Post on 12-Apr-2018
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Seminar International Rice Research InstituteFebruary 3, 2015
The Social Science Sequel to Growin Rice !i"e #heat$%
Transition towar&s &ry rice culti'ation requiresinteration o( natural an& social sciences
)aul *+ Strui", #aeninen ni'ersity,
The -etherlan&s
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Structure
Intro&uction
.#hy this tal"/
rie( o'er'iew o( GR!#
#hy a sequel/
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Intro&uction
.#hy this tal"/
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Three illars o( international olicies (or (oo&
security an& rotection o( natural resources
riht to (oo&,
intensi(ication o( ariculture,
an& sustainability+
These three illars trier he(ty &ebates about
technoloy,
ethics,
ecoloy, an& economics o( the ro&uction o( (oo&
In rice, the big issue is water
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Transition towar&s water sa'in in rice
The transition towar&s watersa'in rice systems requiressocialeconomic chanes, both at the le'el o( the individual
plot, farm and at higher levels of organization+
timi4in rice ro&uction within the (ramewor" o( enotye
byen'ironmentbymanaementbysociety interactions will
&eman& innovative approaches that will require a
consi&erable chane in the institutional infrastructure+
The knowledge chain will ha'e to be a&ate& an& the water
management will ha'e to be altere&+
ain an& analysin impact pathways o( the transition
(rom a&&y rice to aerobic or e'en &rylan& rice are crucial+
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oreo'er,++++
This transition to GR!# requires thorouhly concetuali4e&
research integrating social and natural sciences,
consistin o(%
1+ experimental field research on the aronomic an& socioeconomic consequences o( chanin the e6istin system7 an&
2+ empirical research on e6istin ulan& rice ro&uctionsystems to i&enti(y "ey success (actors o( those systems+
#aeninen base& social an& natural scientists seek synergy
with the IRRI sta(( to &ra(t a roramme consistin o( a social
science sequel o( the current natural science oriente&roramme Growin Rice !i"e #heat+
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rie( o'er'iew o(
Growin Rice
!i"e #heat
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Growing rice like wheat
Understanding rice drought tolerance mechanisms
by comparison with wheat
PhD6: Integrated modelling approach
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Groups involved
8 )lant Sciences Grou, #aeninen R,-etherlan&s8 International Rice Research Institute,
IRRI, )hiliines8 9et+ o( *ro )hysioloy, :S, In&ia8 ;an4hou ni'+,
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b=ecti'es an& aroach
To unra'el the mechanisms resonsible (or &rouhttolerance in rice an& comare to wheat
To ro'i&e a scienti(ic basis (or aronomic an&>orbree&in aroaches to row rice with less water, li"e
wheat
:roach 1% mechanistic &rouht tolerance stu&y o('arious tyes o( rice comare& to wheat
:roach 2% G#:S an& ?T! metaanalysis in rice toe6lore enetic 'ariation an& ro'i&e mechanisticlea&s
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:roach 1%@ )h9, with &i((erent (ocus
)reethi -A, analore, *S: #R%
. )hysioloy. Systemic
. *ellular tolerance
#en=in uyan Bni+ ;an4hou, *hina, *S: #RC
. #ater relations. orholoy, :natomy, Dy&raulics
Gio'anni elan&ri B)hysioloy, #RC
. )hysioloy, metabolomics
. Transiration>rotection eatri4 :n&reo
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Approach 2: Niteen Kadam
(IRRI, CSA WURGenome!"ide approach to identi#$ %enesassociated "ith comple& traits, li'e $ield,"ater use ecienc$, drou%ht adaptivetraits
Association analysis
Genediscovery
Phenotype analysis
Genotype analysis
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*onnectin the aroaches
)eads #or traits contri*utin% todrou%ht tolerance
)eads #or %enes and tolerant%enot$pes
orholoical E
hysioloical stu&ies #heat an& rice&i((erent D2
con&itions
?T! analysis
BmetaanalysisC G#: Bwi&e rane
o( rice 'arietiesC
:roach 1 :roach 2
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#hy a sequel/
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The issue
*ommon sense "nowle&e% lowlan&$ (loo&e& rice is bestractice, ulan&$ rain(e& rice has little otential
Recent BresearchC initiati'es (ocus on water re&uction
.:erobic rice$ an& System o( Rice Intensi(icationclaim hih yiel& otential in non(loo&e& con&itions
merin question% where &oes the common sense$come (rom an& &i& anyone question it be(ore/
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What is it about?
