Html5 Flyover

HTML5 FlyoverA fast-paced overview of HTML5

By Peter Lubbers, KaazingLondon HTML5 User Group

May, 2010

About Peter Lubbers• Director of Documentation and Training, Kaazing• Co-Founder San Francisco HTML5 User Group

http://www.sfhtml5.org/• Co-author Pro HTML5 Programming

o Alpha Release: www.prohtml5.como Special 50% Off Coupon Code:

APRESSPROHTML5WR (expires May 31st)

• Ultra Distance Runner• Twitter: @peterlubbers

Agenda• HTML5 History and Vision• HTML5 Markup• HTML5 Forms• HTML5 APIs• Other HTML5 features• Developing HTML5 Applications• Q&A… &B

Verbatim“The world is moving to HTML5”

—Steve Jobs, Apple“The Web has not seen this level of

transformation, this level of acceleration, in the past ten years… we're betting big on HTML5”—Vic Gundotra, VP of Engineering, Google

“In a nutshell, we love HTML5, we love it so much we want it to actually work.—Dean Hachamovitch, General Manager for Internet Explorer,

Microsoft“I had no idea there was so much HTML5 already in play”—Tim O’Reilly

HTML Timeline

HTML Timeline < 1980

HTML Timeline 1980-1990

Standards Bodies and Specifications

HTML5 Standards Bodies• Web Hypertext Application Technology Working

Group (WHATWG)o Founded in 2004 (by individuals working for browser

vendors Apple, Mozilla, Google, and Opera)o Develops HTML and APIs for web application

developmento Unofficial and open collaboration of browser vendors

and interested parties• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

o Created draft of HTML5 in 2008• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

o Protocols (HTTP, WebSocket)

Specifications• WHATWG

o http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/• W3C

o http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html• IETF (WebSocket specification)

o http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol

Is This HTML5?• Many pieces of the HTML5 effort (for example,

Local Storage, WebSocket, and Geolocation) were originally part of the HTML5 specification

• Moved to a separate standards document to keep the specification focused

• Industry still refers to the original set of features, including Web Sockets, as "HTML5“

• See: http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/introduction.html#is-this-html5?

HTML5 Vision and Design Principals

Design Principal #1 Compatibility• Pave the cow paths• Degrade gracefully• Research common

behavior; solve realproblems

• Support existing content

• Evolution not revolution• Don’t reinvent the wheel (or at least make a

Design Principal #2 Utility• Priority of Constituencies:

o When in doubt… value users over authors, over implementers (browsers), over specifiers(W3C/WHATWG), over theoretical purity.

• Secure by design• DOM consistency

(HTML5 and XHTML5)• Separation of

presentation and content

Presentation vs. Content• HTML5 strives to separate content from

presentation where possible (use CSS)• Most of the presentational features from

earlier versions of HTML are no longer supported

• This was already in the works (HTML4 Transitional, XHTML1.1)

• Problems with presentational markup:o Poor accessibilityo Unnecessary complexityo Larger document size

Design Principal #3 Interoperability• Specify well-defined behavior

o Specific instead of vague• Handle errors well

o Improved and ambitious error handling plans

o Prefer graceful error recovery to hard failure

• Avoid needless complexityo Simple is better

Simple is Better• Simplify wherever possible• Examples:

o Native browser ability instead of complex JavaScript code

o New doctypeo Character seto HTML5 APIs

Simplified Doctype

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML4/XHTML• HTML 4.01 Strict• HTML 4.01 Transitional• HTML 4.01 Frameset• XHTML 1.0 Strict• XHTML 1.0 Transitional• XHTML 1.0 Frameset• XHTML 1.1

Simplified Character Set

More Detail (Where Needed)• HTML5 is more detailed than previous specs to

avoid misinterpretation• Aim to define

things thoroughly,especially webapplications

• ~900 Pages spread overmultiple specifications

Design Principal #4 Universal Access• Support for all world

languageso For example, <ruby>

(Ruby annotations, used in East Asian typography)

• Accessibility o Support users with disabilitieso Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Accessible Rich

Internet Applications (ARIA)o WAI-ARIA roles can be added todayo Supported by screen readers

Plugin-Free Paradigm• HTML5 provides native support for many

features that were only possible with plugins or complex hackso Plugins may not be installedo Plugins can be disabled or blocked (iPad does not

ship with Flash plugin)o Plugins are a separate attack vectoro Plugins are difficult to integrate with the rest of an

HTML document (plugin boundaries, clipping, and transparency issues)

o Plugins are crash prone

A word about Flash

Just Kidding ;-)

