HOWTOSTRENGTHENTHE„HUMANFACTOR“IN

HELICOPTEROPERATIONS&MAINTENANCE-PERSONNELDEVELOPMENTINAVIATION-

11thEASARotorcraftSymposium,KölnProf.Dr.BettinaSchleidt

SRHUniversityofAppliedSciences,Heidelberg

www.Human-Factors-Consult.com/www.ready-for-take-off.de

BettinaSchleidt

§  ProfessorBusinessPsychology&HumanFactorsSRHUniversityofAppliedSciences,Heidelberg

§  DiplomePsychology&DoctorDegreeEngineeringPsychology

§  CommercialHelicopterPilot§  QMforPart-145CompaniesandHeliOperators§  Consultant,CoachandTrainerre/

HumanFactors,CRM,PersonnelDevelopment..

Agenda

§  Whatisthe“HumanFactor”inHeliOpsandMaintenance?

§  HowistheHFrelatedtoSafety?§  WhatisPersonnelDevelopment?§  ToolsforPersonnelDevelopment§  AccidentAnalysis§  Conclusions

TheHumanFactor(s)..

§  TheCOREofeveryhelicopteroperationandmaintenance..

§  Thinking,feeling,actingofthehumanbeinginthecontextofthewholeproductlifecycle,inthe(potential)stressfieldofman,technologyandorganisation

§  Ininteractionwithacomplexsocio-technicalsystem

TheHumanFactor(s)..

Humanbeing(s)

Technique Organi-sation

..Influenceofinformationprocessing,attention,awareness,personality,learning,experience,communication…..Humanthinkinganfbehaviour...

Tasks

HumanFactorsFrameWork

System Design, Usability, Grade of Automation, Processes, etc

Knowledge, attitude, goals, memory, concentration, expectations, motivation, competencies, physical fitness, resilience,

experiences, emotions etc..

Performance, behaviour, action(s)

Analysis & judgment

Decision

Information processing

Stimulus/ Task(s)

Surrounding / Environment Organisational and Social Influences

Individual factors

Per

cept

ion

& A

ttent

ion

Situ

atio

nal a

war

enes

s M

enta

l mod

el

Technology/ System

Source:Schleidt,2016

GrowingGap

First Industrial Revolution

Water power, steam engine

Mid of 18th Century

Second Industrial

Revolution

Mass Production, elecrical energy

Third Industrial

Revolution

Digitalisation, Computer, Internet, continuing Automation,

Microchip

Fourth Industrial Revolution

Cyberphysical systems,

Internet of things, „intelligent“ Products

time Begin of 20th Century

2014 ca 1970

Com

plex

ity

Human potential

Modernworkplace,e.g.

maintenance,operation,..

Source:Schleidt,2016

Howaboutthefeelingsofthehumanbeing..

Growingfeelingofcomplexity

Product Processes

PartnerGeneral

conditions

Wecannotchangethecircumstances...

...butwecanfocusmoreonthehumanbeing......thisiswherestructuredpeopledevelopmentcomesin...

Person-Workplace-FitPe

rson

A

Person

B

CompetenciesWorkingconditions

Competentbehaviour

Lesscompetentbehaviour

GoodFIT

Competencyorientation

mmmm

nnnnn

Professionalcompetencies

Methodologicalcompetencies

PersonalCompetencies

SocialCompetencies

Personneldevelopment§  Systematicsupportofpeopleinanorganisation,

e.g.byú  SeminarsorTrainingsú  Coaching&Mentoringú  Peersupervisionandconsultationú  SelfreflectionandResourceManagement

§  Goalsaretostrengthencompetencies,toraisetheawarenessforresourcesthatareavailabeatthesingleworkplaceandtoenhancesafeandhealthydecisionmakingandbehaviour

CRMandHFtrainingsarein

place

PersonalResources...

System Design, Usability, Grade of Automation, Processes, etc

Knowledge, attitude, goals, memory, concentration, expectations, motivation, competencies, physical fitness, resilience,

experiences, emotions etc..