) H T S TJ TJS JS TJJS K
) er(ormance
H a'erae outcome o( a ro&uction system
T technoloical (actors at each art o( the system an& theirinteractions
en'ironmental (actors at each art o( the system an& theirinteractions
S societal (actors at each art o( the chain an& their interactions
K uncontrolle& resi&ual error
Ba&ote& (rom -ui=ten, Strui" et al+ 2013C
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*hanin con&itions L chanin ractices
!abour requirement an&
&irect see&in
)oor (arm economics
!an& ressure an&multile croin
#ater scarcity an&
waterlessrice ro&uction
Global climate chane an&methane emission in rice (iel&s
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The challene in aricultural research, to
be ic"e& u by a GR!# sequel
To &esin aroaches that are e((ecti'e in creatin"nowle&e that is usable by (armers, base& onarticiatory aroaches, cocreation o( "nowle&e, an&action research, an& trans&iscilinarity+
These aroaches in'ol'e all sta"ehol&ers inclu&inscientists (rom 'ery &i((erent &iscilines+
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: sequel requires
1+ etho&oloical aroaches Btechnorahy, &ianostics,er(ormance, =oint learnin, institutional conte6tanalysisC
2+ :wareness that technoloy alone cannot e6an&smallhol&ers$ oortunities
3+ obilisation o( smallhol&ers throuh e6erimentalrous
@+ 6erimentation with institutional inno'ations an&creation o( institutional chane
5+ :nalysis o( ararian systems, institutions an&inter'entions
M+ Reorientation on interation between natural an&social sciences
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Four imortant NDow/O questions
Fin&in ractical answers to the (ollowin comle6 questions%
1+ Dow can lastin chane be catalyse& in an aroecoloical
settin an& an institutional en'ironment that are hihly
comle6/
2+ Dow can we use the lessons learne& about institutional
inno'ation to ma"e local aroecosystems resilient an&suitable (or sustainable intensi(ication/
3+ Dow can sustainable aricultural intensi(ication be
orchestrate& in such a way that it imro'es the li'elihoo&s o(
all the rural oor/
@+ Dow can we &esin an& imlement aricultural olicies that
rotect smallhol&er (armers aainst the threats an&
uncertainties associate& with lobalisation o( mar"ets/
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*urrent tren& in science is to enhance
intensi(ication as it is oo& (or ro&ucti'ity,
resource use e((iciency an& sustainability%
P There is a stron (ocus on winwin situations Bor e'enwinwinwinC, (or e6amle F:$s #aternery!an&Foo&ne6us
P # aims to ro&uce two times more with two times less
P 9e #it arues
It may be conclu&e& +++++ that no ro&uction resource is
use& with any less e((iciency an& that most ro&uctionresources are use& more e((iciently with increasin yiel&le'el &ue to (urther otimi4in o( rowin con&itions
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n(ortunately, winwin situations are rare+++++
#hen &esinin water sa'in strateies in rice%
#e nee& an aronomy that (ocuses on the science o(tra&eo((s+
ase& on quantitati'e assessments o( ob=ecti'es, tools,resources an& costs (or systems that loo" beyon& to&ayan& beyon& one$s own lot, (arm or croin system+
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#hat &o we want
to achie'e/
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lan& rice research has a lon tra&ition at IRRI
1Q5
1QM
1Q@
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There(ore, i'en the issues at sta"e we ot
(or a *oalition o( the #illin to create
-ew theoretical (ramewor"s (or true interation o(natural an& social sciences
: concetual (ramewor" (or interal an& quantitati'e
tra&eo(( analysis
*rosso'ers between metho&oloies, analytical tools an&scienti(ic lanuaes
Trainin systems to create ra&uates that are realinterators instea& o( con'erte& natural or socialscientists
!ea&ershi an& o'ernance
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2+
Theory o( *hane > Research imact athway -#
Problem areas to beaddressed
Direct causes
Underlying knowledge-related causes
Research & developmentoutputs
Research & developmentoutcomes
Research & developmentimpact
Research
G i i lik h t l
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Growing rice like wheat sequel
Implementing innovative strategies for water-limited
rice production
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ortunities%
1+ #TR call (or 9utch
uni'ersities L *GI:R collaboration
Bu to 00 "euroC
2+ I-RF u to 1 euro
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han' $ou ver$ much