Hardware, Network, and Software

Computer Organization

Kilobyte 1,000 bytes (actually 1,024)

Megabyte 1,000 kilobytes 106 bytes

Gigabyte 109 bytes

Terabyte 1012 bytes

Petabyte 1015 bytes

Exabyte 1018 bytes

Types of Computers

• Supercomputers

• Mainframes

• Minicomputers

• Servers

• Workstations

• Microcomputers

Types of Computers (cont’d)

• Desktops

• Laptops

• Notebooks

• Thin-clients

• Network Computers

• WINDOWS-BASED TERMINALS (WBTs)

Types of Computers (cont’d)

• Dumb terminals• smart card• Memory buttons• Embedded computers• personal digital assistants• (PDAs)• Global positioning systems• Tablet PC• Wearable computers

Secondary Storage

• Magnetic tape• Magnetic disks, or hard disks• redundant arrays of inexpensive disks

(RAID)• magnetic diskette• Zip disks

Optical storage devices

• Compact disk read-only memory(CD-ROM) disks

• Compact disk, rewritable (CD-RW)

• DIGITAL VIDEO DISK (DVD).• FLUORESCENT MULTILAYER

DISK (FMD-ROM).

• Tailor-made application software

• off-the-shelf application software

• general-purpose application programs

General-purpose application programs

• SPREADSHEETS• DATA MANAGEMENT• WORD PROCESSING• DESKTOP PUBLISHING• GRAPHICS (Presentation,

Analysis, Engineering)• MULTIMEDIA( Presentation,

Interactive)

SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

• controls and supports the computer hardware and its information processing activities.

• facilitates the programming, testing, and debugging of computer programs.

• Control, Support, and Development programs

System control programs-Operating System

job, resource, and data management• Monitoring performance • Formatting diskettes• Correcting errors• Controlling the computer monitor• Providing and maintaining the user interface• Sending jobs to the printer• Starting (“booting”) the computer• Maintaining security and limiting access• Reading programs into memory • Locating files• Managing memory allocation to those programs• Detecting viruses• Placing files and programs in secondary storage • Compressing data• Creating and maintaining directories

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

• Machine language• Assembly language• Procedural languages, Compilers,

Interpreters.• Nonprocedural or fourth-

generation language (4GL),• Natural language programming

languages (NLPs)

• Object-Oriented Languages• VISUAL PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGES.• Web Programming Languages