HTML5 Features

HTML5 Features• HTML5 Markup

o New and removed HTML elementso New content types

• HTML5 Forms• HTML5 APIs• Other HTML5 Features

HTML5 Markup

<ruby>

<video>

<audio>

<meter>

New HTML5 Tags

<aside>

<frame>

Removed Tags in HTML5

By Antonio Lupettihttp://woorkup.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/HTML5-Visual-Cheat-Sheet.pdf

HTML5 Cheat Sheet

HTML5 Content Types• Metadata content

o Elements—commonly found in the head section—that set up the presentation or behavior of the rest of the document, for example script, style, title

• Flow contento Elements used in the body of documents and

applications, for example form, h1, small

• Sectioning contento Elements that define sections in the document, for

example article, aside, title

Content Types (Continued)• Heading content

o Section headers, for example h1, h2, hgroup

• Phrasing contento Text and text markup elements, for example mark, kbd, sub, sup, b

• Embedded contento Content that imports other resources into the

document, for example audio, video, canvas, iframe

• Interactive contento Content that users interact with, for example audio or video controls, button, textarea

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

HTML code (head section)<!DOCTYPE html><html>

</head>

HTML code body section (part 1)<body>

<header><h1>Header</h1>

</header>

HTML code body section (part 2)<section>

<h1>Article Header</h1></header><footer>

<h2>Article Footer</h2></footer>

</article></section>

HTML code body section (part 3)<aside>

<h3>Aside</h3></aside> <footer>

<h2>Footer</h2></footer>

</div></body>

</html>

HTML5 and CSS Level 3• CSS level 2 (W3C)

o published as a Recommendation1998o Candidate Recommendation 2007

• CSS Level 3 (W3C)o Like HTML5, under developmento Modularized with sub-specifications for easier

browser uptake (transformation, animation, transition)

• Some CSS Level 3 examples:o http://www.zurb.com/playground/o http://www.zachstronaut.com/

HTML5 Forms

HTML5 Forms• Formerly called Web Forms 2.0• Native functionality (no scripting for validation)

means less coding, for example:

Regular expression for a valid e-mail address:(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|\[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21-\x5a\x53-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])+)\])

HTML5 Forms• New form functionality:

o Date and color pickerso Search, e-mail, web address input typeso Validationo Spin boxes and Sliderso More

• Backward compatible• Features degrade gracefully (unknown input

types are treated as text-type) input

Example HTML5 Forms

Browser Support for Forms

• Opera 9.6+• Chrome (Partial)• Safari (Partial)

HTML5 APIs

HTML5 APIs• Canvas and SVG• Audio and Video• WebSocket• Server-Sent Events• Communication

o Cross Document Messagingo XMLHttpRequest Level 2

• Web Workers• Geolocation• Web Storage

HTML5 Canvas

About Canvas and SVG• Previously possible with Flash, VML,

Silverlight• Very complex to do in JavaScript without

plugins (for example, rounded corners or diagonal lines)

• Provide native drawing functionality on the Web

• Completely integrated into HTML5 documents (part of DOM)

• Can be styled with CSS• Can be controlled with JavaScript

Canvas vs. SVG• Not a matter of good or bad• Both can be used and they can also be

combined

Canvas SVGLow level High levelImmediate mode Retained modeFixed size ScalableBest for keyboard-based apps Best for mouse-based appsAnimation (no object storage) Medium animationPixels XML object modelNo interaction User interaction (hit detection,

events on the tree)

Canvas• HTML5 element and plugin-free 2D drawing

API that enables you to dynamically generate and rendero Graphicso Chartso Imageso Animation

• Canvas was originally introduced by Apple to be used in Mac OS X WebKit to create dashboard widgets

Canvas• Canvas is a scriptable bitmap canvas (images

that are drawn are final and cannot be resized• No object tree• Can be manipulated with JavaScript and styled

with CSS• 2D Context• 3D Context (Web GL)

Example: Canvas Animation

http://www.canvasdemos.com

Browser Support for 2D Canvas

• Chrome 2.0+• Firefox 3.0+ (3.5+)*• Opera 9.6+ (10.5+)*• Safari 3.1+ (4.0+)*

* Additional support for Canvas Text API

Browser Support for 3D Canvas (Web GL)

• Chrome 5.0+• Nightly builds of Safari• Planned for Firefox 3.7* Additional support for Canvas Text API

SVG• Modularized, XML-based language for describing

2D vector and mixed vector/raster graphics • SVG has been around on the Web since 2002

