manufac-ture is clearly an important factor too.

Enzymes and energy productionFinally, the need to reduce reliance on

fossil fuels and utilise renewable fuel sources such as bioethanol presents further opportu-nities for the use of feed enzymes in animal nutrition. Production of ethanol by the enzy-matic breakdown of starch and sugars, fol-lowed by yeast-driven fermentation creates a number of waste-products that could be utilised as animal feed ingredients. The main waste-product available is distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). There is some current debate over the nutritional value of DDGS as this can be affected by the initial grain used for the bioethanol production. Arabinoxlans and phytate content has also reported to be higher in DDGS than those found in feedstock cereals grains (Zijlstra and Beltranena, 2009) and the quality of protein and amino acid availability in DDGS is also questionable (Péron and Partridge, 2010). However, due to the apparent availability of this as a feed source used in conjunction with exogenous enzymes, DDGS has poten-tial and research in this area is increasing.

The growing importance of enzymes

In conclusion, feed enzymes are an increas-ingly important tool in animal nutrition. This article has attempted to demonstrate how enzymes can alleviate pressures relating to the increase in demand for global meat produc-tion, constraints on raw material availability and calls for reducing the environmental impact of animal production. The application of fibre-degrading and phytase enzymes in pig and poultry diets is widely available and has proven beneficial effects. Feed enzyme manufacturers continue to improve existing enzymes building on the knowledge that has been developed over the last two decades. Developing varieties for other species such as cattle and fish and new feed ingredients like DDGS offer further potential for the use of feed enzymes in animal nutrition in the years ahead.

ReferencesChoct, M. (2006) Enzymes for the feed industry:

past, present and future. World’s PoultryScience Journal 62, 5–16.Choct, M. and Cadogan, D.J. (2001) How effective

are supplemental enzymes in pig diets? In:Cranwell, P.D. (ed.) Manipulating Pig Production VIII.

University of South Australia,Adelaide, Australia, pp. 240–247.Corral, O.L. and Villanseñor-Ortega, F. 2006

Xylanases. In: Guevara-González, R.G. and Torres-Pacheco, eds. Advances in Agricultural and Food Biotechnology Research Signpost 305-322.

Cowieson, A.J., Wilcock, P. and Bedford, M.R. (2011) Super-dosing effects of phytase in poultry and other monogastrics. World Poultry Science 67, 225- 235

Dierick, N.A. and Decuypere, J.A. (1994) Enzymes and growth in pigs. In: Cole, D.J.S.,

Wiseman, J. and Varley, M.J. (eds) Principles of Pig Science. Nottingham University

Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 169–195.Hughes, K.P. and Soares, Jr (1998) Efficacy of phytase

on phosphorous utilization in practical diets fed to striped bass Morone saxatilis. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4, 133-140.

Jackson, L.S., Li, M.H. and Robinson, E.H. 1996. Use of microbial phytase in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets to improve utilization of phytate phosphorous. Journal of World Aquaculture 27, 3, 309-313.

Morgavi, D.P., Beauchemin, K.A., Nsereko, V.L., Rode, L.M., McAllister, T.A. and Wang, Y.

(2004) Trichoderma enzymes promote Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 adhesion to, and

degradation of, complex substrates but not pure cellulose. Journal of the Science of Food

and Agriculture 84, 1083–1090.Péron, A. and Partridge, P.P., 2010. Other enzyme

applications relevant to the animal feed industry In: Bedford, M.R. and Partridge, G.G eds. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. CAB International, 231-248.

Ravindran, V., Selle, P.H., Ravindran, G., Morel, P.C.H., Kies, A.K. and Bryden, W.L. (2001)

Microbial phytase improves performance, apparent metabolizable energy and ileal amino

acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-defi cient diet. Poultry Science 80, 338–344.

Svihus, B. 2010 Effect of digestive tract conditions, feed processing and ingredients on response to NSP enzymes. In: Bedford, M.R. and Partridge, G.G eds. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. CAB International, 129-159.

Zijlstra, R.T. and Beltranena, E. (2009) Variability of quality in biofuel co-products. In:

Garnsworthy, P.C. and Wiseman, J. (eds) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition

2008. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 313–326

About the author:Elizabeth Norton is a nutritionist at Anpario

providing technical support across the com-pany’s brands. She is responsible for providing nutritional advice and diet formulations for cus-tomers. Elizabeth has a First Class BSc (Hons) Animal Science at the University of Plymouth.

More InforMatIon:Website: www.anpario.com

FEATURE

8 – 10 April 2014 . Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand

New for 2014 Now including the first ASEAN Rice Summit

Specialist conference The exhibition will be supportedby its own specialist conference: The GRAPAS Conference 2014

Supported by The Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau

Co-located with VICTAM Asia 2014www.victam.com

Contact details For visitor, exhibition stand space and conference information please visit:www.grapas.eu

Asia’s premier rice & flour milling and grain processing exhibition and conference

GRAPAS Asia 2014 is the only dedicated trade show and conference organised specifically for rice &flour milling, grain storage, preservation & processing, noodle, breakfast cereal and extruded snackproduction within the dynamic and growing regions of South & South East Asia.

GRAPAS:ad 30/1/13 10:53 Page 1

Feed industry use of NSP-enzymes continues to grow throughout the world. NSP enzymes are not

only necessary for reducing viscosity and thus potential problems with litter, but they also improve the nutrition-al value of the complete feed.

Liquid enzyme applicationAB Vista has now developed the Mixer

Liquid Application (MLA) technology for easier handling and application. Econase® XT is the only enzyme currently available on the market which is stable enough to be added at the batch mixer as a liquid product. The enzyme molecule itself is stable to pel-leting temperatures, so stabilising techniques such as coating are not required.

The Econase® XT MLA tech-nology will give users improved in-feed homogeneity and lower CV’s compared with traditional post-pelleting application of liquid enzymes. Trial data indicates a further economic benefit due to the specific energy requirement when pelleting feed produced with Econase® XT liquid added to the mixer. There are two hypotheses for this which are currently being trialed in commercial conditions:

1. The effect of reduced resistance of the feed (enzyme dilution) through the die is due to additional moisture in the feed material as the enzyme is diluted with water.

2. The xylanase starts to work in the mash feed immediately after dosing, improving the gelatinisation of starch during conditioning and thus reducing the resistance through the die.Adding liquids to feeds via the batch

mixer is a well evolved practice, the technol-ogy is well understood and the installation relatively straightforward. The MLA dosing system costs are significantly lower than the

equivalent for post pelleting application. The installation of one MLA system replaces sev-eral PPA systems installed at every press line.

Thermostability in liquid application

The thermo-stability of Econase® XT 25 L was assessed in a commercial feed mill. Five batches of regular corn-based broiler feed without Econase XT 25 L were produced, followed by ten batches of test diet with 100 g/ton addition of Econase® XT 25 L.

Each batch corresponded to six tons of feed produced in a horizontal mixer with application into the mixer following the

same system as other liquid additives were added to the same batch. All batches were conditioned at 90°C and then expanded at 107-110°C for a total time of 30 seconds.

The temperature of the feed was measured immediately after the die, and fluctuated between 94-96°C for all batches. For every batch, representative sam-ples were collected from the mixer under-hopper (mash) and pre- and post-pellet sieving, and sent for xylanase activity analysis. From the fifth batch, ten samples were sent for separate analysis to assess enzyme activity distribution within the batch (homogeneity).

Graph 1: Enzyme activity in mash and pellet samples from ten batches of feed

Raising standards to improve profitability with Econase XT Mixer Liquid Applicationby Paul Steen, engineering services director, AB Vista, United Kingdom

FEATURE

ConclusionEnzyme activ-

ity in the blank samples (no enzyme added) was below 1000 U/kg in both mash and pellet samples, confirming the low native xyla-nase activity in the feed. When Econase® XT 25 L was added to the ten batches, average recovery in the pellets was 90 percent, when compared with the activity of the mash sample, and 106 per-cent when compared with the expanded activity. Considering the high challenge of the hydrothermal processing conditions (90°C conditioning, followed by 100°C in an expander), these results highlight the outstanding intrinsic thermostability of the Econase® XT molecule. This also confirms the opportunity to add the liquid product directly in the mixer, even when producing pelleted feeds.

Analysis of the ten feed samples from batch five showed a high uniformity, with a CV of five percent in both the mash and

pellet samples. Therefore, in every sample from this batch mixer the aspired enzyme dose was applied.

In conclusion, Econase® XT liquid has a high degree of thermo-stability, and can be applied into the mixer when produc-ing pellet feeds. This should improve application consistency and can allow a reduction in investment costs for liquid application in feed mills with more than one pellet line.

More InforMatIon:Website: www.abvista.com

Graph 2: Uniformity of enzyme activity in ten samples from the fifth batch

"Econase® XT liquid has a high

degree of thermo-stability, and

can be applied into the mixer

when producing pellet feeds"

RAISING STANDARDS

Now with

MLA technology

Raise your standards of performance with Econase® XT and Mixer Liquid Application.

Looking for improved profitability in uncertain times?

Econase® XT Mixer Liquid Application technology optimises production and feed efficiency, offering you significant cost savings.

The only liquid NSP enzyme stable enough to add prior to pelleting.

• Improved FCR • Consistent in-feed homogeneity • Can reduce power consumption when pelleting

Econase® XT from AB Vista – the leaders in enzyme innovation.

Find out more: E: econasext@abvista.com T: +44 (0)1672 517664 W: abvista.com

Performance, flexibility and stability

WELCOME TO THE TWENTY FIRST EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MILLING DIRECTORY

Thepremierresourcefortheglobalfeedandflourmillingindustries

FEATURE

Belgium-based Vigan Engineering S.A. is more than a ship loaders/unloaders manufactur-

er, but a global solution provider for port development, and especial-ly for grain handling.

From initial project definition up to commissioning, Vigan is able to deliver turnkey terminals including a wide range of equipment and auxiliary devices thanks to its network of busi-ness partners.

Handling technologiesVigan masters both pneumatic and

mechanical technologies with a wide range of machines. Its mobile and port-able pneumatic machines (grain pumps)

are customised according to customers’ needs with many accessories available; they are adaptable to a lot of different working conditions. Capacity ranges from 100 to 250 tons/hour.

The advantages of the NIV pneu-matic continuous ship unloaders include very little manpower (just a single operator is needed); its hold cleaning efficiency; its capacity variability (from 160 to 800 tons/hour); and its easy and low-cost maintenance.

The mechanical ‘SIMPORTER’ is par-ticularly adapted for vessels up to Post-Panamax size and very high-capacity requirements of up to 1,500 tons/hour. It has the lowest energy consumption rate per unloaded ton (0.2-0.45 kWh/ton) and is even more environment-

friendly (no dust with a totally enclosed conveying, no noise, no material deg-radation as it is gently conveyed by a Twin-belt system).

Vigan mechanical loaders are designed for almost any kind of product in bulk with a density from 0.2 to 0.8, they are suitable for all sizes of barges or vessels. Dust control devices and optional features are available.

Port equipmentThe diversity of Vigan’s range of

equipment is a key-asset to propose the best adequate solution to any project requirements, whether pneumatic or mechanical is preferred, or even a com-bination of both.

Continuous ship (or barges) unload-

ers have particularly proven their suit-ability for unloading products such as all types of cereals, oilseeds, raw material for animal feeding and other free-flowing products. While it is a rather younger and more complex technology com-pared to grabs and conveyors, their number is continuously increasing world-wide due to their environmental assets - minimisation of product spillage, dust and noise pollution - and their overall profitability key advantages - more con-stant unloading rate, shorter unloading time, most efficient hold clean-up, and less manpower needed for example.

Moreover, the major advantage shouldn’t be forgotten: the operators’ safety which is maximum with CSUs.

Recent achievements include:

• In 2006, SDTV grain and fertilizer terminals in Djibouti were equipped by Vigan with two continuous ship unloaders (CSU), a mobile harbour crane, conveyors, stationary and mobile bagging stations, flat storage, two mobile portable machines. Last summer the terminal ordered three additional mobile bagging lines.

• The French port of Sète inaugurated its grain terminal extension in August 2012, for which, Vigan provided one mechanical ship loader with bucket elevator (capacity 800 tonnes/hour) for vessels up to 25,000 DWT and one pneumatic CSU (capacity 400 tonnes/hour) for barges and coaster vessels up to 5,000 DWT.

• The dry bulk terminal at Muuga Port, Estonia, with fertilizer handling and storage facilities including a rail unloading station, belt conveyors and dome storage silos, recently choose again Vigan’s UK subsidiary AS-C Projects Limited based in Stockport, England to carry out the third phase of expansion to their terminal. This includes three new dome storage silos (total additional storage of 27,400 tonnes) plus associated intake and outloading belt conveyor systems. Completion is scheduled for June 2013.

More InforMatIon:Website: www.vigan.com

FEATURE

Yeast products are getting more and more popular in aquaculture. However many products (as a

whole or as fractions) are on the aquacul-ture market at the moment and differen-tiating between one from another can be difficult. This small article aims at shading some lights on the subject and explains that all yeast products are not equal.

Yeast is a unicellular organism belong-ing to the kingdom of Fungi. More than a thousand species have been found in two major phyla: Basidiomycota and Ascomycota in which belong species able to duplicate by budding such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Due to their unique properties to grow under aerobic conditions and produce gas and ethanol under anaerobic conditions, some yeast (mostly S. cerevisiae) have been used for the manufacture of fermented foods such as bread , beer and wine for a long time. Yeasts are also used as single sell protein source in animal nutrition and in aquaculture under various forms and species (Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces and caetera). They can be found for example in shrimp and marine fish larval feeds or included as a protein source in aquafeeds.

The reasons for this extensive use is its excellent nutri-tional contents, its easy supply in dried form or under liq-uid form when bak-ery yeast plants or breweries are near aquafeed plants, and nowadays a competi-

tive price in regards to other protein sources such as fish or soybean meal. Further appli-cations are being developed for yeast as functional feed additives as probiotic live yeast, yeast fractions (yeast cell walls, yeast extracts) or as a source for more purified products such as beta-glucans and nucle-otides. The production process of yeast can allow the possibility to incorporate trace minerals and then produce highly bioavail-able organic trace minerals, also known as selenium and chromium yeast.

The pink yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, is naturally rich in astaxanthin and has been used for some time as natural source of the pigment in salmonids. Although now it tends to be replaced by bacterial products which have a higher concentration and whose cell wall is more easily degraded. We will only refer in the following article on products coming from S. cerevisiae origin.

