JAMES I – devoted to theory “Divine Right of Kings” – Absolutism

Went against Parliament – which controlled the $$

HOUSE OF COMMONS – wanted more say in the government

CHARLES I – (James I’s son) – attempted to rule without Parliament (1629-1640)

1640 – 1660- THE LONG PARLIAMENT – enacted legislation that limited the power of the King. i.e. Triennal ActUPRISING IN IRELAND – Parliament wouldn’t trust Charles I with an Army so he instigated a military action against Parliament.

PURITANS – increased dissatisfaction with the Church of England

Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Roman Catholic elements (pageantry)

James I and Charles I – showed they were highly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism

Tried to impose new religious elements in Scotland

“Book of Common Prayer”

Upset the Scots Rebelled

Charles I was forced to Summon Parliament

“Protestant ethic vs. “Middle-class ethic” or “Capitalist ethic”

CAVALIERS

(CHARLES I)VS

ROUNDHEADS

(OLIVER CROMWELL)

Execution of Charles I – Charged with Treason

COMMONWEALTH (republican form of Government

Theoretically: legislative power was in Parliament and executive power in a council of state

Reality: Oliver Cromwell and the military controlled the government – “Protectorate” – Military Dictatorship

Oliver Cromwell

Navigation Act: English Goods must be transported on English Ship

Cromwell died – 1658 – and his system of Governmnet died out

CROMWELL

Restricted the freedom of Anglicans and Catholics

Enforced public Morality

Closing the theaters

Prohibited dancing

Required strict observance of the Sabbath

Welcomed Jews

THE RESTORATION: 1660

Restored the Monarchy with Charles II, eldest son of Charles I

Restored the Anglican Church

Harmony between Crown and Parliament

1670 – Agreement with Louis XIV – 200,000 pounds annually to relax laws against the Catholics

Charles II

No legitimate children

Brother James – Catholic

Anti-Catholic fear in England

JAMES II

Appointed Roman Catholics to Government Positions

Attempted to follow his Father and Grandfather

Declaration of Indulgence – granting religious freedom to all

Wife produced a male heir – a Catholic dynasty seemed assured.

Throne was offered to Mary and her husband William of Orange

Mary was James II’s Protestant daughter

James II, wife and child fled to France

1689 William and Mary were crowned King and Queen of England

•Replaced 1 King with a minimum of blood shed

•King and Queen recognized supremacy of the Parliament

•Divine Right was replaced – King ruled with consent of the governed

•Bill of Rights

•CREATED A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Religious

Catholics could not possess firearms

Freedom of religion to nonconformists and Protestant dissenters – not Catholics

English Monarch must always be Protestant