Hardware, Network, and Software. Computer Organization.
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Transcript of Hardware, Network, and Software. Computer Organization.
Hardware, Network, and Software
Computer Organization
Kilobyte 1,000 bytes (actually 1,024)
Megabyte 1,000 kilobytes 106 bytes
Gigabyte 109 bytes
Terabyte 1012 bytes
Petabyte 1015 bytes
Exabyte 1018 bytes
Types of Computers
• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Minicomputers
• Servers
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
Types of Computers (cont’d)
• Desktops
• Laptops
• Notebooks
• Thin-clients
• Network Computers
• WINDOWS-BASED TERMINALS (WBTs)
Types of Computers (cont’d)
• Dumb terminals• smart card• Memory buttons• Embedded computers• personal digital assistants• (PDAs)• Global positioning systems• Tablet PC• Wearable computers
Secondary Storage
• Magnetic tape• Magnetic disks, or hard disks• redundant arrays of inexpensive disks
(RAID)• magnetic diskette• Zip disks
Optical storage devices
• Compact disk read-only memory(CD-ROM) disks
• Compact disk, rewritable (CD-RW)
• DIGITAL VIDEO DISK (DVD).• FLUORESCENT MULTILAYER
DISK (FMD-ROM).
• Tailor-made application software
• off-the-shelf application software
• general-purpose application programs
General-purpose application programs
• SPREADSHEETS• DATA MANAGEMENT• WORD PROCESSING• DESKTOP PUBLISHING• GRAPHICS (Presentation,
Analysis, Engineering)• MULTIMEDIA( Presentation,
Interactive)
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
• controls and supports the computer hardware and its information processing activities.
• facilitates the programming, testing, and debugging of computer programs.
• Control, Support, and Development programs
System control programs-Operating System
job, resource, and data management• Monitoring performance • Formatting diskettes• Correcting errors• Controlling the computer monitor• Providing and maintaining the user interface• Sending jobs to the printer• Starting (“booting”) the computer• Maintaining security and limiting access• Reading programs into memory • Locating files• Managing memory allocation to those programs• Detecting viruses• Placing files and programs in secondary storage • Compressing data• Creating and maintaining directories
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
• Machine language• Assembly language• Procedural languages, Compilers,
Interpreters.• Nonprocedural or fourth-
generation language (4GL),• Natural language programming
languages (NLPs)
• Object-Oriented Languages• VISUAL PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES.• Web Programming Languages