Nutritional properties of yeastTypical dry yeast composition is 93-97

percent dry matter and can contain from 40 to 60 percent crude protein nitrogen, 35-45 percent carbohydrates, and 5-9 per-cent lipids. A quite important fraction of the nitrogen is under the form on nucleic acids (up to 12%) that can lead to produce significant level of uric acid if consumed at high concentration, like meat. The amino acid profile of yeast is close to soybean meal and therefore well adapted to animal nutri-tion; it is rich in Glutamic acid and Lysine (up to 8%). Yeast is naturally rich in B vitamins such as biotin, thiamine and folic acid. It also produces niacin but contrary to some belief does not produce B12 Vitamin. Ergosterol which is a significant fraction of yeast cell wall, also is also a precursor of Vitamin D2 by using UV treatments.

Baker’s yeastEven if their name remains Saccharomyces

cerevisiae (cerevisiae for beer), most of the strains of Baker’s yeast have been selected for their high fermentative power, particu-

larly useful for bakers. Strains are specific to the type of bread and the region where it is sold, in order to respond to different bread making conditions (French bread, white bread, flat bread, croissant, etc.) and resist to different process conditions (osmotic pressure from high sugared bread, freezing, acid-ity of sour dough,…).

Baker’s yeast comes as a pure and primary culture grown on sugar substrate such as molasses. The pro-duction is performed under very strict conditions in order to maintain the genetic puri-ty, consistency, specificity and efficacy of the strains. (Figure 1). It can be sold under differ-

Yeast in aquacultureby Philippe Tacon PhD, Lesaffre Feed Additives, France

Figure 1: Yeast manufacturing process (primary grown culture)

FEATURE

ent forms and packaging (instant dried yeast, active dry yeast, compressed, cream).

The primary grown culture controlled process makes also a very consistent base for the production of yeast extracts, autolysed yeast, yeast cell walls and their derivate: nucleotides and beta-glucans. Yeast cell walls produced from Baker’s yeast usually have a high content of mannans. They are recognised as good toxin binders. Fractions coming from baker’s yeast have a light beige colour.

The most popular aquaculture application of Baker’s yeast is in hatcheries where it is a major feed source for artemia and rotifer (see for example Couteau et al 1990).

Brewer’s yeastBrewer’s yeast can be identified either

as the ferment used in brewery industries (Yeast primary production) or the by-prod-uct of these industries which is the form mainly used in aquaculture. In the latter case, yeast biomass is harvested from the fermen-tation vats at the end of beer fermentation. It can be sold under liquid form (18-20% of dry matter) but preferentially as inactive yeast spray or drum dried. It can also been grown as a more controlled product and specific strains and find its way to human care as a food supplement and holistic thera-peutic, also known as natural brewer’s yeast.

Brewer’s yeast for aquafeed applications is sold by trading companies as a commodity based on the protein content, or by local breweries in need to dispatch their slurry. The quality and the supply of these products can be inconsistent and depends greatly on the source of supply.

The nutritional content is similar as the one in baker’s yeast, but contains more trace minerals such as selenium and chromium. The protein content of brewer yeast is relatively high and and its amino acid content is similar to baker’s yeast. Numerous works have shown the efficacy of Brewer’s yeast to replace partially or totally the proteins found in fish and vegetable meal in fish and shrimp. Shrimp feeds formulators typically incorporate brewer’s yeast in their formula at the rate of two to four percent.

Brewer’s yeast can be used to produce yeast fractions, however due to the nature of brewer’s yeast and the specificity of the production processes, the quality is less consistent than in baker’s yeast. Products coming from brewery yeast tend to have a distinctive bitter smell and taste and a darker colour than the ones coming from baker’s yeast.

Ethanol yeast Ethanol yeasts are harvested after having

performed alcoholic fermentation and distil-lation for the conventional production of Bioethanol from sugar-cane, beet sugar or grains syrup. In the first case, the yeast biomass is harvested and then dried with the recy-cled energy used to heat the vegetal material. The majority of ethanol yeast comes from Brazil.

Production prices and selling prices are very low, however the quality, such as the protein content is very inconsistent. The supply depends on the activity of the bioetha-nol plants and can also be inconsistent.

Another concern is the sanitary safety of these products. Antibiotics are sometimes added to the process in order to prevent bacteria competing with the yeast for nutri-ents and avoiding yield decrease. It is there-fore possible that some antibiotic residues and possibly other toxins might be left in the final dried product.

Autolysed yeast – Inactive Dried Yeast

Inactive and Autolysed yeast come from primary grown cultures or Brewer’s yeast.

Table 1: Effect of live yeast Actisaf on growth and survival parameters in tilapia under stress conditions. (n=3, P<0.05, measures with different letters are significantly different)

Treatment Survival (%) SGR FCR PER

CON 40% -10 fry 75.0ab 3.33a 3.11e 0.83ab

CON 40% -20 fry 64.8a 3.47a 3.26e 0.78ab

Act 40% - 10 fry 87.5bc 5.80d 1.43abc 1.89cd

Act 40% - 20 fry 92.6c 5.43c 1.01a 2.64d

Act 27% - 10 fry 91.7bc 5.46cd 1.62bc 2.26c

Act 27% - 20 fry 96.29c 5.24c 1.17ab 3.17eFigure 2: Schema of a process to produce yeast

extracts and yeast cell walls

FEATURE

They are major products within the food industry as flavour enhancers and in pet food as feed attractants. They are used in aquaculture feeds as a source of protein and nitrogen. Brewer’s yeast, and its ethanol equivalent, is mostly favoured as it is cheaper than baker’s yeast. They are also easier supplied as yeast suppliers prefer to sell the more controlled and tailored Baker’s yeast on food markets.

Inactive yeast is a yeast that has been deactivated by high temperature drying (often spray drying). The cells come as a whole and the cell wall is not ruptured mak-ing the access to intracellular material (amino acids, vitamins…) difficult. A way to access these materials is to partially hydrolyse the yeast cell wall to let the cellular content be partially released from the cell. This can be facilitated by activating the internal autolytic enzymes of the live yeast (autolysis), add-ing external enzymes (notably proteolysis) or playing on the osmotic pressure to rupture the cell wall (plasmolysis). Different grades of autolysed yeast can be obtained depending on the level of autolysis (from partial to total). The final product is a mix-ture of cellular content and yeast cell wall. Furthermore the autolysis process degrades

protein and forms peptides (dipeptides to tetra peptides) and oligonucleic acids which are readily digestible by the animal. Again here depending on the original yeast material used, autolysed and inactive yeast quality can be very different.

Live yeast as probiotics Live yeast helps regulate the gut micro-

biota. Its effects have been shown, first in human where it can reduce diarrhoea, espe-cially with children. Specific strains have then been developed and produced industrially such as S. cerevisiae boulardii or S. cerevisiae Sc 47 (Actisaf) for the animal nutrition market. It is a common practice now to sup-plement feeds to increase milk production in dairy cows or help piglets survival.

Live yeast are characterized by their living cells count, expressed by colony forming unit (cfu per gram), typically ten billions cfu/g. Dosages are made in the feeds as dilutions to get an efficient cfu count per g of feed, a 1000 fold dilution giving a 10.107 per g of feed for example. Viability of the yeast is mandatory for its effect and cfus should be checked before and after pelleting using plate counts.

Despite the increasing use of yeast as

a probiotic in terrestrial animals, there are only a few numbers of works studying its

effect in fish as a gut functions stabiliser. The major reason is that live yeast does not resist the severe condi-tions of the manufacturing processes of aquafeeds (high temperatures,

steam, long condi-tioning times, see Aguirre-Guzzman et al 2002). The

studies are then dif-ficult to transfer from

lab conditions to farm using commercial feeds.

All the work published so far was made with yeast either top dressed on

feeds or incorporated in pressed (uncooked) feeds. Nevertheless some direct effects to

the gut maturation have been found in sea bass with a species extracted from the rain-bow trout gut Debaryomyces hansenii (see the works from Tovar-Ramirez and also the reviews by Chi et al 2006 and Gatesoupe 2007). Marine yeasts and yeasts isolated from fish seem a very logical choice to use in species of aquaculture interest. However, such material is often difficult to grow under industrial conditions and did not lead to the development of an actual product yet. The products on the market are therefore often from S. cerevisiae origin. It has to be noted that up to now, no yeast products have been registered in EU as a probiotic in aquaculture.

As an example of S. cerevisiae effects, (Lara Flores et al 2003, 2010) Table 2 shows some works done in tilapia fry fed for 3 weeks with feeds supplemented with Actisaf (also knwn as Biosaf) at 1 kg/T in two diets (40% and 27% proteins) and at 2 crowded conditions (1 fry per L or 1 fry per 2L).

All the yeast treatments also increased the Alkaline Phosphatase activity, and we can see a better improvement of feed conver-sion ratio (FCR) and survival under stressful conditions (low protein percentage and crowded conditions). There is also a better

protein efficiency ratio (PER) and digestive enzyme activity when Actisaf is used.

Live yeast can be used directly on farm, where it has been showed (empirically) to improve water quality in shrimp and fish ponds. It is either used alone or mixed with bacteria. Farms producing mash feed onsite also add yeast in order to degrade cellulolytic material to ensure a better digestion.

Yeast culture or fermented yeastYeast culture is a particular product in

which yeast is allowed to ferment. Yeast biomass, substrate and fermented extracel-lular metabolites are then dried.

Yeast extractsYeast extracts (YE) come from the fur-

ther hydrolysis and purification of autolysed yeast. Insoluble yeast cell walls are separated from the cellular content by centrifugation. YE are very soluble, rich in peptides (up to

Figure 4: Cumulative mortality after immersion with L. Anguiilarum (blue line is control, orange line is

Pronady at 0.5g/kg. n=3, Pronady significantly decreases mortality at 120h. P<0.01)

Figure 3: Number of pellets remaining in the feeding tray one hour after feeding (n=4, YE are significantly different than

control at P<0.05).

FEATURE

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65%-70% of the product), free amino-acids like glutamic acid and vitamins. They also contain a high level of nucleic acid which can be further purified to increase the level of tasty 5’ nucleotides. They are used in aquac-ulture in functional feeds, and hatcheries, as a source of nucleotides complementing the de novo synthesis of cells in multiplication and helping boost immunity and anti-stress mechanisms.

Autolysed yeast and inactive yeast are commonly mistakenly sold under the label yeast extract in aquaculture. A good way to differentiate them is to look at the carbo-hydrate levels. Autolysed yeast has a level around 20-22% (mostly from the remaining YCW) whereas YE contain only three to six percent of carbohydrates.

The small peptides and free amino acids in YE can also prove to be a potent attractant for aquafeed in shrimp. In a trial performed in Thailand with white shrimp L. vannamei. Feed containing YE at 2 kg/T of feed was presented in feeding trays at the corner of hapas and the remaining feed was counted after one hour. We can see a faster

feeding when YE are included. (Tacon and Suyawanish 2011).

Yeast cell wallsYeast Cell Walls (YCW) represent the

shell of the yeast cell and are roughly 40-50 percent of the mass of the cell. YCW are composed mainly of fibrous polysaccharides glucans with beta 1,3 and beta 1,6 links, (50% and 8% respectively ), mannans under the form of Mannoproteins (40%) and chitin (2%) (see Lippke and Ovalle 1998). Further purification can lead to the production of either purified beta-glucans (50% and up) and mannoprotein (often used in wine mak-ing for clarification). The presence of these compounds often leads to the mislabelling of YCW as MOS or Beta-glucans.

These two carbohydrate types are very interesting for the aquaculture market, beta-glucans are direct stimulators of the immune systems in shrimp and fish, upon the stimula-tion of specific blood cells (granulocytes or macrophages). Mannans are involved in the binding to pathogenic bacteria (especially those with pili having mannose receptors)

and eliminate them from the intestine. It is also suspected that the mannanes act as prebiotics promoting the growth of benefi-cial bacteria.

YCW have been shown to be effective to improve the resistance to bacterial chal-lenges in numerous aquaculture species. Beta glucans have to be use carefully in aquaculture as some experiments report/negative effects in fish when used for prolonged periods at high concentrations. This can be avoided by careful choosing the source of YCW and using them either at high concentration (2 kg/T) only for a short period, or a low concentration continuously (0.5 g/Kg).

An example of sea-bass juveniles fed with Pronady (a YCW of the Lesaffre group) at 0.5 g/kg of feed for 8 weeks can be seen in Figure 4, showing a significant protection against L. Anguillarum without any growth difference with the control. However a minimal amount of YCW seems needed to be ingested before challenge in order to provide an efficient immunostimulation and so there might be a gap period when

Figure 5: Yeast rich in organic selenium manufacturing process

FEATURE

the product is not efficient. (data from Dr. Morgane Henry, Hellenic Center for marine Research , 2011)

YCW products, depending on the quality of the autolysed yeast separation, contain also significant percentages of proteins and lipids. It should be noted that the lower the level of proteins, the higher of level of carbo-hydrates, and then the better immunostimu-lation from the YCW is. Various quality of YCW are on the animal production market and major differences can be found between products depending on the strain, the sub-strate used to produce the yeast, and event the drying process.

Mannans represent as most 25-27 per-cent of YCW in good quality YCW from primary grown yeasts, but can be found as low as 9 percent in crude preparation coming from industry by-products. Glucans or poly-glucose can range from 18 To 40 percent. YCW Protein level remains the most convenient indicator of quality, the best products being those having lower nitrogen content. The variability between batches can also be very high. Texture should be checked first. Good YCW often have a smooth, fine texture, low granu-lometry and a light beige colour. There is also the tendency to believe that all YCW are the same and that differentiation of products must be done to the highest level of glucans (sometimes measured as both

alpha and beta forms)or mannans. Not all the YCW are equal. Efficiency should be checked as a prerequisite to use, or change, YCW.

At LFA we have conducted a survey of four YCW (2 bakery and 2 brewery yeasts) produced in 4 of our own facto-ries in the same L. Anguillarum challenge in sea bass supplemented at 0.5 g/kg of feed for 8 weeks. Only 2 responded significantly (1 bakery, 1 brewery), the remaining 2 had even negative results at 4 weeks (lower survival than control). This result shows first that not all is under-stood in the way these products work and that one particular YCW cannot be replaced by another.