(using plugins)• SVG provides high fidelity graphics at any zoom

level• Until now mostly used for static content (maps,

org charts, floor plans, etc.)• HTML5 now allows native SVG content in the

browser (control with JavaScript, style with CSS)

SVG• “Scalable” Vector

Graphics—not bitmaps

Example SVG Game

http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/Graphics/35SVG--oids/

Browser Support for SVG

The percentages shown are based on combined support for all SVG modules (for example Basic, Inline, filters):

• Chrome 2.0+ (58%)• Firefox 3.0 (33%) 3.6 (46%)• Opera 9.6+ (83%)• Safari 3.1 (13%) 3.2 (46%) 4.0 (58%)

Note: IE 9 Will provide full support

HTML5 Audio and Video

Audio and Video

• New HTML5 media elementso <audio>o <video>

• Control using Audio/Video API• Native support in the browser (embedded

codecs)• Originally, the HTML5 specification was going to

require codec support…

AV Containers and Codecs• Audio and Video containers:

o H264 and Ogg• Audio and video codecs (algorithms used to

encode and decode an audio or video stream):o Audio: AAC, MP3, Vorbiso Video: H264, MP4, Theora

• Stalemate over patented/free codec inclusion• You can add multiple formats per (audio/video)

element to fallback

Example: YouTube HTML5 Channel

http://www.youtube.com/user/rocpoc

Browser Support for Audio and Video

• Chrome 3.0+ (Ogg + H264) • Firefox 3.5+ (Ogg)• Safari 3.2 (H264)• Opera 10.5 (Ogg)

Using HTML5 WebSocket

About HTTP• HTTP was originally designed for document

transfer• HTTP is half-duplex (traffic flows in only one

direction at a time)• Hard to achieve real-time,

bi-directional communication• Tons of unnecessary HTTP

header information sent with each HTTP request and response and added latency

Comet and Polling:Tin-Can Communication

• Comet and (Reverse) Ajaxo Great toilet cleanerso Bad for real-time communicationo Polling and Long-Polling

Example HTTP Request HeadersPOST /gwt/EventService HTTP/1.1Host: gpokr.comConnection: keep-aliveUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US)

AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.1.249.1064 Safari/532.5Referer: http://gpokr.com/gwt/7F5E66657B938E2FDE9CD39095A0E9E6.cache.htmlContent-Length: 134Origin: http://gpokr.comContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8Accept: */*Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdchAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3Cookie:

__utmz=247824721.1273102477.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); JSESSIONID=E7AAE0E60B01FB88D1E3799FAD5C62B3; __utma=247824721.1247485893.1273102477.1273104838.1273107686.3; __utmc=247824721; __utmb=247824721.4.10.127

HTTP Response Headers200 OKServer: Apache-Coyote/1.1Expires: Thu, 06 May 2010 01:06:51 GMTContent-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8Content-Length: 303Date: Thu, 06 May 2010 01:06:50 GMT

• Total (unnecessary) HTTP request and response header information overhead: 871 bytes (example)

• Overhead can be as much as 2000 bytes

Pop QuizWhat does WebSocket have in common with

model trains?

HTML5 WebSocket• W3C API and IETF Protocol• Full-duplex, text-based socket• Enables web pages to communicate with a

remote host• Traverses firewalls, proxies, and routers

seamlessly• Share port with existing HTTP content

(80/443)• Cross-domain ready (leverages Cross-Origin

HTML5 WebSocket• Connection established by upgrading from the

HTTP protocol to the WebSocket protocol using the same TCP connection

• Once upgraded, WebSocket data frames can be sent back and forth between the client and the server in full-duplex mode

• Frames can be sent full-duplex, in either direction at any the same time

• Each frame of data:o Starts with a 0x00 byte and End with a 0xFF byteo Contains UTF-8 data in between

Dramatic Overhead Reduction

Overheard…“Reducing kilobytes of data to 2 bytes…and reducing latency from 150ms to 50ms is far more than marginal. In fact, these two factors alone are enough to make WebSocket seriously interesting to Google.”—Ian Hickson (Google, HTML5 spec lead)

Beyond WebSocket• Once you have WebSocket, you can

communicate with WebSocket Servers and back-end servers and directly with message brokers

• You can extend client-server protocols to the web:• XMPP, Jabber• Pub/Sub (Stomp/AMQP)• Gaming protocols• Any TCP-based protocol

• Browser becomes a first-class network communication citizen

Example: WebSocket-Based Quake II Game Port

Browser Support for WebSocket

• Chrome 4.0+• WebKit Nightly builds• Support planned for Firefox 3.7, Opera• Note: Full HTML4 Emulation available

o Kaazing WebSocket Gateway (supports native WebSocket and provides emulation for older browsers)

