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ETHNOGRAPHIC METHODS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify major ethnographic techniques & what type of information is gained from each technique. 2. Describe ethnographic techniques by identifying specific anthropological examples. 3. Summarize the methods used by anthropologists to study human populations. 4. Identify the anthropological sub-discipline that most commonly employs ethnographic methods.
OUTLINE OF LECTURE•Review of Scientific Method•Ethnography•Techniques•Survey Research•Ethical Issues
SCIENTIFIC METHOD Four basic steps:Ask a questionwhat this question be based off of?
Formulate a hypothesisTest the hypothesisCome to a conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesisAccept hypothesis = theory
FIELDWORK The collection of data ___ _____________________________________________
Ethnographic process - fieldwork
TYPES OF FIELDWORK Single-Sited Fieldwork•__________________
Multi-sited Fieldwork•______________________ ____________________•Movement between _____•Tracing a _____________
____________________________________
EL BARRIOANTHROPOLOGIST: PHILIPPE BOURGOIS
•Award-winning ethno-graphic account of selling crack in El Barrio
•Spanish Harlem – 1995:•Single-sited: ___________________•Multi-sited: ______________________ ________________________________
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
__________________________________________________________________________
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION•Best way to ___________________________
•____________________________
•Allows for mental, emotional and physical contact with the individuals
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
Benefits1.2.
The Hawthorne effect: 1.
OBSERVATION Look at everything:•Housing, interactions, leaders, work, organization, activities…
•Holism
•Obtain data – how is this done?
INTERVIEWS Interviews1.2.
What information can be gained from these types of interviews?
DIALECTIC OF FIELDWORK•Process of building a bridge of understanding •Between anthropologist & informants
•Why is this important for successful fieldwork?
•Example: Komachi, nomadic people in Iran
•__________________And
•__________________
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA
Qualitative•1.
•2.
Quantitative•1.
•2.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FIELDWORK
Social violence
Disease
Culture shock_________________________________ _________________________________
Unlikable subjects
ETHICS AND RESPONSIBILITY IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Why did it come about?
Dangers for the subjects
AAA standard code of ethics____________________________________________