Selenium yeastYeast can be induced to be a source

of organic selenium, mainly under the form of seleniomethionine, which is then stored in proteins. During the growth of baker’s yeast, selenium is added to the medium and is replacing sulphur in methionine. The excess of selenium is then eliminated by careful washing steps (see Figure 5) to ensure that the selenium left is 97-99 percent organic. Selenium yeast should be then checked for the highest percentage of selenomethionine and the consistency between batches. Seleniomethionine is the main carbon-

associated form of selenium in the ani-mal’s body and then allow making organic selenium which are readily available when oxidative stress reactions occur.

The main application would be in aqua-culture as fish meal is a main supply of selenium and the development of diets with less fish meal will require compensation of selenium in aquafeed formulae. Such an application could be useful in preventing the oxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish flesh. Chromium yeast is seldom used in aquaculture diets.

Conclusion Yeast products are getting more fre-

quently used in aquaculture. Some appli-cations are promising as the use as an alternative source of proteins or as a sanitary and welfare enhancer. However many products ranging from crude ethanol yeast by-products to more purified beta-glucans are available on the market. Therefore potential users must accurately select them in function of their targeted application. It is also as important to select a reliable source of the products to ensure a consistency of the supply and the quality.

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FEATURE

Aquafeed producers are losing about $4 to $10 per ton of product produced in terms of

lost production, higher energy consump-tion and lowered product quality. These losses can be recovered by substituting a more effective moisture (MC) sensing and control technology for currently used traditional MC sensing and control.

The control problem Two main problems prevent traditional

MC sensing and control technology from being effective. Firstly, the lack of timely and accurate MC data upon which to base con-trol action (poor MC sensing). Secondly, the inability to correctly adjust for evaporative load changes entering with the feed.

Figure 1 shows a typical normal MC dis-tribution curve produced by traditional MC sensing and control technology. The curve is relatively wide as a result of the effect of high MC standard deviation. It is obvious that the

wider the MC variation the lower the target mean MC must be to prevent production of wet product. Consequently, use of currently available control technology forces manu-facturers to over dry their products which causes significant costs in terms of lower production, higher energy usage, and poorer quality. Figure 1 illustrates the effect of poor MC sensing and control on MC variation.

The control solutionLosses caused by poor MC sensing and

control may be recovered if the MC vari-ation (standard deviation) is reduced such that the mean MC can be maximized with-out exceeding the upper specification limit (USL). Fortunately, a solution for poor MC sensing and control was supplied by the deri-vation of a MC sensing and control model from first principles. The Delta T model:

MC = K1(ΔT)p – K2/S

relates the product MC exiting a dryer to the temperature drop (ΔT) of hot air

after contact with the wet product and the production rate or evaporative load (S). The model solved the two main problems with MC sensing and control by producing. Firstly, a rugged, reliable ‘inside-the-dryer’ moisture sensor; and secondly, a new and powerful control algorithm that precisely adjusts the set point for evaporative load changes.

A new type of MC sensorFigure 2 describes how the Delta T MC

sensor continuously measures the MC of aquafeed inside the harsh environment of a dryer while it is being dried with a belt dryer.

As illustrated by Figure 2, patented Delta T technology invented a new type MC sensor that can be installed ‘inside-the-dryer’ which reduces the dead time (time to detect a disturbance entering with the feed) by at least 30 percent. Since dead time is directly proportional to the product standard deviation, use of this ‘inside-the-dryer’ sensor reduces the standard deviation at least 30 percent below that achieved by

Figure 1: Typical MC distribution curve produced by poor MC

sensing and control Figure 2: Delta T ‘inside-the-dryer’ MC sensor

Profitable aquafeed

by John Robinson, president, Drying Technology Inc, USA

FEATURE

use of currently used MC sensing methods. It should be noted that use of raw Delta T data will not work—it must be processed by the model before use. Figure 3 illustrates the advantage of reducing dead time for aquafeed drying.

Three possible locations are shown for installing the MC sensor. Dead time for each installation point is the time it takes for the individual MC method to detect a change in evaporative load entering with the feed. The lowest dead time is 14 minutes for the Delta T sensor inside the dryer; the next lowest dead time is 20 minutes for a MC meter located at the dryer exit; the longest dead time is 30 minutes for MC samples taken

downstream of the dryer and analyzed by a laboratory instrument.

For the above conditions, the Delta T accomplishes dead time reductions of 30 per-cent and 53 percent below that for the mois-ture meter method and the laboratory MC sample method respectively. The standard deviation reductions would also be reduced 30 percent and 53 percent respectively.

A new MC control algorithmAs a result of its theoretical basis, the

Delta T technology provides a new control algorithm that enables precise calculation of the set point necessary to maintain the target MC in spite of frequent changes in evapora-

tive load entering the dryer with the feed. Proprietary methods are used in adapting the model to the dryer and product.

Application of Delta T to aquafeed manufacture

The above-mentioned reduction in stand-ard deviation enables the target MC to be increased by 0.5 percent to as much as 1.25 percent without fear of producing wet prod-uct which might mold in transit or storage. Figure 4 shows schematically how reducing the standard deviation enables the mean MC to be increased by shifting the Delta T curve rightward until the upper + 3 standard deviation points (USL) of both curves coincide. The difference in mean MCs represents the economic gain from using Delta T technology.

Results and conclusionsFrom 10 to 25 lbs of additional water

can be safely sold with the product per ton of product produced without exceeding the upper specification limit using this new tech-nology. The return to the aquafeed manu-facturer is $4 to $10 per ton of product for a wholesale product price of $800 per ton. In addition, energy savings of approximately four to seven percent possible. The Delta T has been successfully applied in the US for MC sensing and control of many products, including aquafeed using a Beltomatic con-veyor dryer.

Figure 3: Delta T reduces dead time on belt dryer

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FEATURE

Objective of animal diet formulation is to provide a palatable ration at minimum cost to meet nutrition-

al and energy requirements of the animal. To achieve this objective, it is important to have knowledge about the requirements of specific nutrient ingredients and the nutrient composition of feeds, which are used to formulate the animal diet.

Diet formulation is an important aspect to meet production and financial goals in the most economical way. A diet is called balanced if it provides energy to meet lacta-tion, production and specific level of health requirement. Economic as well as nutritional aspects should be considered while optimis-ing nutrient ingredients.

These three factors are so intimately related to each other that cannot be sepa-

rated during the process of feed formulation.

Preliminary stages The first step in diet formulation is to

define the objective of diet formulation. Depending on the objective of diet formula-tion (such as reproduction, lactation, live-stock etc.), requirements for nutrient ingre-dients are established. This step includes individual units and overall requirement for diet ingredients.

After defining the objective of study and diet formulation, requirements of nutrient intake are defined to achieve that objective. While defining the requirement, social envi-ronment, internal, external and economical conditions should be taken into considera-tion.

Nutrient requirements can be estab-lished by the empirical method and facto-

rial method. The empiri-cal method is based on experimen-tal studies whereas the facto-rial method identifies the

various functions within the animal that defines the needs of nutrient ingredients. Nutritionists generally use both approaches; the factorial method is dominant due to the need to define requirements under diverse conditions but experiments are used to confirm the accuracy of results.

Ingredient selection and diet formulation

Once requirements for nutrient ingredi-ents are established, the ingredients can be selected and nutrient contents calculated. After identifying the nutrient ingredients, diet is formulated by using existing methods and different mathematical techniques.

There are different methods to formu-late animal diet. Diet formulation includes balance mixture of ingredients which are economically sustainable and provides nutri-ent and energy requirements of a given species for a given response. Different kind of conventional methods to formulate the diets include: • Trial-and-error method• Two by two matrix method• Square method• Simultaneous equation method• Least cost formulation• Linear programming method

Use of computer programming in animal diet formulation

by Dr Pratiksha Saxena, assistant professor, Department of Mathematics, Gautam Buddha University, India

Figure 1: Nutrient levels, the limit of the nutrient ingredients and price of the feed are three important factors for diet formulation.

Nutrient LevelLimit of the

nutrient ingredients

Price of the ration

FEATURE

Initially, feed manufacturers for animal feed formulation used the trial and error method but this included tedious hand calculations

Diet analysis and evaluationAfter formulation, the diet is evaluated to

check the efficiency of diet. Chemical analysis is done to check whether the diet is mixed correctly or not. These five steps of diet formulation are shown in Figure 2.

By employing the correct formulation skills and techniques, animal performance can be improved. These are two important aspects, which make a huge impact on the overall profitability. Whether diet is formu-lated for feed milers or integrators, maximi-sation of animal production is important.

By the end of the 1960s, widespread use of linear programming had been start-ed for animal diet formulation. To take into account the complexity and nutrient variability, different kinds of mathematical programming came into the picture with

the objective of least cost rationing. To achieve this, different kinds of mathemati-cal programming have been used. For example, linear programming, non-linear programming, stochastic programming, sensitivity analysis, parametric cost and nutrient ranging, optimum-density formu-lation, multi-blending, and risk analysis.

Chance constrained programming is used to formulate commercial feeds for animals (Britt, J. S; Thomas, R. C; Speer, N. C; Hall, M. B., 2003). The linear programming model can be solved for a complicated set of nutri-ent requirements to give a relatively well-balanced ration (VandeHaar and Black, M. J., 1991). Alteration in the diet formulation can change undefined nutrient or dietary components, such as fatty acids (Sabbatini ME, 2006), phytoestrogens (Brown NM, Setchell DR. 2001), (Thigpen JE 2009), (Thigpen JE 2004) phytosterols (Bouic PJD. 1999.), nitrosamines (Kaput J, Rodriguez RL. 2004.), (Rao GN, Knapka JJ. 1987), and methylmercury (Weiss B, Stern S, Cernichiari

E, Gelein R. 2005.), potentially affecting research outcomes.

Computer-aided feed formulation

A study was conducted for animal feed formulation based on internet remote and interaction by XiongBen-hai, LuoQing-yao and PangZhi-hong in 2002. This program is based on linear programming, with SQL Server 2000 database and ASP Web-page language Windows 2000 Advanced Server. The most important feature of this system is that it has set up one whole calculating platform to design all kinds formulas based on web technique, which can share informa-tion of feed science and animal nutrition to help directly designing feed-formulas.

A computer program called APOLLO was developed by A. Ahmadi, J. R. Dunbar and H. A. Johnson for formulation and analysis of ration for swine. It was based on the National Research Council Bulletin, Nutrient Requirements of Swine, Ninth

Figure 2:

Define Objective

Establish Requirements

Select Ingredients

Formulation of diet

Evaluation of diet

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Low protein diets for dairy cows -‐ Kevin Sinclair, University of Nottingham

Nutrition, health and fertility in dairy cows

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-‐ Liam Sinclair, Harper Adams University College -‐ Nigel Kendall, University of Nottingham

Global milk and feed price trends and influences

-‐ John Allen, Kite Consulting NON-RUMINANTS

Environmental impact from poultry operations: influence of nutritional inputs

-‐ Ilias Kyriazakis, Newcastle University

Home grown proteins in pig and poultry diets -‐ Jos Houdijk, SRuC

Nutritional quality of soya products for non-ruminants. -‐ Julian Wiseman, University of Nottingham; Mick Hazzledine,

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FEATURE

Revised Edition, 1988. This program runs on IBM PC compatible computers with 512K of memory. After feeding the input nutrient ingredients, this program formulates the ration using the linear programming primal dual algorithm. This algorithm is efficient in time and space because it does not require additional columns and rows for artificial variables. The output consists of five parts: cost and performance, ration composition, price ranges, nutrient analysis of the ration, and nutrient analysis of feeds in the ration which, in turn, consists of eight parts.

Practical and economic implications

In the 1980s, the first computer program was presented for animal diet formulation. Since then, a number of computer programs have been developed for the purpose of ani-mal diet formulation which discusses specific feed formulation techniques in terms of their practical applications and economic implica-tions. The use of computer programming lessened the time and effort required to provide affordable feed formulations for the feed industry. A wide variety of computer programs are available for ration formulation.

Moreover, computer programming for animal diet formulation, is easy, convenient and saves time. A number of nutrient ingre-dients and constraints can be added to a diet in easier manner. It is also possible to check the impact of different nutrient ingredients on animal production without actually apply-ing it with the help of a computer program.

The language of programmingTo initiate the process of computer

programming for animal diet formulation,

a mathematical model is formulated which should be nutritionally adequate at lowest cost. When formulating this mathemati-cal model, availability of feedstuffs, physical palatability, toxicological properties of feed, logistics of obtaining feed ingredients and storage limit should be considered. After creating the mathematical model, computer programming is to be chosen for this pur-pose. A number of programming languages have been used for this purpose as C, C++, Java and MATLAB.

Using C for feed formulation One of the most basic and important

programming languages is referred as ‘C’. Dennis Ritchie developed this programing language at Bell Laboratories in 1972. Many of its principles and ideas were based on the earlier language B and B's earlier ancestors, BCPL and CPL.

The main features of this language are its flexibility that provides fast program execu-tion and the lack of constraints it imposes on the programmer. It allows low level access to information and commands while still retaining the portability and syntax of a high level language. It is useful for both systems programming and general purpose programs.

Due to this quality of C language, the Unix operating system, which was originally written in assembly language, was almost immediately re-written in C. C includes bit-wise operators along with powerful pointer manipulation capabilities and modularity is another important feature of this language.

Sections of code can be stored in libraries for re-use in future programs. This language is very useful for animal diet formulation

because of its easily applicable features. A programming technique is developed for animal diet formulation using non-linear pro-gramming and C language with the objec-tive of maximum animal weight gain. The technique presented formulates and solve a non-linear program with optimum use of nutrient ingredients. It explores the use of mathematical and computerised program-ming in the field of animal nutrition and can be investigated in future for more variables (Saxena Pratiksha et al, 2012).

The advantages of MATLAB MATLAB is another tool for matrix

manipulations, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C and Java. It is a high-level language for numeri-cal computation, visualization, and applica-tion development. Animal feed is formu-lated using MATLAB with the objective of maximum animal weight gain. In the first step, this technique involves formulation of objective function using non-linear program-ming. MATLAB is used as a tool for this purpose. In the second step, the solution of formulation is given and is compared to existing techniques. Use of non-linear pro-gramming overcomes the drawback of linear approximation of objective function (Saxena Pratiksha et al, 2012).

In the present era of technology, it is convenient, time and money saving to take benefits of computer programming for this purpose. Using this technology, animal diet formulation can be simulated and experiments can be done with the help of computer programs, without hampering the existing system of feeding to the animal and could reach to better results.