HTML5Server-Sent Events

Server-Sent Events• Server-Sent Events (SSE) standardizes and

formalizes how a continuous stream of data can be sent from a server to a browser

• Effectively standardizes Comet and Reverse Ajax

• EventSource API for broadcasting data from server to client

Example: News Broadcast

http://kaazing.me/

Browser Support for Server-Sent Events

• Opera 9.0+ partial support• Development in Firefox Trunk• Note: With WebSocket support, SSE

support is not as important

HTML5 Communication

HTML5 CommunicationHTML5 defines two improved document

communication features• Cross Document Messaging• XMLHttpRequest Level 2

Cross Document Messaging• Enables secure cross-origin communication

across iframes, tabs, and windows (using origin security)

• Defines the PostMessage API as a standard way to send messages

• Provides asynchronous message passing between JavaScript contexts

• HTML5 clarifies and refines domain security by introducing the concept of an origin

Origin Concept• An origin is a subset of an address used for

modeling trust relationships on the Web• Origins are made up of a scheme, a host,

and a port—different origin:o https://www.example.com o http://www.example.com

• The path is not considered in the origin value—same origin:o http://www.example.com/index.htmlo http://www.example.com/page2.html

• Cross-origin communication identifies the sender by origino Allows receiver to ignore messages from origins it

does not trust or does not expect to receive messages from (white list)

o Applications must opt-in to receiving messages by adding an event listener for message events

o No risk of messages interfering with an unsuspecting application

Cross-Origin Communication

PostMessage Architecture

Example: Cross-Origin Chat

Browser Support for Cross Document Messaging

• Chrome 2.0+• Firefox 3.5+• IE 8.0+• Opera 9.6+• Safari 4.0+

XMLHttpRequest Level 2• XMLHttpRequest Level 2• XMLHttpRequest is the API that made Ajax

possible• XMLHttpRequest Level 2 significantly

enhances XMLHttpRequest o Progress eventso Cross-origin XMLHttpRequest

• XMLHttpRequest Level 2 allows for cross-origin XMLHttpRequests using Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)http://www.w3.org/TR/access-control/

Example XHR2 Architecture

Browser Support for XMLHttpRequest Level 2

• Chrome 2.0+ • Firefox 3.5+• Safari 4.0+

HTML5 Web Workers

Web Workers• Provide background processing capabilities to

web applications• Typically run on separate threads so apps can

take advantage of multicore CPUso Background number-cruncherso Background price updates from servero Search queries

Example: Prime Numbers

http://htmlfive.appspot.com/static/primes-good.html

Browser Support for Web Workers

• Chrome 4.0+• Firefox 3.5+• Safari 4.0+

HTML5 Geolocation

HTML5 Geolocation• Allows users to share their location for

location-aware services o Show user's position on mapo Tag content (photos/sound/video)o Turn-by-turn navigationo Alert users of nearby points of interesto Social networking

• Users must be allowed to opt in tolocation sharing

Location Data• Location information consists of a pair of

latitude and longitude coordinates and accuracy informationo Latitude is the numerical value indicating distance

north or south of the equatoro Longitude is the numerical value indicating distance

east or west of Greenwich, Englando For Example, Lake Tahoe:

Latitude: 39.17222, Longitude: -120.13778• Coordinates are always returned in decimal

Additional Location Metadata• Depending on the device, additional

meta data can be provided:o Altitudeo altitudeAccuracyo Headingo Speed

• If this additional metadata is not available it will be returned as a null value.

Location Sources• A device can use any of the following

sources:o IP addresso Coordinate triangulationo Global Positioning System (GPS)o Wi-Fi with MAC addresses from RFID, Wi-Fi, and

Bluetootho GSM or CDMA cell phone IDso User defined

• Each have pros and cons

Geolocation Architecture

External Location Service

Server that hosts the Geolocation

Application

Example: Privacy Explanation

Example: Geolocation App

http://maxheapsize.com/static/html5geolocationdemo.html

Map Integration• Coordinates are not easy to decipher, easier to

see on a map• Google Maps has built support for HTML5

Geolocation into its user interface (Show My Location button)

Browser Support for Geolocation

• Firefox 3.5+• Safari 4.0+ on iPhone• Chrome (Dev channel)• Support planned in Opera• Also available in Gears

HTML5 Web Storage

Web Storage

Cookies Session Local SQL DB

• Web Storage a.k.a “cookies on steroids”• Three types:1. Session Storage Area2. Local Storage Area3. Web SQL Database

