Post on 17-Jan-2016
JAMES I – devoted to theory “Divine Right of Kings” – Absolutism
Went against Parliament – which controlled the $$
HOUSE OF COMMONS – wanted more say in the government
CHARLES I – (James I’s son) – attempted to rule without Parliament (1629-1640)
1640 – 1660- THE LONG PARLIAMENT – enacted legislation that limited the power of the King. i.e. Triennal ActUPRISING IN IRELAND – Parliament wouldn’t trust Charles I with an Army so he instigated a military action against Parliament.
PURITANS – increased dissatisfaction with the Church of England
Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Roman Catholic elements (pageantry)
James I and Charles I – showed they were highly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism
Tried to impose new religious elements in Scotland
“Book of Common Prayer”
Upset the Scots Rebelled
Charles I was forced to Summon Parliament
“Protestant ethic vs. “Middle-class ethic” or “Capitalist ethic”
CAVALIERS
(CHARLES I)VS
ROUNDHEADS
(OLIVER CROMWELL)
Execution of Charles I – Charged with Treason
COMMONWEALTH (republican form of Government
Theoretically: legislative power was in Parliament and executive power in a council of state
Reality: Oliver Cromwell and the military controlled the government – “Protectorate” – Military Dictatorship
Oliver Cromwell
Navigation Act: English Goods must be transported on English Ship
Cromwell died – 1658 – and his system of Governmnet died out
CROMWELL
Restricted the freedom of Anglicans and Catholics
Enforced public Morality
Closing the theaters
Prohibited dancing
Required strict observance of the Sabbath
Welcomed Jews
THE RESTORATION: 1660
Restored the Monarchy with Charles II, eldest son of Charles I
Restored the Anglican Church
Harmony between Crown and Parliament
1670 – Agreement with Louis XIV – 200,000 pounds annually to relax laws against the Catholics
Charles II
No legitimate children
Brother James – Catholic
Anti-Catholic fear in England
JAMES II
Appointed Roman Catholics to Government Positions
Attempted to follow his Father and Grandfather
Declaration of Indulgence – granting religious freedom to all
Wife produced a male heir – a Catholic dynasty seemed assured.
Throne was offered to Mary and her husband William of Orange
Mary was James II’s Protestant daughter
James II, wife and child fled to France
1689 William and Mary were crowned King and Queen of England
•Replaced 1 King with a minimum of blood shed
•King and Queen recognized supremacy of the Parliament
•Divine Right was replaced – King ruled with consent of the governed
•Bill of Rights
•CREATED A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Religious
Catholics could not possess firearms
Freedom of religion to nonconformists and Protestant dissenters – not Catholics
English Monarch must always be Protestant