FEATURE

In 1961 world population stood at three billion and global cereal production was 876 million tonnes. Today, Earth

is home to over seven billion people and world cereal production is 2282 million tonnes (FAO forecast).

As the world population edges ever closer to the oft-repeated nine billion, it is not just grain production which is on the rise; storage solutions are also keeping pace with growing global population.

At its most basic level, the primary func-tion of a silo is to provide protection from the elements to increase the storage life of the grains. But in addition to this, silos are a

crucial element in the overall operation, the backbone so to speak for the entire grain storage system. Handling equipment feeds into the silos, and in many cases rests on top of them. Silos support monitoring equipment

used to track grain temperature and quality.With the ability to handle a multitude

of products for customers ranging from the agriculture, to the food, bio-fuels and biomasses industries, silo manufacturers are well-poised to benefit from the growth in population and production.

Size matters“There is a general increase in demand

for grain storage and for silos of bigger capacities, not only for farmers, but also for traders, feed millers, millers and breweries,” says Alfonso Garrido, sales director of silos, Symaga, Spain. Meanwhile UK-based manu-facturer, Bentall Rowlands Storage Solutions,

will launch larger capacity grain storage silos this year.

This trend is echoed in the USA as Kirk Nelson, director of marketing and sales, grain systems division, Behlen, USA explanis. “The

size of grain storage silos has increased dra-matically over the last several years. Three to four years ago the largest corrugated grain silos in the industry were in the range of 22,000 m3.

“We recently added an additional diam-eter of silo to our Big Bin® Series of silos. We added our M48 silos (48 metre diam-eter) with capacities up 51,000 cubic meters (42,000 metric tons of wheat).”

Behlen is now offering even stronger roof systems to support the increasing weight loads supported at the peak of the silos. This has been driven by customer and contrac-tors requirements to support larger/higher capacity conveyors and structural supporting systems.

In addition to the demand for bigger silos, manufacturers are also reporting a drive towards greater flexibility in terms of design. “In the USA there is currently a push to offer additional features such as larger entry doors,” says Nelson. In response, Behlen has added a large opening equipment door to its previous offering of ‘bobcat’ doors, walk through doors, and crawl doors.

Nick Carter, technical sales and project manager, Bentall Rowlands Storage Systems,

Image above - From left: Behlen's 48 metre diameter silo with a capacity

of 51,000 cubic metres, two 40 metre diameter with 35,000 cubic

metre capacity silos, a 32 metre with a capacity of 24,000 cubic metres.

Factors affecting silo demand and design

by Alice Neal, associate editor, Grain and Feed Milling Technology, United KingdomIm

FEATURE

United Kingdom, says, “Unlike most compa-nies we do not have a ‘standard’ silo design. Our silos are designed to take into account local conditions and individual customers’ requirements and as such we are continually improving our product. This on-going proc-ess draws upon information from both the customer and erection companies”.

Similarly, Symaga designs its silos accord-ing to both customer needs and different country’s regulations. To cater to specific needs, varying capacities of hopper silos of up to 2,800 cubic metres are available, farm silos for mechanical or pneumatic loading and flat bottom silos are available for capaci-ties from 5 to 25,000 cubic metres. Special silos with lateral discharge and 670 hoppers are also made available on its wide range of products. “Symaga does not only offer a bin, but an engineering service to our custom-ers, to ensure that we develop the project together successfully,” says Garrido.

Safe storageAs global food production increases so

does the importance and awareness of food safety. Silo manufacturers have an important role to play in achieving safe storage and reduce grain loss.

For Symaga, safety is high on the list of priorities at the design stage. Symaga silos are made from galvanised or pre-lacquered steel and also include protection of outside

screws to prevent perforation by corrosion and reinforced roofs to avoid possible defor-mation from impacts.

Other features are included to ensure rainwater falls directly to the ground from the body of the silo and reduce internal temperature differences to prevent conden-sation, thereby improving the preservation of foodstuffs.

Government-backed silosThe expansion of the storage market is

also influenced by the rise in government food security programmes. The National Food Reserve Agency of Turkmenistan, for example, has added silos for its Strategic Grain Reserve Project in different locations all over the country, with storage capacity for over 300,000 tonnes of wheat.

In Nigeria, the Federal Government is constructing silos throughout the country as part of a wider drive to improve the agricultural chain. The silos, some of which are due for completion in April 2013, will help boost grain reserves, price stability and food security.

During a tour of ten silos being built in Igbariam, Anambra State, Labaran Maku, Minister of Information said, “The purpose of grain reserve is for the nation’s food secu-rity. The nation can come under disaster, can come under drought. They can come in different ways, it could be war in some

instances leading to food insecurity.”Behlen has supplied silos for numer-

ous government supported projects in countries including Jordan, Egypt, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. “The increase in the world population continues to push the need for enhanced food security and is leading some nations to contem-plate the implementation of national grain reserves. Currently this seems to be most prevalent in grain import-ing nations. This also has an impact in grain exporting nations as they work to expand and update their export capabili-ties,” says Nelson.

Beyond the binNew locations can present new design

challenges, particularly when it comes to weather. Today it’s not enough to just store grain; a silo is expected withstand extreme wind, snow and even earth-quakes.

Symaga recently introduced the isolated and covered silos for extreme cold and warm conditions. The standard silo has been designed to allow a double sheet that creates an air layer of 75 mm in between sheets. The improved silo now can include fiberglass between the sheets to isolate them to further avoid condensation on the wall of the silo due to high temperature or extreme cold.

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FEATURE

At an competitive priceSafe storage is financially beneficial as

Nelson explains, “As the value of grain in storage increases the greater the return on investment in any system that reduces storage loss. Metal silos provide a cost effective easily implemented grain storage solution.”

However, volatile grain prices can mean producers are wary of investing in storage. “One of the biggest concerns of grain produc-ers at the moment is whether to invest in storage, because grain prices from harvest to the rest of the year can vary by 30-50 percent,” says Garrido.

So unsurprisingly, manufacturers are looking for ways to keep prices competitive. Nelson argues that larger silos, despite being more expensive to buy than their smaller counter-parts, actually represent a cost saving in the

long run. “The increase in single silo capacity has reduced the overall cost per metric ton for the development of grain storage terminals” he says.

Manufacturers are also keen to make cost savings during production with more efficient methods and materials. In 2010, Symaga fully automated production at its new factory with 15 new robots, bringing the total to 25 robots. It also acquired a 150 tonne per day profile machine for the 14-76 silo wave and a new 6 mm thickness punching machine for 6 metre wide sheets with long-cross and cross shears.

The EUR12 million (US$15.07 million) investment in modern machinery brought a huge improvement in production efficiency as compared to the company’s early days. When the company started in 1985, it took five days to produce a farm silo manually; today, 100

silos can be produced in a single day with complete automation.

“The new technologies applied to manufacture, along with the experi-ence of our technical department, enable us to offer a comprehensive solution to storage requirements in shorter periods of time,” says Garrido.

Beyond reduced delivery time, with automation, prices are kept competitive, capacity is increased and standardisation of production and reduction of human error is achieved, which leads to higher quality products.

In recent years Silos Cordoba has developed a high strength steel silo which weighs in 25 percent lighter than its predecessor. Reducing the weight has cut transport costs by 30 percent, lowered fuel consumption as fewer trucks are needed to trans-ports silos to sites, and shortened erection time. The upshot of these changes is that the products can remain competitive.

Bentall Rowlands is also looking at incor-porating new materials into its silos. “One important change to our product range going forward will be the use of the new high tensile steels that are now available. This new steel has much higher yields which brings with it some huge benefits for us all. This will allow the silos to be made from lighter gauges which will help reduce the carriage costs (in turn reducing our carbon footprint) but also making assembly easier,” says Carter.

Both the need and desire for safe and cost effective storage exists worldwide. With greater flexibility and consistent innovation, silos look set to meet this demand. As Nelson concludes, “Both a paper bag and a safe can hold your money but one provides more security and peace of mind than the other.”

FEATURE

A feed mill is only as strong as its weakest link. To produce consist-ent high-quality feed, each machine

has to work at its best. But like humans, machines do not have superpowers. Over time, they get older and slower until eventually they stop working.

Thanks to rising raw material and energy costs, pelleting is an expensive process so it makes sense to pay particular attention to pelleting machinery. What’s more, the benefits of investing time and money into feed formulation can be quickly written off if the machinery used to produce the pellets isn’t up to scratch.

“If milling equipment, dies and rolls get worn, the throughput reduces, power usage increases and pellet quality is of worse or looser quality – in other words it gets more difficult to have controlled production,” says Leif Wolf, director, O&J HØJTRYK, Denmark.

Buying the best quality equipment pos-sible to start with helps produce perfect pellets but dies and rollers will wear out over time. However, unlike people, there are plenty of refurbishment options to kick start pellet mill machines back into life.

Installation and usageFrom the start, machines need to be

installed properly with particular attention being paid to positioning the roll assem-blies correctly against the die. Failing to fit machines properly can result in non-uniform wearing on the die ring and non-uniform pellets. Although this seems fairly common sense, it is not an uncommon occurrence as a senior engineer at Millson Engineering,

United Kingdom, explains, “The main prob-lem we deal see are cracked dies because of incorrect positioning of roll assemblies against the die.”

Before use it is beneficial to carry out a few procedures on a new die. Flushing a new die will remove burrs and cleaning before pelleting will help ensure a good quality end product.

Once in use it is vital to carry out regu-lar checks to ensure the smooth running of all machinery. “Another problem tends to be roll assemblies seizing due to lack of grease, which means the rolls aren’t able to rotate correctly within the die,” says the Millson Engineering engineer.

It is wise to invest in several sets of dies so that refurbishment does not mean plant shut down.

Aside from set up, what you put into a die will have an affect on its performance. Material that is either too wet or too dry to pass through the machine efficiently can clog holes. So feed formulation and moisture levels are also important factors to consider.

Warning signsMillson Engineering estimates that the

average life expectancy of a die is anywhere between 5000 to 15,000 tonnes. However, this depends on usage and type of mate-rial being used; the harder the material, the quicker the die will wear out.

Experienced operatives will be familiar with the performance of their equipment and can spot when something it’s time for some maintenance. Wolf pinpoints reduced throughput and increased energy consump-tion as the vital tell tale signs that something has gone wrong.

RefurbishmentThe first stage is to clean the die and

check for cracks. Many refurbishment com-panies offer high-pressure jet washes to do this task. The advantage of this method is that the water is strong enough to dislodge stubborn materials without the need for chemicals. However, some companies prefer opt for a traditional oven clear out which can reach temperatures of up to 90 degrees over a 24 hour period.

Managing mill maintenance

Die and pelleting equipment maintenanceby Alice Neal, associate editor, Grain and Feed Milling

Technology, United Kingdom

FEATUREFEATURE

“Die holes are often found to be blocked by tramp metal or other hard material,” according to Millson Engineering so the next stage of refurbishment is clearing holes and removing any broken studs.

Then the pelleting face needs to be skimmed level before re-countersinking the die holes. This is a crucial stage, as all holes need to be consistent in size. Finally, the die is treated to another pressure wash to flush out any sharp edges.

In addition, sometimes dies can be exter-nally skimmed to make them thinner which allows a more difficult product to pass through.

Roll assemblies can also be given a makeover to ensure optimum wear on both dies and rolls. Replacing a roll assembly allows more material to be pushed through, improving the overall performance of the die.

The roll assembly consists of a roll shell, axles, bearings, cover plate and a seal collar. Luckily, the roll shell is changeable as a tyre. “A roll shell from a Scandinavian mill will normally be ground for alignment of the production surface the first time. The sec-ond time it will be fully re-built including all inner parts, such as axles and bearings. It will be cleaned up and re-assembled including grease,” says Wolf.

A die can be refurbished effectively two or three times in its lifetime (Figure 1).

It is worth remembering that not all dies

will need a full refurbishment and costs will depend on the work required.

“Once the roll assemblies and die have been refurbished and repositioned correctly, the press will work more efficiently as the material is being pushed through much faster,” says Millson Engineering.

The practicalitiesRefurbishment time depends on the size

of the equipment and how worn it is. For example, At O&J HØJTRYK a full rework of a die can take between 5-30 machinery hours. One of the crucial factors which affects refurbishment time is the size and number of holes in the die. A machine with around 7,000 small holes will obviously be much quicker to recountersink than a die with 100,000 large holes.

Given the size and weight of the machinery used to carried out die and roll maintenance, refurbishing work is carried out off-site. Transporting the parts for refurbishment is a major issue both in terms of cost and reliability. Some com-panies counter these problems by offering refurbishment packages including trans-port. These companies have the power to organise contracts with forwarding agents which are cheaper than ad hoc agreements negotiated by mills.

In addition, freight companies with a proven track record transporting dies offer peace of mind for millers.

Another important factor to consider is location and the existing infrastructure of the country you’re in. From its base is Denmark, O&J HØJTRYK is able to service all of Scandinavia, quite a considerable sized area. This is possible due to the flexible logistic structure of the area. Wolf points out that the same business model would not be feasible in other regions.

Scheduling maintenanceDeciding when to ship a die for refur-

bishment is “always a balance,” says Wolf. Ultimately this comes down to choice between controlled maintenance versus damaged based maintenance.

“The best and cheapest method is re-working parts from a controlled production, where the mill is running controlled mainte-nance and parts are given in at due times, before real damages occur,” says Wolf.

Failing to deal with issues are they occur can lead to greater damages and costs in the long term. “A bad or defective press will ultimately produce an inferior product. The press will have to work much harder leading to more breakdowns and down time,” says Millson Engineering.

However, the advantages of die and roll refurbishment are clear. Increased lifetime of pelleting equipment, significantly reduced power usage and increased throughput should all be key concerns of the modern miller.

x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x 9x 10x

POWER CONSUMPTION

LIFETIME OF THE DIE

Complete reworking of a Die: Grind, countersink and clean Total cost, aprox 20 % of the prise for a new Die

1. Start of new Die 2. Recommended first time of reworking 3. Recommended second time of reworking 4. During normal production conditions the die have to be scrapped

INFO@OJ-HOJTRYK.DK | WWW.OJ-HOJTRYK.DK

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Die and roll re-working machinesPellet Die re-working and unblocking

O&J Højtryk A/SØrnevej 1, DK-6705 Esbjerg ØCVR.: 73 66 86 11

Phone: +45 75 14 22 55Fax: +45 82 28 91 41

mail: info@oj-hojtryk.dk

O&J_AD_QP_190x60.indd 1 11/02/2013 09:09

Figure 1

FEATUREFEATURE

GLOBAL GRAIN & FEED MARKETS

Every issue GFMT’s market analyst John Buckley reviews world trading conditions which are impacting the full range of

commodities used in food and feed production. His observations will inf luence your decision-making.