Cookies vs. Web Storage• Cookies are limited in size• Cookies are transferred back and forth on

every request (bandwidth)• Cookies are visible on the network (security)• Data leaks (while switching tabs)• Web Storage provides a simple API for storing

values in easily retrievable JavaScript objects which persist across page loads

Example: Storage Demo

http://html5demos.com/storage

Browser Support for Web Storage

• Chrome 3.0+ • Firefox 3.0+• Safari 4.0+• Opera 10.5+• IE 8.0+

Browser Support for Web SQL Database

• Chrome 3.0+• Safari 3.2+• Opera 10.5+• Note: Web SQL Database is based on

SQLite and listed as stalled in the WHATWG spec. Indexed Database (a.k.a WebSimpleDB) is simpler and with no specific SQL database version, but not implemented yet.

Other HTML5 Features

Offline Web Applications

Offline Web Applications• Offline Web Applications

o HTML5 allows detection of online/offline modeo Users can continue to interact with web

applications and documents when their network connection is unavailable

o Example: Gmail (Moving away from Gears)• Use a cache manifest file with details about

files to be cached• Browsers cache data is in the application

Browser Support for Offline Web Applications

• Chrome 4.0+• Firefox 3.5+• Safari 4.0+

Other HTML5 Features• Drag and Drop Mechanism,

o Currently only in Firefox 3.5+• History

o Includes nested browsing contextso Not widely supported yet

• ContentEditable o Editable elementso HTML5 provides a formalization of what is already

implemented in HTML4 (all browsers)

Developing HTML5 Applications

HTML5 Application Assets• Typical HTML5 Application

o HTMLo CSSo JavaScripto Imageso Manifest (for caching offline applications)

HTML5 IDEs and Tools• Currently limited HTML5 IDE support

o SEEdit (Text editor)• HTML5 simplicity reduces work• Advanced browser development tools allow for

“semi-rapid” development and live codingo Safari Web Inspectoro Chrome Developer consoleo Firefox Firebug Add-on and Opera Firefly

• more IDE support as specification solidifies• In the meantime, browser detection and feature

HTML5 Helper Tools• modernizr

o Small, simple JavaScript library that checks support for HTML5 and CSS3 features

o Moves away from user-agent sniffing and uses feature detection instead

o http://www.modernizr.com/• html5shiv

o Creates the new HTML5 DOM elements in Internet Explorer so that styles can be applied to them

o http://code.google.com/p/html5shiv/

HTML5 Feature Emulation• Google Gears• Flash plugins• JavaScript-based emulations• Exporercanvas—Canvas emulation for

Internet Explorer:http://code.google.com/p/explorercanvas/

• SVG Web Toolkit—SVG in Internet Explorer:http://code.google.com/p/svgweb/

• WebSocket emulation for HTML4 browsers:Kaazing WebSocket Gatewaywww.kaazing.com

Moving Away From Flash• Reasons: iPad does not support Flash• Flash content can in some cases be

converted• Various HTML5 Canvas converters:

o Flash CS5 Export to Canvas: http://www.9to5mac.com/Flash-html5-canvas-35409730

o Opacity: http://likethought.com/opacity/o Illustrator to Canvas:

http://webdev.stephband.info/canvas/convert.html

Testing and Deploying• Testing HTML5 Applications is not much

different from HTML4 testing• Check for feature support in target browsers• Recent browsers provide better debugging

capabilities (extensive debug consoles)o Firebugo Webkit-based inspectoro Dragonfly

• Additional QA tools o Dynatrace (performance)o Wireshark (wire traffic inspection)

Mobile HTML5 Applications• HTML5 applications served in a browser,

therefore essentially not any different• Feature support may be different for mobile

devices (for example, Geolocation on Safari Desktop vs. iPhone)

• Widgets and iAd developments

What’s Next?

Microsoft IE and HTML5• IE8 implementations for some parts of HTML5• Recently joined HTML5 graphics working group

(12/09)• “Doubling down” in IE9 (9th time’s a charm)

o Audioo Videoo SVGo CSS3o 2D Accelerationo Does not run on XP

What’s Next?• Candidate Recommendation 2012• Proposed Recommendation 2022• There are already various features on the

roadmap that will not make it into HTML5o device elemento ping attribute

• Maybe just “HTML” (not version 6)?

Resources• “When Can I Use?” a website with up-to-date

HTML5 Feature support matrix:http://a.deveria.com/caniuse

• WHATWG HTML5 Speco http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/

• W3C HTML5 Speco http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html

E-mail: peter.lubbers@kaazing.comTwitter: @peterlubbers

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Html5 Flyover

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