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The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) 1
Hany H. AmmarLANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical
EngineeringWest Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,
Cloud Computing: Benefits and Challenges
A Key Note PresentationThe 20th International Conference on Computer
Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) , Alexandria, Egypt , October 24, 2010
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسمالله رسول على والسالم والصالة ، لله الحمد
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 2
OUTLINE
• What is Cloud Computing ?– Examples of Campus clouds
• Benefits of Cloud Computing, – What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 3
What is Cloud Computing
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 4
What is Cloud Computing Resource availability is a key factor to achieve prosperity
of any society,
Particularly important are computing resources
To attain their full potential, computing resources need to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated manner.
The demand for computing resources can now be met by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently cloud computing.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 5
What is Cloud ComputingUtility Computing
Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources that they maintain Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use)
Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants
Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use optionAmazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service
provides resizable compute capacity in the cloudDesigned to make web-scale computing easier for developers.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 6
What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud computing
Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources, but also hosts the applications that use these resources.
Applications usually accessed via a web browser.
User data typically stored on provider's file systems.
Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user. Example: gmail servers are concealed from users
Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop)
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 7
What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid Computing
A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled computing servers. Usually co-located.
A computing grid is a distributed collection of computing servers. While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could
be borrowed from idle desktop computers. A grid middleware system is needed to support the
development and assessment of service-oriented grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C) http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 8
OUTLINE
• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 9
Example: University of Florida Campus Grid
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 10
Example: University of California Campus Grid
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 11
What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community Computing
Community computing projects assemble a grid of donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles
Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.
BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid, and many, Folding@home (http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php)
Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux)
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 12
What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing
Resource Sharing: Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization. Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual
sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization Virtualization:
Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and database).
Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too Security:
Grid: security is not seriously explored. Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized
environment
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 13
What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing
Usability: Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the
user. Grid: hard to manage
Payment model: Cloud use pay- per use model. Grid fixed rate per service.
Scalability Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability
Heterogeneity: Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous
hardware and software.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 14
OUTLINE
• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 15
Benefits of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service
(XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Physical resource set (PRS): is hardware dependent or vendor dependentVirtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS
to run in multivendor cloud
Infrastructure-as-a-Service Providers
Lenk et al, CLOUD’09, May 23, 2009, Vancouver, CanadaThe 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) 16
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 17
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or .NET
Platform as a service Providers
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 18
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 19
Benefits of Cloud Computing Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab,
Software-as-a-Service Providers.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 20
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 21
Benefits of Cloud Computing Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)
is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which computers are unable to do
Workers can work on-line and make money by choosing from thousands of posted HITs.
US-based CrowdFlower has introduced a cloud labor service that connects organizations searching for temporary workers to refugees in Kenya , The iPhone app helps a business outsource a basic task, such finding a phone number for marketing departmentsat various companies and entering them into a spread sheet. Workers in Kinya have completed 158,000 tasks, individuals earn as much as $28/week, 8 times what they get from typical jobs in a refugee camp”
Human-as-a-Service Providers
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 22
“In India Cloud Computing is projected to grow from a 50 Million industry in 2009 to a $15 Billion Industry in 2013”S. Greengard “Cloud Computing and Developing Nations,” Communications of the ACM, May 2010.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 23
Benefits of Cloud ComputingThe Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 24
Benefits of Cloud Computing The Provided services in the Cloud are the following:
Virtualized physical resources, Virtualized infrastructure, Virtualized middleware platforms Virtualized business applications
Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the clients side Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the
processing power of an expandable Grid computing system No need to buy a set of software or software licenses Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access
data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost data due to hard drive failures
Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to house expensive hardware and software servers.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 25
OUTLINE
• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 26
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 27
Challenges of Cloud Computing Service Providers: Development Services, or Build and
Test Services, Software Engineering Methodologies and tools How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control costs,
manage security, or supplement resources during peak use Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the
deployment details from the user using virtualization, Security and privacy are the biggest concerns Cost accounting data , and usage tracking for Multiple
Clouds. “if the utility models were adequate, the challenges to cloud Computing could be solved with electricity-like solutions, but they can not”Brynjolfsson et al, Communications of the ACM, May 2010
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 28
Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 29
Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 30
Challenges of Cloud ComputingModel-Driven Design
Interdisciplinary Development teams:
End-to-End Collaboration &
Change Management
Konstantinou et alpropose an approach and architecture for compositionand deployment of virtual software services in cloud environments.VTDC’09, June 15, 2009, Barcelona, Spain., ACM 978-1-60558-580-2/09/06
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 31
Challenges of Cloud ComputingCloud Management and Control
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 32
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for IaaS
Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications and enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/
Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 33
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support
AbiCloud Supports SaaS
http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 34
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support
enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud
infrastructures across multiple providers http://www.enstratus.com/
enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing management of transactional database applications in clouds like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud.
The main features of enStratus include cloud security and availability management.
ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a virtualization environment that is architected to maximize uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 35
Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS
Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute Utility provides access to a substantial computing resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour.
The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/
Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud.http://www.kaavo.com/home
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 36
OUTLINE
• What is Cloud Computing ?• Examples of Campus Clouds• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?• Challenges of Cloud Computing• Making the case for Campus Clouds• Conclusions
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 37
Making the case for Campus Clouds College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure
of computing resources in computing Labs This infrastructure is under utilized (many students
use laptops and Net Books) Service Providers and Users are in need for
inexpensive computing resources
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 38
Making the case for Campus Clouds
Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating the computing resources of multiple college campuses would provide the following benefits: Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and
businesses Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of
cloud computing Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and
students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud users
Provides stronger ties between academia and industry Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 39
Conclusions Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive
on-demand pay per use computing resources Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing
and utility computing. Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are
needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based Service-Oriented Engineering)
Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of cloud computing users and developers
Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties with Industry, and enhance academic research.
The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 40
خيرا الله وجزاكم