Chicago soft red

winter wheat prices

have dropped by

about 8% since

our last review

after losing as

much as 12%

at one stage. In

Europe, soft milling

wheat futures

have dropped by

about 8-9% while

in export markets,

US quality hard

spring wheats are

down by about 9%

too. The smallest

declines have been

seen in US hard red

winter wheats amid

caution over the

poor condition of

the coming crop.

WITH most of 2012’s adverse supply developments now factored into prices, world grain and feed markets are now starting

to fix their sights more firmly on 2013/14 crop prospects. A recovery is certainly needed in 2013 cereal output. Latest estimates show world production this season is dropping by about 75m tonnes or just over 4% but consumption by only 37m tonnes or 2%, the balance coming off stocks.

While there have recently been some jitters about South American maize and soyabean crop weather, lower Argentine wheat quality, some winterkill threats in the former Soviet countries and a combination of drought and frost threats to a poorly rated US winter wheat crop, price rallies on the bellwether Chicago futures markets for both grains have largely struggled to hold up. That, in turn, has encouraged European cereal markets, to a large extent, to steer clear of further steep price increases too. In fact, if anything, the global grain and feed markets have maintained gradual downward bias since our last review, the major grains recently trading at their cheapest since last July.

Partly this trend has reflected less interest from speculative and other ‘outside’ money in the trend-setting US futures markets. Even the index funds or institutional investors, who have tended to stick with cereals through thick and thin in the hope of price rises have cashed in a large chunk of their wheat chips in recent weeks, preferring to ride

the remarkable recovery in US and other world stock markets instead.

That said, investors haven’t done badly out of wheat in 2012 which saw this grain close with a near 20% year-on-year gain in Chicago, albeit after trading as much as 45% up earlier in the year. EU milling wheat markets meanwhile closed the year about Δ50/tonne up (+25%), led by London feed-wheat plus £53 or 35%. Interestingly, the wheat markets across the Atlantic diverge completely on their forward views. EU 2013 crop wheat futures are cheaper than current old crop months whereas the US futures outlook shows higher distant prices.

In contrast, forward US futures continue to point to significantly cheaper prices for maize, for which current months have come out of 2012 with a gain of only 8% - quite a shift from last August when prices were up by over 30%.

Wheat and maize prices have also come under pressure from global export competition. Despite this year’s smaller Russian, Ukrainian and Kazakh crops, the Black Sea wheat exporters gave their rivals a good run for their money with an aggressive early season export campaign – as did the Argentines too from their own smaller wheat crop. Even the EU, with a significantly smaller 2012 wheat harvest, has been running a much more active wheat export campaign so far this season, clocking up a 35% year-on-year gain recently. That may lead to uncomfortably tight supplies here before the season closes in June but it has all helped keep exports from the main supplier, the USA, well

Will 2013 be a year of crop recovery?

COMMODITIES

behind their target level and, in turn, helped to keep wheat prices there and on world markets under control.

The same goes for the maize market where the past two months have seen unprecedented competition in terms of sales volume and pricing from record South American crops. Some of this is old crop business, some pre-selling of crops harvested from around Feb/Mar of this year onward. Even during an earlier spell of rain delays to Argentine planting and a more recent, rather worrying dry spell, the Latin American maize suppliers seem to have been happy to keep undercutting the US by $20 per tonne and

more to win all the notable business among the large Asian feed importing countries (with the exception of China, discussed under our coarse grain section below). .

Latest estimates from the USDA suggest these two Lat-Am exporters’ combined shipments of maize will reach a record 42m tonnes – over 60% more than the forecast for US expor ts (26m) which has been slashed repeatedly in recent months on the competition factor. It’s a remarkable challenge

to the once dominant global maize supplier which as recently as three or four years ago exported twice as much as its Latin American rivals.

US sales and thus world maize prices, are also being subdued by another relatively large Ukrainian crop, enabling 12.5m tonnes of exports. That may be down 2.6m from last season but it’s more twice the historical average shipped from this country. These ‘new’ supplies coming onto the world market

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peak in the summer months. And, as noted in our last review, the forward futures markets suggest soya will be cheaper next autumn – if all the scheduled crop increases come through. So far, things are looking promising for South American supply to reach or even exceed targets. Crops there did go in late because of heavy rains but have avoided the withering droughts that decimated last year’s output in many areas and some is already being harvested in the early-planted areas of Northern Brazil. The US is meanwhile expected to bump up soya acreage again this spring. However, markets need to see that crop up and running under normal weather conditions before selling into it. There are also some uncertainties over other oilseed supplies after last year’s disappointing rapeseed and sunflowerseed crops in Canada, Europe and the former Soviet countries. Some revival is needed in these sectors too – especially in crops from Europe east and west, to help keep protein costs down.

Overall, the picture at this juncture is one of supplies improving and, with a few less global weather problems in coming months, perhaps some further decline in costs of the main grain and feed raw materials.

Main commodity devbelopments since our last reviewWheat prices down

Chicago soft red winter wheat prices have dropped by about 8% since our last review after losing as much as 12% at one stage. In Europe, soft milling wheat futures have dropped by about 8-9% while in export markets, US quality hard spring wheats are down by about 9% too. The smallest declines have been seen in US hard red winter wheats amid caution over the poor condition of the coming crop.

The firmest sector of the wheat market has been in former Soviet countries where this season’s smaller crops have been sold into export markets at an aggressive pace earlier in the season to capture the high world prices ruling then. Russia is now paying the price with record feedgrain costs and there has been talk of it needing to back-fill with imports, possibly from Europe – a development that could hoist prices here too, if it comes about. Russia is already taking some grain from neighbouring Kazakhstan, though, and along with a programme of intervention stock releases this may be enough to cool its internal market and avoid raiding the broader world market. In theory, it could buy US soft red winter wheat if it wanted to, cheaper than at any time since June.

Questions have been raised about the

Feed use of grain has been holding up better in the US than in Europe and the former Soviet countries and has recently been revised up by the USDA - which also cut US stocks accordingly, especially for maize. However, the initial bullish impact of this news proved short-lived as the Department also raised (rather than lowered, as the market expected) its final estimate of the US maize crop as well as increasing Latin American and other forecasts, resulting in a slightly larger global maize crop for 2012/13 than expected late last year.

On the negative side, the forecast for world maize consumption jumped too, largely due to the US adding 7.6m tonnes of usage for the full 2012/13 season (which ends August 31). That means US and world stocks will finish 2012/13 at very low levels in terms of consumption needs – about seven weeks of global supply compared with almost double that for wheat (and half of that tied up ‘off-market’ in China). So, regardless of those extra Latin American and Ukrainian supplies, a big US maize crop rebound is essential this summer to establish a more comfortable stock cushion against possible crop problems in the subsequent year..

In the protein sector, two opposing forces have continued to dominate the markets – record Chinese demand, centred on dwindling US soya supplies, versus expected record large Latin American soyabean crops.

Like the grains, soya prices also failed to hold all their stellar 2012 price gains, finishing the year with an 18.4% increase against a 49.7%

also beg the question of where all the extra production will go if the US does get the record crop farmers there are expected to plant this spring. The answer is that much of it will go to re-stocking, principally in the USA itseld. If that does happen, the discounts currently offered on new crop (latter 2013) US maize futures will have to get much bigger – a development that would help contain wheat prices too by reducing feed demand for fine grains.

Europe also needs to grow a bigger maize crop this summer after last year’s crashed by 11.5m tonnes to a multi-year low of under 55m – about 9m under projected EU consumption needs. Europe’s consequent huge import need – at least 8m tonnes – is one oif the few bright spots for global exporters in a season when world maize imports are seen tumbling from 103m to 97m tonnes.

Maize is also coming under some restraint from a weaker trend in the US corn ethanol market, home for 40% of its crop (and, of course, a large chunk of EU cereal production too). Although US ethanol output is just about matching USDA targets, production margins recently have been poor, often negative, and

are believed to have already idled about 20% of US capacity. The root cause is the still relatively high price of maize. In the boom years of the last decade, for example, when US capacity was rising regularly by as much as 20-30% a year – and before the ‘blend wall’ or renewable fuel mandate was approached – US maize was only $3.50 a bushel, half its current cost.

COMMODITIESput this down to cautionary stock-building of the main food staple. The question is whether that phase is completed or has further to run in the second half of the season. If it has run its course, markets may refocus on the fact that world import demand for wheat overall is still running about 8% down on the year, allowing global wheat prices to relax further. On the other hand, the Near East and others might see further price cuts as a good buying opportunity.

KEY FACTORS IN THE MONTHS AHEAD• How will US, European and Black Sea

crops emerge from a winter of challenging weather?

• Will the northern hemisphere have more ‘normal’ conditions this year?

• Wheat use in feeds may ease back if maize crops do rebound but in the meantime cheaper wheat prices could raise use in this sector

Maize supplies could surge in 2013

NEWS that the US had fed a lot more maize to its livestock from last year’s

from a smaller than expected crop. This is still a large one by historical comparison and the country has figured prominently in recent world export trade but what higher quality wheat Australia can offer has been commanding higher and higher premiums. Canada, which had a bigger exportable crop last year, has also been actively competing for global wheat import business. Farmers there intend to sow between 5% and 10% more this year, which will be welcomed for its usually higher quality, normal weather permitting.

Lastly, we should not forget India which has a seventh successive record crop predicted to arrive in March and needs to clear some of its record, poorly-stored stocks in export channels. Some think it could double sales to world market to around 9m tonnes (also a record). Port logistics might limit what it can sell pre-harvest and not everybody wants India’s lower quality – making it more of a factor for feedgrain (maize) markets. However, it is another bearish influence on prices.

Wheat prices will also be influenced in the months ahead by the level of import demand. This has quietened down a bit recently after a long spell of active buying, particularly from the Middle Eastern countries. Amid the political tension constantly breaking out across the region since the Arab Spring, some traders

extent to which world wheat output will recover in 2013. The International Grains Council ‘tentatively’ puts output 4% up – which would be around 682m tonnes. However, the worst-rated US hard red winter crop on modern record – albeit sown on a larger area – is a bit of a wild card in this pack. So is Russia’s crop in its main southern catchment areas for exports. In both regions there has been talk of either drought or winterkill clipping as much as 25% even 30% off production potential. However that would nowhere near equate to a national/regional trend. US soft red crops are doing very well and more spring wheat could be sown on abandoned acres. Ukraine’s crop is meanwhile in good shape, probably the best for years, suggesting a comeback in the second largest ‘Black Sea’ suppliers’ export role. Then there is Europe itself. Crops here have undoubtedly struggled in the UK and Northwest France from months of excessive wet, recent freezing and further rain and flooding. East European crops have also had some harsh weather with varying levels of snow protection. Will a very good outlook for German wheat and, hopefully, some better spring and summer weather redress the balance? Only time will tell. Among the other big players, Australia is said to have had some quality disappointments

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GLOBAL MILLINGCONFERENCE 1st

CHENNAI, INDIA

7-9 February 2013

Safety, sustainability and food supply in milling for the 21st Century

• Raw materials - demand & supply trends • Food & food safety • Milling technology developments • Nutrition & formulation • Environment & sustainability • Food security• Storage & transportation

Find out more at:

http://bit.ly/QpgZGW

Jointly organised by Assocom and Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine

Indiathe world’s second largest market

• Raw materials - demand & supply trends

• Milling technology developments

GMC_90x132mm.indd 1 16/10/2012 16:50

This will be none too soon for the US market which has been selling its supplies out far too fas t for comfor t , chief ly feeding record f irst-half-season demand from top buyer China. Although some of these advance bookings (ranging into 2013.14 now) could be washed out and switched to South American, the US is likely to star t next season with very small stocks. That will make markets sensitive over the coming months to any US weather problems, before, during and well af ter sowing the crop around April /May. If all goes well, the US should fur ther boost 2013 supplies and help keep prices moving lower.

Protein users have become increasingly dependent on soya in this season of disappointing rapeseed and sunf lowerseed production. Apart from a little extra feeding of palm kernel and groundnut meal, almost all the increase in this season’s oilmeal consumption will be fed by soyabean products. At this stage, there are no f irm pointers to alternative oilmeals making a much bigger contr ibution in 2013/14 but we still have to see how Canadian rapeseed, EU and former Soviet countries’ spring rape and sunf lower plantings pan out. So far this lack of substitutes has helped keep soya prices relatively f irm. Despite dipping by around 7% at one stage since our last review, the Chicago market has recently recouped most of its losses. However, if the US gets the 90m tonne crop some expect in 2013, prices should come down more emphatically.

KEY FACTORS IN THE MONTHS AHEAD • South American crop weather during the

remainder of the growing/harvest period• The timing of importers’ switch to Lat-Am

from US supplies• US spring planting decisions – and

accompanying weather• Chinese demand for soya meal • EU/CIS rapeseed & sunflowerseed and

Canadian canola plantings and weather

KEY FACTORS IN THE MONTHS AHEAD• US 2013 crop maize planting area and

growing weather will determine whether US and global stocks of the grain return to more ‘normal’ levels

• How long will export competition from Latin America, former Soviet countries and India contiunue intoi second quarter 2013? The South American crops look promising but need more rain as we go to press

• Will US corn ethanol use revive after an unusual decline in 2012?

• Chinese demand for maize has grown 37% in just four years – can its crop keep up or will they raid the world market for larger volumes?

• Speculators’ enthusiasm to buy into any crop weather problems

Proteins/oilmeals - demand to mop up extra soya?

SOYA supplies are still improving. The f inal US harvest e s t ima te ha s been rev i sed up by more than expected w h i l e S ou t h American crops are looking closer to attaining the record 144.25m (plus 33.25m) forecast by the U S DA . T h e total increase in world output equa l s abou t

26m tonnes more meal whereas global consumption is only expected to increase by about 5.2m. Although there have been some dry weather jitters recently, the Lat-Am crops are now entering the home run and some are already starting harvest so, barring an extended dry spell or some last minute harvest weather problems, soya demand should be making its annual shift to the southern hemisphere suppliers shortly.

disappointingly small crop gave prices a lift in January. Earlier, the Chicago futures market had been down as much as 10% from its early December highs. The USDA raised its US feeding number by 7.6m tonnes to 113m. However, it also cut US exports by 5m tonnes and raised the 2012 f inal crop estimate by 1.4m, limiting the impact on US ending stocks to a more manageable 1.1m tonne decline. Given that US exports are still running well behind the target pace, it’s possible that f igure could go lower still, freeing up a little more ending stock. On the plus side for supplies, USDA raised combined South American production by 1.5m tonnes and the region’s exports by 3.5m. With increments to other, smaller producers, world corn output actually increased last month to 852.3m from 849.1m tonnes. Nonetheless, world ending stocks have tightened further still.