Performance, behaviour, action(s)

Analysis & judgment

Decision

Information processing

Stimulus/ Task(s)

Surrounding / Environment Organisational and Social Influences

Individual factors

Per

cept

ion

& A

ttent

ion

Situ

atio

nal a

war

enes

s M

enta

l mod

el

Technology/ System

Source:Schleidt,2016

Socialsurrounding

Me/Individual

Organisation

Technology

CaseStudy§  9thofJune,2012§  R44,1pilot,3paxonboard§  Flightpath:AugsburgtoSalzburg§  At16:11hrsLTdeparturetothesoutheast§  At17:01contactbetweenPICandTowerSalzburg

§  17.06:AreaofTraunstein->changeofdirectiontothesouth

§  Approximately2minlaterflightinlowaltitudealongthehighwayA8,headingtotheeast

§  Atapprox.17:11Uhrthehelicopterflewindeepcloudsinraisingterrainintoforest

§  Helicoptercompletelydestroyed,fourpeoplelosttheirlifes Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/

2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

Flightpath

Quelle:gat24.de

15:10:11

ca.15:11

Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

VideoRecording

§  Thevideorecordingofonepassengershowedthatthehelicopterflewclosetotheaccidentwithapprox.80ktsalongthehighwayA8,deep„hanging“oroverlayingcloudsandthepointwhereheflewintocloudsapprox.1100mbeforetheaccidenthappened.

Approx.1minuteflightwithoutoutsidevisual

orientation/references–noterrestricalnavigationpossible

anymore..

Source:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

Openquestions..

§  WhydidthePICnotcontinuetoflydirectioneastinplainarea?

§  HowdidthepilotunderstandthecommunicationwiththeTowerinSalzburg?

§  Whydidthepilotnotmakeasafetylanding(land&live)?

§  Whydidthepilotnotturnaround?§  Whydidthepilotnotsticktotheminimumsafe

altitudeoverlongtimes?

SNRobinson:„…LOSSOFVISIBILITYCANBEFATAL…YoumusttakecorrectiveactionBEFOREvisibilityislost..

Contributingfactors

§  Experienceonthetypeverylow(incl.typerating13hrs)

§  FirsttimePIConR44§  (Pilotknewtheflightpath&approachto

Salzburg)§  Highworkload(navigation,communication,

handlingofthehelicopter..)§  Friendsonboard..

§  Probablynoplan„B“andcompletely„lost“inthesituation

Inthesituation

Contributingfactors…

§  Massivemismatchofcompetenciesthepilotgainedduringbasictrainingandcompetenciesheneededinthedescribedsituation

..personneldevelopmentperspective..

Basictraining(privatepilot)GER Firstexperiencesas(private)pilot

Insufficient(inflight)trainingre/personalcompetencieslikee.g.judgement,decisionmaking,selfreflection..

Nodesignatedperson(e.g.amentor)todiscussandtolearnfrom

Insufficienttraininginexecutingunplannedsafetylandings

nopossibilitiestoflyassecondpilotandsotogainexperiencesstepbystep(systematicapproach)

…learningbydoing=theoppositeofsystematicpersonneldevelopment..

ProfessionalPilot(CPL)

Conclusions

§  Thecircumstancespeoplearefacingatthemodernworkplacecannotbechanged.Humanbeingsfollowtechnology–atleastatthemoment.

§  ThewaypeoplearetrainedandhowtheycanbesupportedsystematicallytoshowsafebehaviourandtostayhealthyandhappyJcanchange.

§  Letusthinkbeyondexistingtrainingapproaches!

Sources

§  BFUAccidentReport:https://www.bfu-web.de/DE/Publikationen/Untersuchungsberichte/2012/Bericht_12_CX011_R44_Teisendorf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

§  Schleidt,B.(2016).PersonalResourceManagementindermodernenProduktentwicklung.InR.Stelzer(Hrsg.),EntwerfenEntwickelnErleben2016.BeiträgezurVirtuellenProduktentwicklungundKonstruktionstechnik(213-222).Dresden:VerlagderWissenschaften.

Alwayssafeandfunflightsandintendedlandings!