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The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 1
Hany H. AmmarLANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,
Presented from Cairo University to the Islamic University in Gaza, April 3, 2010.
Cloud Computing: Benefits and Challenges
A Seminar Presentation
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسمالله رسول على والسالم والصالة ، لله الحمد
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 2
OUTLINE
• Our Research Team on Cloud Computing• What is Cloud Computing ?
– Utility Computing– Utility versus Cloud computing– Cluster and Grid Computing– Examples of Campus clouds– Grid and Community Computing– Grid and Cloud Computing
• The West Virginia U. Project • Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 3
Our Research Team on Cloud Computing
Faculty:• Dr. Matthew Valenti, West Virginia University• Dr Abdelkarim Erradi, Qatar University• Prof. Fatma Omara, Dr. hesham Hassan, Dr Sherif
Khattab, Dr Osama Ismael, Cairo University• Dr. Walid AbdelMoez, Arab Academy of Science and
Techology, Alexandria, Egypt
Students: Mohammed Said Saleh, Markous M. Yassa, Sana AbdulJalil, Amr Mahmoud
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 4
What is Cloud Computing
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 5
What is Cloud Computing Resource availability is a key factor to achieve prosperity
of any society,
Particularly important are computing resources
To attain their full potential, computing resources need to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated manner.
The demand for computing resources can now be met by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently cloud computing.
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 6
What is Cloud ComputingUtility Computing
Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources that they maintain Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use)
Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants
Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use optionAmazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service
provides resizable compute capacity in the cloudDesigned to make web-scale computing easier for developers.
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 7
What is Cloud ComputingUtility Computing
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) provides persistent
storage to Amazon EC2 instances Example of Amazon Elastic 2 standard instance
Small Instance – default 1.7 GB memory1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core with 1 EC2 Compute Unit)160 GB instance storage (150 GB plus 10 GB root partition)32-bit platformI/O Performance: ModerateAPI name: m1.small
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 8
What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud computing
Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources, but also hosts the applications that use these resources.
Applications usually accessed via a web browser.
User data typically stored on provider's file systems.
Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user. Example: gmail servers are concealed from users
Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop)
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 9
What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid Computing
A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled computing servers. Usually co-located.
A computing grid is a distributed collection of computing servers. While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could
be borrowed from idle desktop computers. A grid middleware system is needed to support the
development and assessment of service-oriented grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C) http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 10
Example: University of Florida Campus Grid
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 11
Example: University of California Campus Grid
The WVU Cloud Computing Project
A research team at West Virginia University led by Dr. Mat Valenti has been developing a cloud computing resource for the purpose of scientific computing by running a Matlab compute engine applications on underutilized computers located in the student computer labs and computer classrooms
Frontier CC middleware
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 13
What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community Computing
Community computing projects assemble a grid of donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles
Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.
BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid, and many, Folding@home (http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php)
Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux)
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 14
What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing
Resource Sharing: Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization. Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual
sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization Virtualization:
Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and database).
Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too Security:
Grid: security is not seriously explored. Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized
environment
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 15
What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing
Usability: Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the
user. Grid: hard to manage
Payment model: Cloud use pay- per use model. Grid fixed rate per service.
Scalability Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability
Heterogeneity: Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous
hardware and software.
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 16
OUTLINE
• Our Research Team on Cloud Computing• What is Cloud Computing ?• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 17
Benefits of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service
(XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Physical resource set (PRS): is hardware dependent or vendor dependentVirtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS
to run in multivendor cloud
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 18
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or .NET
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 19
Benefits of Cloud Computing Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab,
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 20
Benefits of Cloud Computing Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)
is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which computers are unable to do
Workers can work at home and make money by choosing from thousands of posted HITs.
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 21
Benefits of Cloud ComputingThe Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 22
Benefits of Cloud Computing The Provided services in the Cloud are the following:
Virtualized physical resources, Virtualized infrastructure, Virtualized middleware platforms Virtualized business applications
Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the clients side Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the
processing power of an expandable Grid computing system No need to buy a set of software or software licenses Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access
data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost data due to hard drive failures
Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to house expensive hardware and software servers.
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 23
OUTLINE
• Our Research Team on Cloud Computing• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 24
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 25
Challenges of Cloud Computing Service Providers: Development Services, or Build
and Test Services, Software Engineering Methodologies and tools How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control
costs, manage security, or supplement resources during peak use
Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the deployment details from the user using virtualization,
Security and privacy are the biggest concerns Cost accounting data , and usage tracking for Multiple
Clouds
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 26
Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 27
Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 28
Challenges of Cloud ComputingModel-Driven Design
Interdisciplinary Development teams:
End-to-End Collaboration &
Change Management
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 29
Challenges of Cloud ComputingCloud Management and Control
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 30
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for IaaS
Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications and enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/
Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 31
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support
AbiCloud Supports SaaS
http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 32
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support
enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS
enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud infrastructures across multiple providers http://www.enstratus.com/
enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing management of transactional database applications in clouds like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud.
The main features of enStratus include cloud security and availability management.
ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a virtualization environment that is architected to maximize uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 33
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS
Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute Utility provides access to a substantial computing resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour.
The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/
Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud.http://www.kaavo.com/home
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 34
OUTLINE
• Our Research Team on Cloud Computing• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 35
Making the case for Campus Clouds College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure
of computing resources in computing Labs This infrastructure is under utilized (many students
use laptops and Net Books) Service Providers and Users are in need for
inexpensive computing resources
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 36
Making the case for Campus Clouds Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating
the computing resources of multiple college campuses would provide the following benefits: Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and
businesses ($0.01/virtual node per hr x 16 hrs/day x 1000 nodes x 356 days, the 1000 virtual nodes may need only 30 physical Multi-Core servers)
Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of cloud computing
Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud users
Provides stronger ties between academia and industry Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 37
Conclusions
Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive on-demand pay per use computing resources
Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing and utility computing.
Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based Service-Oriented Engineering)
Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of cloud computing users and developers
Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties with Industry, and enhance academic research.
The 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Computer and Information Technology PICCIT 2010, March 9-11, 2010 http://piccit.ppu.edu/index.php/piccit/piccit2010 38
خيرا الله وجزاكم