On the restraining side, as mentioned above, competition for US maize on world markets is keeping a lid on prices. This is coming not only from South American and east European maize exports but from still relatively cheap feed wheat, including Indian and even some South American and is expected to continue into second quarter 2013.

Despite USDA’s upward revision, US feed use of maize, also taking about 40% of production, will still be about 2m tonnes lower than last year’s and about 9m less than in 2010/11. However, US ethanol use is forecast about 10% down this season and may fall further still if profitability fails to stem the current spate of plant shutdowns and slowdowns. All of this could spell slightly larger stocks to start the new US season on September 1.

World barley production also fell to a multi-year low this season at just under 130m tonnes and with consumption running closer to 133m, ending stocks will fall to a multi-year low of under 20m tonnes. Stocks will be par ticularly low within the EU by end-June – 3.6m tonne compared with 15.6m just three years ago so there is not much leeway if anything goes wrong with the next crop.

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FROM OUR ARCHIVES InthefootstepsofBroomhall

In the footsteps of Broomhall

FROM OUR ARCHIVES InthefootstepsofBroomhall

For the first issue of 2013 we delved through the archives paying particular attention years ending in ‘3’.

Events8th - 9th February 13 *1st Global Milling Conference, Vivanta by Taj - Connemara, Binny Road, Chennai - 600 002, IndiaContact: Mr Raj Kapoor, Assocom-India Pvt. Ltd, Flat No. 601, DDA Building, District Center Plot No.4, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi, 110 092 IndiaTel: +91-11-47675216Email: rajkapoor@assocom-india.comWeb: www.assocom-india.com

23rd - 26th February 13 *GEAPS EXCHANGE International Technical Conference & Expo, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, Kentucky convention centerContact: Moses Dennis, 4248 Park Glen Rd, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416, USA

Tel: +1 952 928-4640Fax: +1 952 929-1318Email: info@geaps.comWeb: www.geaps.com

26th - 27th February 13 *3rd Annual Soft Commodities Trading Operations & Logistics Summit 2013, Geneva, SwitzerlandContact: Jessica Jonah, International Research Networks Ltd, 10-18 Vestry Street 1st Floor, London, N1 7RE, UK

Tel: +44 207 490 4332Email: jessicaj@international-research-

networks.comWeb: www.softssummit.com

27th - 28th February 13 *3rd Annual Middle East Grains, JW Marriott Hotel, Dubai, Abu Baker Al Siddique RdDeria, Next to Hamarain Shopping Centre, PO Box 16590, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesContact: Ms Evette Goh, 111 TripleOne, Somerset #10-06, Singapore 238164

Tel: +65 6508 2465Fax: +65 6508 2408Email: evette.goh@ibcasia.com.sgWeb www.middleeastgrains.com

5th - 7th March 13 *Storage and Discharge of Powders and Bulk Solids, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKContact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK

Tel: +44 20 8331 8646Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.ukWeb: www.bulksolids.com

6th - 7th March 13 *International Trading Summit: grains & oilseeds, Sheraton Casablanca Hotel &Towers, Morocco, CasablancaContact: Olga Ramazanova, Chicherina str. 21, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine

Tel: +380562320795Fax: +380562320795Email: export@apk-inform.comWeb: www.apk-inform.com/en/conferences/

gtc2-13/about

12th - 14th March 13 *Global Grain Asia, Shangri-La Hotel, SingaporeContact: Charles Gould, Nestor House, Playhouse Yard, London, EC4V5EX, UK

Tel: +44 207 779 8120Fax: +44 207 779 8603Email: cgould@ggrain.comWeb: www.globalgrainasia.com

13th - 15th March 13 *2013 Purchasing & Ingredient Supplier’s Conference (PISC), Omni Fort Worth, TexasUSAContact: Veronica Rovelli, 2101 Wilson Blvd, Ste. 916, Arlington, VA 22201, USA

Tel: +1 703-558-3563Fax: +1 703-524-0810Email: vrovelli@afia.orgWeb: www.afia.org

13th - 15th March 13 *VIV Asia 2013, BITEC, Bangkok International, Trade & Exhibition Centre, 88 Bangna-trad Road, Bangna, Prakanong, Bangkok 10260, ThailandContact: Anneke van Rooijen, P.O. Box 8800, 3503 RV Utrecht, The Netherlands

Tel: +31 30 295 2772Fax: +31 30 295 2809Email: viv.asia@vnuexhibitions.comWeb: www.viv.net

14th - 17th March 13 *Sinar Agri & Food Exhibition - Makassar, Celebes Convention Center, Jl Tanjung Bunga - MakassarContact: Andree Prastyo, Ruko Mutiara Taman Palem Blok A6 no 32, Cengkareng - Jakarta Barat, Indonesia

Tel: +6221 54350432Fax: +6221 54350432Email: andree@sinarexhibitions.comWeb: www.Sinarexhibitions.com

19th - 20th March 13 *3rd Commercial Farm Africa, Accra, GhanaContact: Ms Grace, Centre for Management Technology, 80 Marine Parade Road #13-02, Parkway Parade, Singapore 449269

Tel: +65 6346 9218Fax: +65 6346 9147Email: grace@cmtsp.com.sgWeb: www.cmtevents.com/main.

aspx?ev=130103&pu=218814

26th - 28th March 13 *AGRA Middle East, Dubai International Exhibition Centre, Dubai, UAEContact: Rizwan Mustafa, PO Box 28943, Dubai – United Arab EmiratesTel: +971 4 407 2424Fax: +971 4 407 2485Email: agramiddleeast@informa.comWeb: www.agramiddleeast.com

4th - 7th April 13 *IDMA 2013 - 5th International Flour, Semolina, Rice, Corn, Bulghur, Feed Milling Machinery & Pulse, Pasta, Biscuit Technologies Exhibition, Istanbul Expo, Center / Hall 9-10-11, Istanbul / TURKEYContact: M.Fethullah AKATAY, Gulbag Mah. Cemal Sururi Sok. Halim Meric Is Merkezi No: 15/35 Mecidiyekoy, Istanbul, Turkey.

Tel: +90 212 3 473164Fax: +90 212 2 120204Email: info@idma.com.trWeb: www.idma.com.tr

15th - 17th April 13 *3rd Africa Sugar Outlook 2013, InterContinental Nairobi, CITY HALL WAY, PO BOX 30353, NAIROBI, 00200, KENYAContact: Ms Siew Tee TEOH, 111 TripleOne Somerset #10-06, Singapore 238164

Tel: +65 6508 2458Fax: +65 6508 2408Email: siewtee.teoh@ibcasia.com.sgWeb: www.africasugar.com

16th - 16th April 13Evaluation of Electrostatics in Powder Handling, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKContact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK

Tel: +44 20 8331 8646Email: Wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.ukWeb: www.bulksolids.com

17th - 17th April 13 *Dust Explosions – How to demonstrate DSEAR/ATEX Compliance, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKContact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK

Tel: +44 20 8331 8646Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.ukWeb: www.bulksolids.com

29th April 13 - 3rd May 13 *117th Annual IAOM, International Association of Operative Millers, Hilton Fallsview Hotel and Niagra Falls Convention Center. Niagra Falls, Ontario, CanadaContact: Shannon Henson, Director of Meetings and Exhibits. IAOM, International Association of Operative Millers, 10100 West 87th Street, Suite 306 Overland Park, Ks 66212 USA.

Tel: +1 913 3 383377Fax: +1 913 3 383553Email: shannon.henson@iaom.infoWeb: www.iaom.info

1st - 2nd May 13 *4th Grains Conference – Focus on wheat, rice, pulses, sugar, oilseeds and coarse grains, Hotel Le Meridien, New Delhi, IndiaContact: Dinesh Chauhan, Assocom-India Pvt. Ltd, Flat No. 601, DDA Building District Center, Plot No. 4, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi – 110092, India

Tel: +91 11 47675211Fax: +91 11 47675216Email: grain@assocom-india.comWeb: www.grain.assocom-india.com

21st - 23rd May 13 *Practical Powder Characterisation and Sampling for Industry, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling TechnologyUniversity of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKContact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKTel: +44 20 8331 8646Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.ukWeb: www.bulksolids.com

22nd - 24th May 13 *VIV Russia 2013, International Crocus Exhibition Center, Moscow, RussiaContact: Guus van Ham, P.O. Box 8800, 3503 RV Utrecht, The Netherlands

Tel: +31 30 295 2302Fax: +31 30 295 2809Email: viv.russia@vnuexhibitions.comWeb: www.viv.net

4th - 4th June 13 *Segregation, Degradation and Caking, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of GreenwichCentral Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKContact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK

Tel: +44 20 8331 8646Fax: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.ukWeb: www.bulksolids.com

5th - 7th June 13 *INDO LIVESTOCK 2013 EXPO & FORUM, Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center, Bali - IndonesiaContact: Didit Siswodwiatmoko / Devi Ardiatne, Jl. Kelapa Sawit XIV Blok M1 No. 10, Kompleks Billy & Moon, Pondok Kelapa Jakarta 13450, IndonesiaTel: +62-21 864 4756Fax: +62-21 865 0963Email: info@indolivestock.comWeb: www.indolivestock.com

* See our magazine at this show

• More information available

Events

Join hundreds of mi l l ing professionals from across North America and around

the world when they convene in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, for IAOM's Annual Conference & Expo.

The IAOM conference gives grain milling professionals the opportunity to advance their careers through educat ion programmes, meet products and services suppliers at the show expo and connect with industry peers at networking events.Educat iona l and techn ic a l programmes presented at the conference assist millers in improving yields, productivity, customer satisfaction and safety. The programmes are presented by seasoned professionals in the field who have experienced the issues affecting millers first-hand. This year, the educat ional programme is divided into three sections with sessions running concurrently each day. The Product Protection sessions will focus on issues including heat treatment; grain treatment and monitoring tools. The Technical Operations programmme focuses

on topics such as wheat heating and dust collection, design and maintenance. The third session, Employee Management will look in details at attracting and retaining staf f, safety and preventing serious injuries and fatalities in the workplace.The conference also includes the world’s largest expo for milling professionals, typically featuring more t h an one hundred companies displaying mil l ing a n d p ro c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d re lated services . 2012 exh ib i tor s inc luded Buhler, Bastak, Brabender, Alapala , Chopin , B S & B P r e s s u r e Safety Management, FOSS, Intersystems, Perten Instruments, P r e m i e r Te c h Chronos , Romer Labs, Satake, Ugur MAKINE, Tapco, Vibronet Graf, Vigen Construction, Vortex Valves and Walinga Inc.The winners of the IAOM Safety Awards will be announced during the annual meeting breakfast at

the conference on Thursday May 2, 2013. To be in with a chance of winning, a facility must have a low recordable injury/illness rate and no work-related fatalities in the calendar year of 2012. Full details are available online.In addition, there are plenty o f soc i a l and network ing opportunities. Sports enthusiasts can get involved in the annual

IAOM Golf Tournament on May 3, 2013. The International Milling Education Foundation will run silent and live auctions throughout the conference. More detail about both these activities can be found online

About IAOMFounded in 1896, the International Association of Operative Millers ( IAOM) is an international organisation comprised of grain millers and allied representatives devoted to the advancement of educat ion and t r a in ing opportunities in the grain milling industries. Among its members, IAOM

promotes a spirit of fellowship and cooperation, e n h a n c e s t h e i r pro f ic iency, and a d v a n c e s t h e i r interests in industry activities. With 16 districts around the world, the IAOM provides an in ternat iona l f o r u m f o r network ing ; the exchange of ideas, t e c h n i c a l a n d

educational opportunities; and the discovery of new products and services.

More InforMatIon

Website: www.iaom.info

IAOM Annual Conference & Expo April 29- May 3, 2013, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada

Two members of the Grain and Feed Milling Technology team, Alice Neal, associate editor, and Darren Parris, international marketing manager, traveled to Delhi, India, December 13-15, 2012 to attend ISRMAX India.Held on the site of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, the event covered the whole spectrum of food and feed production India.Darren was privileged to meet Tariq Anwar, Indian government member for food and various other dignitaries [WHO?]Over 350 companies were on site exhibiting a host of products so there were plenty of opportunities delve deeper into the grain and feed industries. GFMT readers will be familiar with the use of NIR analysers in grain so it was interesting to learn of a different application of the technology at the world launch of the FOSS Milko Screen. The machine uses NIR to detect foreign substances in milk. Adulterated milk is something of a problem in India with water and urea sometimes added to increase quantity.We also found out about feed packing in the Indian market thanks to Rohit Mangal, executive director, Apple Flexipack, India. The company has the capacity to produce 200,000 bags 50 kg a day. Mangal says that a key issue for Indian customers is damp control so the company specialises in moisture proof packaging. The other exhibitors were keen to share their experiences of the challenges and opportunities of the Indian market…

What are the biggest challenges in the feed industry in India?

Raw material cost. Soya is the most expensive ingredient. Over the last six months, soya prices have risen from 22 rupee per kilo to 45 rupee. Now for cost reasons, farmers are also using whatever by products are available such as rice bran and leftovers from rice polishing.

What are the most positive aspects of the Indian market?

Everyone is more concerned about quality. By applying better technology for example we are seeing a switch form mash to pelleted feed. More and more people are using enzymes to reduce food costs and increase quality.

Biomin Singapore, Arvind Sharma, technical sales managerWhat are the biggest challenges in the feed industry in India?

They are many challenges the industry faces but the main ones are: people are not so aware. They are not ready to adopt new technologies.

The government is not taking care of the industry.

Lastly, in the poultry industry, people are not working on how to improve feed consumption. Growth rate of product is very high compared to consumption.

It’s a growing market as the population is very high. The industry can improve if people adopt new technology.

Many more international companies are entering India and there is a growing awareness of doing things in a systematic way.

India, Event Review

Silos Cordoba, Pablo Fernandez, Asia area manager

We are here because we think that this is the time for Asian countries. Even with the global crisis, these countries have been doing really well. Many governments are pushing the market, pushing the companies to introduce these kinds of technologies to store any kinds of cereals. So many competitors have been working here for a long period so it’s our turn: offering our products, our quality, shaking the market to get our piece of the cake.

Olmix, Sahil Bedi, sales representative

Feed safety – often feed is not covered up properly. If it is not covered up properly, the feed will not keep and this can increase the risk lot of bacteria.

Farmers are interested in storing products properly but unfortunately the government is not.

Lesaffre Feed Additives, Saurabh Singh, business development manager

The main challenges are meal and the price of marketing. Farmers demand a good price. Nutrition is not as balanced as we need it to be. But framers are open-minded. Selling a technical product is very hard. You have to convince farmers that the supplement is worthwhile.

There is the opportunity to explore and try new options. There is a high demand. Supplying this demand is the challenge.

JaeckeringJulia Lamskemper, head of sales for Mühlen- und Nährmittelwerke

India is a new market for Jaeckering. It is a test to find out the demand for our products. A lot of people are very interested.

AB Vista, Atmaram Yadav, sales manager

What are the biggest challenges in the feed industry in India?For AB vista, it the cheap prices in India. India is more expensive than China but people are willing to pay.

What are the most positive aspects of the Indian market?India is very accepting of UK companies and international business.

Events

VIV is synonymous with high-quality agriculture shows. Formed in the 1970s,

Vakbeurs Intensieve Veehouderij (or intensive animal farming) catered for the burgeoning interest in arable farming, milk and cattle production in the Netherlands. Since then, VIV has grown from a national trade event into seven separate shows held around the world. Today VIV shows attract over 1,000 international companies and visitors from over 140 countries.

VIV Asia is one of the success stories of the VIV family. The spread of intensive animal farming in the 1980s and 1990s created demand for a vertical trade fair in Asia and VIV was quick to capital-ise upon this need. The first two VIV shows were held in Tokyo, Japan in 1986 and 1989 but the first VIV Asia proper took place in Bangkok in 1993.

Back to BangkokIn March 2013, the VIV team

return to Bangkok for another edi-

tion of the show. Ruwan Berculo, project manager, VIV Worldwide explains the appeal of Thailand for visitors, both personally and professionally, “Thailand has one of the largest and most advanced agro-economies within Asia. Thailand represents a significant domestic market in various indus-tries and Bangkok is a true hub” he says.

“Thai culture fascinates interna-tional visitors and is truly unique. Thailand is and will remain an exciting and exotic destination famous for it's hospitality, culture, food and service and never disap-points international visitors to live up to this reputation.”

Industry integrationMuch has been said about the

changes and developments in the Asian market. But aside from a growing population and increased purchasing power, Berculo says Asia’s business structure distin-guishes it from other regions, “Asia is known for its high level of integration of the industry for the production of meat, fish eggs and

also dairy. The sector is clearly differently structured compared with Europe for exam-ple. “In Asia, a few big players with a domi-nance in feed manu-

facturing, animal husbandry, retail or a combination of these activi-ties decide what kind of products will be produced using what kind of technology. It's the invest-ment power along with effective distribution channels that turn decision-makers representing these large conglomerates into the most-wanted type of visitors for our exhibitors.”

In light of this, VIV Asia has put in considerable effort to attract and look after business decision makers. The VIP Program, attract-ing some 150 VIPs from Asia-Pacific has been established to increase the attendance of the

industry's top decision-makers.In 2011 the organisers intro-

duced the KAP (Key-buyer Appreciation Program). The pro-gramme consisted of providing room nights in Bangkok free of charge to exhibitors and their rela-tions during VIV Asia 2011.

“As trade show developers, the focus on KAP taught us that arranging 360-degrees services around a world-class trade show like VIV Asia is essential, even more than we thought. Not only hotel arrangements but everything, right from the moment our attend-ees reach Bangkok up until they leave Thailand again should be of premium quality,” says Berculo.

KAP will continue in 2013 with fast-track access through customs at the airport , direct skytrain access to BITEC, VIP Business Lounge, shuttle buses from all official hotels to BITEC and WiFi access for all attendees.

More than just a showNot just concerned with the

three-day trade show VIV Asia organisers are keen to exploit the additional benefits of gathering so many animal protein professionals in one place.

“Our objective is to be the organisers of not only the three-day trade shows VIV Asia and Aquatic Asia. We aim to host all professionals in animal pro-tein production from Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and Africa for an entire week filled with qual-ity meeting opportunities. There simply is no more effective way

to meet with so many relevant industry professionals of equal level focusing the world’s most rapidly developing countries,” says Berculo.

Over the years VIV Asia has developed as reputation as a place to launch new products. “Among the 750 exhibitors, we increasingly see companies launching their global innovations, emphasising the role of VIV Asia as one of the industry’s top-four leading international events.

“In addition to these promo-tional activities, we see international institutions and associations as well as private companies holding their Asia-Pacific meetings on the Sunday, Monday and Tuesday preceding the show days,” adds Berculo.

'Feed to Meat'Like all VIV events, VIV Asia

is structured around a ‘feed to meat’ concept which covers the whole production process from feed milling to meat hitting the shop shelves. “The objective in our industry is to produce sufficient volumes of safe meat, egg, fish and dairy products, attractively por-tioned and packaged at competing prices,” says Berculo.

However, Berculo points out that despite this huge remit, safety is the key ethos behind the VIV brand. “At first, we look into the role of animal protein in securing that enough meat, eggs, fish and dairy products will be produced. Second, and immediately after that, it has to be safe. To ensure safe production of animal protein, all processes in each part of the entire production chain need to be of good quality and require any problems to be tracked and traced immediately back wards through-out the production chain.

“It’s the VIV ‘Feed to Meat’ con-cept which covers this philosophy. It also clearly indicates that invest-ment in technology in all parts of the production chain is needed and, most important, can be seen and discussed at just one platform: VIV.”

Safety firstIn addition to food safety,

Berculo identifies two other major concerns for the industry: consum-er preferences and cost-effective production. To satisfy these needs,

VIV Asia

March 13-15, 2013, BITEC Bangkok, Thailand

Eventsthe farmer. “That wide-ranging discus-sion should highlight some important issues about the potential of digital technology for our industry going for-ward,” says Gilbert.

“We will then open the discus-sion to questions and comments from attendees. This will be an interesting part of the session, where equipment suppliers can gain some feedback while feed manufacturers can gain a fuller understanding of the benefits that digital engineering is delivering in terms of cost and efficiency,” adds Gilbert.

The debate has been struc-tured along the lines of the production, chain from delivery, through storage and grinding to pelleting and processing, cooling and drying to product storage and dispatch. Companies participating include, Foss, Adifo, Amandus Kahl, Wenger and Andritz.

Visit the Perendale stand at H105.B051

More InforMatIon: www.vivasia.nl

and the chairman of the two-hour seminar. “There will be seven or eight very short presentations made by supply companies that have devel-oped products either using or that use digital technologies to improve the feed manufacturing process.

Yiannis Christodoulou, president, Agentis Innovations, Thailand will be speaking on behalf of his company. He explains the theme of his presentation, “the animal and aquafeed industries have developed into sophisticated processing systems requiring a high degree of either manual or automated control. Automation is often only par-tially utilised within the feed industry as a means to improve accuracy of pro-duction and reduce reliance on labour. Many businesses do not capitalise on the huge economic benefits of a holis-tic approach to automation which includes the complete process from order processing to farm delivery.”

Following the presentations, speak-ers will be encouraged to discuss their developments and how they have or will impact feed manufacturing for the benefit of the feed manufacturer and

summit is another best-practice of the value VIV adds to its events. Developed in close co-operation with loyal advisors to VIV, this is a premium-quality conference based on my personal initiative,” he says.

A very special seminarPerendale Publishers will be tak-

ing part in one of the CropTech-FeedTech Asia seminars on March 13, 2013. Called ‘Digital engineering in feed manufacturing’, this unique seminar is for those working in the area of mill technology and aims at providing background information on intelligent solutions that have been introduced to address processing chain dilemmas.

“What’s unique for our industry about this event is its format,” says Roger Gilbert, publisher of Grain and Feed Milling Technology magazine

VIV Asia presents three special features: CropTech-FeedTech Asia, focusing cost-effective feed production, MeatTech, highlighting the latest technologies to produce safe products that can be used eas-ily by the consumers, and the VIV Animal Health Summit Asia.

The summit is the first confer-ence in Asia to address the rapidly growing concerns about the use of antibiotics in animal protein produc-tion, both at CEO and technical level. On a personal note, Berculo is particularly excited about the VIV Animal Health Summit Asia. “The

Lesaffre Feed Additives, the Nutrition and Health division of Lesaffre Group, has more than 30 years

experience in animal nutrition.

LFA delivers a holistic solution to animal physiology and nutrition, providing ready made solutions to the feed industry, to nutritionists and to livestock farmers.

Lesaffre Feed Additivesinnovative and proven products

Tel.: +33 (0)320 81 61 00 E-mail: contactlfa@lesaffre.fr

www.yeast-science.com

Events

IDMA April 4-7, 2013 Istanbul, Turkey

The IDMA Show is back. Held once every two years, the fair returns for a fifth

edition and promises to be bigeer and better than ever. The Istanbul-based event covers all aspects of the milling industry including flour, semolina, rice, corn, bulgur and feed milling machines and legume, pasta and biscuit technologies. For four days the Istanbul Expo Center will play host to the largest brands from across the milling world who are keen to showcase their latest technologies.

In addition to the trade show will be plenty of opportunities for training and development. One of the highlights is the 14 -hour ‘Cer t i f ied Mi l l ing Training Program’ which involves numerous modules in all aspects of running a modern mill from raw materials to energy saving and logistics in foreign trade.Visitors working in a flour plant or milling technologies manufacturing industry can attend the training which will held in both Turkish and English. There will also be four different seminars on rice, legumes, and bulgur and pasta groups. Run by senior company executives and NGO managers, the seminars will cover everything from product supply to trade, processing technologies to investment and production costs. The seminars will be held in Turkish and English unlike the previous year.

More InforMatIon:www.idma.com.tr

World millers are looking forward to IDMA

GFMT caught up wi th show orangiser Zübeyde Kavraz, general manager, Parantez Fair Organization Company, to talk about IDMA 2013.

How will IDMA 2013 be different from the previous exhibition? We organised IDMA 2011 exhibition in two halls and in a total space of 14,000 square metres. We expanded the exhibition area for 2013 so that more brands will be represented in the exhibition and product diversity will be increased. IDMA 2013 Exhibition will be in three halls encompassing a total area of 21,000 square metres. First of all, this will allow visitors to see more alternatives and product varieties in 2013 Exhibition. Furthermore, they will have the opportunity to learn about the latest innovations and technologies developed by these brands.We can say that another significant difference for visitors will be the increase in the number of foreign participants. This means almost all of the leading actors in the world milling industry will attend the exhibition. This will strengthen the international characteristic of IDMA again.

In addition, we expanded domestic and foreign visitor attendance activities. We believe that especially the promotional activities aimed for foreign visitors will produce results in the fair in 2013 and this will satisfy the participants. Participants will have the opportunity to increase their market shares thanks to the work relations they will form by coming together with thousands of professional visitors from 120 countries.

Why open a third hall?There are several reasons. First of all, the majority of the participants, who left IDMA 2011 satisfied, wanted to enlarge their fair booths in IDMA 2013 whereas numerous companies which failed to participate in the exhibition of 2011 desire to take place in IDMA 2013. Therefore we

need to create space for the said companies. However, the main reason is increased the demand we have receive from international visitors.As it is well known that we carry out our promotional works in 120 countries of the world as Parantez Group. During these promotional act iv i t ies , the manufacturers, who produce flour and semolina which are the principal raw materials of pasta

and biscuits, also appear to be pasta and biscuit investors.The said investors, who follow up IDMA in order to shape their investments, are enthusiastic about benefitting more efficiently from this exhibition. We decided to open a third hall to ensure that the biscuits, pasta and

Seminar programme

April 5, 2013 11:00 – 13:00 World Pulse Production, Consumption and Trade 14:00 – 16:00 World Rice Production, Consumption and Trade

April 6, 2013 11:00 – 13:00 World Bulgur Production, Consumption and Trade 14:00 – 16:00 Recent Developments in World Pasta Sector

Eventsbread technologies are widely represented in the exhibition in accordance with the request we received from the said investors.

Who is the target group of the exhibition?Flour, semolina , corn, r ice and feed millers, producers and representatives of pulses cleaning and packing, pasta and biscuit technologies, grain storing silos, filing, carrying and

discharging systems, laboratory equipment, additives, packing machines and materials, spare parts and sub-industry products as well as international sellers of grains and pulses will attend the fair. These participants introduce the latest innovations in the systems they have developed

or represent to the visitors in IDMA 2013.

How many visitors are you expecting for IDMA 2013?IDMA 2011 was visited by more than 8 ,000 people from 60 countries. We expect IDMA 2013 to be visited by more than 10,000 local and foreign professionals from 120 countries over four days.

Could you give information about other activities that will be performed in the exhibition?We will organise seminars on basic subjects such as pulses, rice, cracked wheat (bulgur) and pasta in IDMA 2013 as we did in the

previous exhibition. Differently from the previous exhibitions, Turkish and English simultaneous translations will be done in the seminar that will be organised in 2013 exhibition. This way, visitors from abroad will easily benefit from these seminars. Apart from the seminars organised by us (Parantez Fair Organization), some international institutions and companies will have similar events. Details of this wil l announce on our website.However, our most significant event will be the 14-hour ‘Milling Certification Training’, which will concurrently take place with the exhibition.

What is the scope of this training? Who can participate in the training and who will be the trainers? As Parantez International Fair Organization, we organise a 14 -hour ‘Certi f icate Mill ing Training’ programe for the representatives of the milling

sector who will visit the exhibition within the scope of IDMA Exhibition. The programme, which will take place on April 5-6, 2013 consists of 14-hour theoretical training. The programme trainers are the professionals who are successful in their fields. The main topics of the content of training are as follows; Supply of Raw Materials in Milling sector, Raw Material Storage, Mill Technologies and Milling, Efficiency and Energy Saving with regard to Milling, Quality and Quality control with regard to Flour and Flour Additives, Wheat and Flour Logistics in International trade and Flour Plant Investments- Investment Feasibility Studies and Management.The training will be provided in free of charge in both English and Turkish. Those who wish to participate in the programme are required to be employed at a flour plant (mill) or work in milling technologies production industry and be able to prove such employment. Again, more information can be found online.

IDL13-GFMT CETAK.ai 1 11/22/2012 2:27:08 PM

Please tell our readers a little about your companyI was very young to become chairman of this company in 2008. The Shanghai ZhengChang company is focused on machinery markets and turnkey projects outside China for the ZhengChang Group. Before locating in Shanghai the ZhengChang Group was turning over US$10 million per year in export sales. Over the past five years export and sales have reached US$35 million per year.

What are the advantages of the ‘Pelleting King’?ZhengChang’s feed workmanship has been ahead of the current common standard for 10 to 15 years. The ‘Pelleting King’ is the preparatory work for the next five to 15 years for China’s feed machinery industry. Along with the large-scale, intensification and internationalisation, China’s feed machinery will enter an era of large and middle size. The ‘Pelleting King’ will save a large amount of investment, processing and management costs as well as create great value for feed enterprises becoming stronger. For example, the four set ‘Pelleting King’ can reach hourly output of 200-220, which would need eight sets on another machine.

Besides ‘Pelleting King’, what are the company's other innovations?A few years ago, like most enterprises in China, we only con-sidered how to manufacture equipment that could make feed. Nowadays, ZhengChang considers how to make more benefits for our customers regarding feed processing workmanship and equip-ment. For example, we promote ‘Suckling Pig Feed Workmanship’, ‘New Type Cattle Feed Workmanship’ and ‘De-Salmonella Layer Hen Workmanship’, which directly influence the feed quality, the key technology and equipment of the feed industry. At the same time, the FCR, laying rate and the milk production amount have improved correspondingly.

How has ZhengChang’s overseas business developed in recent years?ZhengChang’s overseas business has spread to some 80 countries across the world. We have over 5,900 pelleting customers, and over 8,000 pelleting mills have been purchased by customers in China and other countries. In terms of overseas business expan-sion, the biggest benefit is that cooperation can bring win-win results. Creating greater profits for customers means customers from overseas will be attracted by our products and auxiliary services.

Under the current economic environment, what opportunities are there for feed machinery enterprises to develop? From small to large, China’s feed enterprises will follow the path of European and American enterprises, and increase to being large and super large enterprises with hourly output of 300T. So, feed enterprises will have new demand for large equipment. ZhengChang has done a great deal of research and studies into China’s feed enterprises, but we not just do that for feed compa-nies, we also focus on farmers. The final target is to create value for farmers.

How is the machinery market within China?It's very good. We are surprised with the strength of the Chinese market. Ten years ago we thought the market might become less. However, it has seen growth of between 20 and up to 30 percent per year. People are becoming richer. In the 1980s a typi-cal Chinese family might have eaten meat once per week. Right now they can have a different meat everyday. There has been a big social change and the Government has changed also. Prior to 2000 most businesses were owned by the Government and people had fixed salaries. Now people can create new businesses and hard working people can change jobs for more money or be paid more to stay.

Why do companies value Chinese products?We are working in 130 countries with agents in North and South America, throughout Asia and in the Middle East and Africa. Asia and South America are the fastest growing areas for us. When margins are tight companies still have to invest. Once a company has tried our products they are very satisfied. They are not as the image might suggest. I think the future is Chinese products. It's a development you can't change. That might not have been the case in the past 10 years, but we are growing up fast with the type and quality of our equipment. The mission of our company is to change the food quality of the world. That's a huge mission for us. There are people who have to eat and to eat they will need us. We say the world belongs to Chinese products.

2012 was a busy year for ZhengChang. The company changed its name from ZCME to ZhengChang, launched the ‘Pelleting King’ SZLH1068 Pellet Mill and continued its international expansion. Founded in 1918 as an oil and rice factory, ZhengChang’s first mill came to market in 1974. Today, the company is one of the world’s largest feed machinery manufacturers and whole plant builders, with a range of turnkey solutions. Hao Yun, chairman of Shanghai ZhengChang, which is responsible for international sales and projects for the ZhengChang group, talks about the history of the company, its future and the expanding Chinese market.

The GFMT interview

Hao YunZhengChang Chairman

Classified section

62 | January - february 2013

Analysis

• Automation Products, Inc.

Block 10 Todd CampusWest of Scotland Science ParkAcre Road, GlasgowScotland G20 0XATel: +44 141 945 2924info@r-biopharmrhone.comwww.r-biopharm.com

Competence in Food and Feed AnalysisR-Biopharm Rhône Ltd,Unit 3.06 Kelvin Campus, West of Scotland Science Park,Maryhill Road, Glasgow, G20 0SP ScotlandTel: +44 (0) 141 9452924 Fax: +44 (0) 141 9452925info@r-biopharmrhone.com, www.r-biopharmrhone.com

BiopharmRhoneClass.indd 1 31/03/2010 15:36AgraStrip® + AgraVisionTM

www.romerlabs.com

Quantitative Strip Tests for

ß Aflatoxins ß Deoxynivalenol (DON) ß Fumonisins & ß GMOs NEW!

• Systech Instruments Ltd

Animal Health & Nutrition

• Alicorp SA

CENZONE TECH INC.2110 Low Chaparral DriveSan MarcosCA92069 USATel: 760 736 9901Fax: 760 736 9958Web: www.cenzone.comE-mail: cenzone.tech@worldnet.att.net

• Danisco Animal Nutrition• Noack - Group of Companies• Papillon Agricultural Products, Inc

Bulk Handling

• Croston Engineering Ltd

Bulk Storage

Specialists since 1976 in the Design, Supply, Installation and Commissioning of:

• Bulk Storage and Handling Systems• Pneumatic and Mechanical Conveying• Weighing and Batching• Screening and Magnetic Protection• Bag Filling and Discharge• Aspiration and Dust Control• Turnkey ProjectsTarvin Mill, Barrow Lane, Tarvin Chester CH3 8JFTel: 01829 741119 Fax : 01829 741169E-mail: admin@croston-engineering.co.ukWeb: www.croston-engineering.co.uk

• Pneumatic and Mechanical Conveying

Maximumbulk

storage

Silo Construction & Engineering

www.sce.be+32(0)51 723128

• Schmidt-Seeger GmbH• Silos Cordoba S.L

steel livestock

ulture

www.symaga.comsymaga@symaga.com

T: +34 91 726 43 04 F: +34 91 361 15 94

• Teta Engineering Inc.

Conveyors

• Anderson International Corp• Amandus Kahl

PNEUMATIC MOBILE CONVEYORSSHIP/BARGES LOADERS & UNLOADERS

www. .com

class_vigan.indd 1 30/11/2012 10:51

• Blo-Tech Ltd• Cargotec Sweden AB• Schenck Process UK Limited• Dynamic Air Inc

Elevator Buckets

St. Louis, Missouri USAT:+1 314 739 9191•F:+1 314 739 5880

www.tapcoinc.com

ELEVATOR BUCKETS & BOLTS

STYLE CC-XD (XTREME DUTY)Polyethylene Elevator Bucket

AquafeedClassified40_2x40mFINALrevsd 2/23/10 12:35 AM Page 2

Elevator & Conveyor Components

Material Handling & Electronic Components for all Applications

•HazardMonitors•LevelControls

•ElevatorBuckets&Bolts•Belts&Fasteners

•ForgedChains&Sprockets

www.go4b.com

Equipment for sale

Condex (UK) Ltd

“Turner” Flaking Rolls 30 ins complete with drive.

Large flaking roller by “Damman & Croes”

Belgium complete with two x 30kw

motors,rollers 24 ins diameter x50 ins wide very heavy duty

For more information Tel: 01453 826016

HANDLING TECHNIQUES

CL_Handling_techniques.indd 1 22/09/2011 13:54

Extruders

Almex b.v., Verlengde Ooyerhoekseweg 29 7207 BJ Zutphen, The Netherlands

Tel. +31 (0)575 572666e-mail info@almex.nl, www.almex.nl

www.extruder.nl / www.expander.nl

www.brabender.com

BQV_42x40_Layout 2 29.11.2012 15:36

Feed processing

Ottevanger Milling Engineers

Moerkapelle and Aalten - HollandTel.: +31 79 593 22 21

E-mail: mkp@ottevanger.com

www.ottevanger.com

To advertise in our classified section, please call: +44 1242 267700

Your advert will appear in the magazine both in print and online - and will also feature in our online Market Place at www.gfmt.co.uk/market

Classified section

Recruitment

• AGRI-Associates• Agribusiness Recruiters

• Andritz Feed & Biofuel BV• Kay Jay Chill Rolls Pvt Ltd

• Millson Engineering Limited• Muench-Edelstahl GmbH

Tel: +86 546 8313068Email: ycgbc@silo86.com

www.silo86.com

Grain Silo Manufacturing

Yingchun Group

Shangdong_class.indd 1 29/03/2011 11:20

Valves

• TekPro Ltd• Wallace & Associates Inc.• Younglove Construction LLC

Packaging

• Arodo BVBA

A C l o n d a l k i n C o m p a n y

FLEXIBLE PACKAGING

For more information, please call Tim Stallard: +44 (0) 7805 092067www.cbpackaging.com

CB Packaging is a market leader of multi-walled paper sacks. With over 50 years of experience, we offer solutions for a wide range of industries, including animal feeds, pet food, seeds, milk powder, flour and root crops.

Process control

• Converteam UK Ltd• Datastor Systems Ltd• KSE Protech BV• RED-BERG s.r.l.

Intake and Inline measurement of

moisture, protein, temperature,

structure, ash, fat, fibre, starch and

colour. Recipe management and

traceability records.

For maximum control and efficiency call:

01473 829188

www.suffolk-automation.co.uk

Analysis

& Control

Versatility in feed processing

Wynveen International b.v.

Tel: +31 (0)26 479 06 99

info@wynveen.com

www.wynveen.com

Grinder hammers

John Staniar & Co.

Grinder Screens

John Staniar & Co.

Level measurement

Mill Design & Installation

www.buhlergroup.com

Buhler AGCH – 9240Uzwil, SwitzerlandT: +41 71 955 11 11F: +41 71 955 66 11E: milling@buhlergroup.com

Buhler Class ad_GFMT10.indd 1 11/12/2009 09:07

IMD 21

INDUSTRY FACES

An optimised sales network at Pancosma

With a view to double the company’s turnover by 2020, Pancosma has implemented a global sales reorganisation, in order to strengthen its local services in terms of quality and rapidity. With this in mind, the company has appointed Ronald Kräft as sales director for North and East Europe, and Middle East areas. Alongside him, Dirk Zandstra will manage sales for the Dutch market. In addition, Pancosma has recently opened a Russian subsidiary in Moscow, which will ensure a direct presence for the company not only in Russia but also in the former CIS countries.Marcos Teixido has also joined Pancosma as as aales director for Mediterranean and African areas, which are increasingly seen as growth regions. Finally, Manuel Soto is the firm’s new sales director for Latin America. Based in Mexico, Soto will manage the new partnerships Pancosma is forging in this fast-evolving area.

www.pancosma.comManuel Soto

New management appointments at Glencore following Viterra takeover

Two new members of staff have joined the team at Viterra following the takeover of the company by Glencore in December 2012.Fran Malecha, formerly Chief Operating Officer of Viterra, has been appointed Director, Agricultural Products, North America, with responsibility for all North American operations. He will be based in Regina, Saskatchewan which becomes headquarters for Glencore's North American Agricultural Products business. David Mattiske has been appointed Country Manager, Agricultural Products, Australia and New Zealand, with responsibility for all agricultural operations in Australia and New Zealand. Chris Mahoney, Director of Agricultural Products of Glencore, says, "Glencore has acquired more than physical assets; we have gained the world class skills and experience of Viterra employees and we are already working well together to implement a smooth integration. Furthermore, I am delighted to welcome Fran and David to their new positions and I have every confidence that the businesses in North America and Australia will thrive under their leadership."

www.glencore.com

Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture bags new director

Niels Halberg takes up the helm as director of the Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture (DCA) at Aarhus University, Denmark. Halberg will remain director of the International Center for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS) while taking on the new role. It is hoped that the combined leadership of both organisations will create a wider foundation for joint knowledge dissemination and synergy between research in organic and conventional agriculture and food systems. According to Halberg, activities and results within both ICROFS and DCA will benefit from the joint leadership and the closer day-to-day contact between the two centres.Halberg also emphasises the necessity of ensuring that results from research are converted into targeted dissemination of relevant knowledge to the various target groups working within or in close corporation with the industry, and thus continuously benefitting from new developments in dissemination methods.

www.icrofs.org

North American Millers’ Association announces new chairman

Jim Meyer has taken over as chairman of The North American Millers’ Association (NAMA) has promoted vice chairman Jim Meyer to chairman. Meyer was elected NAMA vice chairman and to a three-year term on the executive committee in October 2012. He has been on the NAMA board since 2005, served on numerous NAMA committees, and is currently the Finance/Budget Committee chairman. He will serve as chairman for a two-year term, 2013-2014. “By providing the milling industry a voice in Washington, acting as an information conduit, and building collaborations, NAMA provides a valuable service to the milling industry. I am looking forward to working with the leadership and staff of NAMA on continuing to build our alliances and information resources for the benefit of the industry,” says Meyer.Meyer is the president of Italgrani USA, a family-owned company and one of the country’s largest durum millers. In addition to the milling operations, Italgrani also trades various commodities, both domestically and internationally, and has grain-elevator operations in North Dakota and a major grain-handling operation in St. Louis, Missouri. Meyer will replace Greg Schlafer who has left the milling industry for a role in the potato business at ConAgra Foods.

www.namamillers.orgJim Meyer

Ronald Kräft

Innovations for a better world.

Success comes with the original product. Quality always pays off. Bühler is setting

standards in the grain processing industry for more than 150 years. Whether you

grind wheat, corn, rye, oat, buckwheat, soy, or malt grain – our processes and

equipment are finely tuned to get the most from your grain. And this kind of pro-

cess quality quickly pays off. The highest flour yields and best product quality

ensure fast return on investment. www.buhlergroup.com

Bühler AG, Grain Milling, 9240 Uzwil, Switzerland, T +41 71 955 11 11, F +41 71 955 66 11

milling@buhlergroup.com, www.buhlergroup.com

Visit us at the IDMA 2013

in Istanbul (April 4 – 7, 2013),

Hall 10, booth no. B2

Jan | Feb 13 - Grain & Feed Milling Technology

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