Post on 23-Jun-2015
BAHAN AJARENGLISHGRADE X
by : Esni Singkay, S.Pd
Expressing Thanking
A. When someone gives
you something
- Thanks (a lot).- Thank you very much (followed by):- It’s very nice/ beautiful.- It’s just what I want.- But you really didn’t have to / You- shouldn’t have (if the gift is not expected)
Thanking
Responses- You are welcome.- No problem.- It’s OK/alright.- Don’t mention it.- I’m glad you like it
B. When someone does a favor or helps you
Thanking
- Thanks (a lot) for your help.- Thanks (a lot) for helping me.- I really appreciate your help.- It was very kind of you to help me.
- I’m very grateful to you for your visit.
- I’m very grateful to you for inviting me.
Responses- You are welcome.- No problem.- That’s OK/ alright.- Never mind.- Forget it.- Any time.
- Think nothing of it.- I’m glad I could help.- Don’t mention it.- It was my pleasure/ My
pleasure.- It’s no trouble at all.
D. Apologizing
Here are the expressions used to
apologize and their responses(from the more formal to lessformal expression):
APOLOGYForgive me. I’m terribly sorry about …
Please accept my apology for …Please excuse … (e.g., my cat)I would like to apologize for …I apologize for …I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to …I’m sorry that …Sorry…
RESPONSEThat’s quite all rightI completely understandYou don’t need to apologize.Oh, that’s all right. It can happen toanyone.It’s not your fault.Don’t worry about itIt’s OKNo problem.Forget it
F. Personal Pronoun
To replace someone or thing that we havementioned and we want to use it again, wereplace it into pronoun. form pronoun we canfind the possessive.
The change of person or thing into pronounor possessive are as follow.
Pronoun
Possessive
Poss. Pronoun
Subject Object Poss. Adj.
Person SelviDoniBetaI + Rino
SheHeTheyWeIYou
HerHimThemUsMeYou
Her ...His ...Their ...Our ...My ...Your
HersHisTheirsOursMineYours
Thing A bookBooks
ItShe
ItThey
ItsTheir ...
ItsTheirs
F. Simple Present
Simple present is used to express an action
happened at the time of speaking. The adverb
of time used are: today, at present, on.
Adverb frequency :1. always 5. ever2. usually 6. once, twice3. often 7. seldom/rarely4. sometimes 8. never
1. Present to be: it is nominal sentence (a sentence which doesn’t have verb)
(+) S + To be (am,is,are) + noun/adjective/adverb
(-) S + To be (am,is,are) + not + noun/adjective/adverb
(+) S + To be (am,is,are) +noun/adjective/adverb + ?
2. The Simple Present tense : To BeAFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Full Short Full Short
I am I’m I am not - Am I ?
You are You’re You are not You aren’t Are You?
He is He’s He is not He isn’t Is he?
She is She’s She is not She isn’t Is she?
It is It’s It is not It isn’t Is it?
We are We’re We are not We aren’t Are we?
They are They’re They are not They are’t Are they?
This is This is not This isn’t Is this?
That is That’s That is not That isn’t Is that?
Present to be : its for nominal sentence ( a sentence which doen’t have verb)
+ S + to be + noun/adjective/adverb- S + to be + not + noun/adjective/adverb? To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb + ?Present with verb: it is used for verbal
sentence (a sentence which has verb)+ S + Ves/s + O/adv- S + do/does + not V1 + O/adv? Do does + S + V1 + O/adv ?
Describing Thing and PersonA. Kind of adjectives from
adjective Phrase 1. Opinion - Nice - interesting
- beautiful - handsome- dirty - friendly
2. Size- big - small- large - tall- high - short- deep - thick- tin - etc
3. Age 4. Shape- old - round- new - rectangular-young - square
- cylindrical
5. Colour 6. Origin 7.Material-red - italian -plastic-yellow- Australia - wooden- black - American - leather-blue - Indonesian
- Malaysian - Chinese
The pattern noun modifier Article (a, an, the) + (opinion + size + Age + Shape + colour + origin + material) + nounExample : - it is a beautiful tall
young girl- This is a famous old book
B. Noun showing Time, Day, Date, Month, Year
To show the time we can use the cardinal or ordinal number.
1. Showing Time15’ : a quarter 1’-30’ : past (lebih)30’ : a half 31’-59’ : to (kurang)
Example :
- 10.00 : ten o’clock - 10.15 : a quarter past
ten - 10.30 : a half past ten - 10.50 : ten to eleven
2. Showing Day, Date, Month, Year
Example:- Sunday, May 1st 2008- Saturday, April 2nd 1998
C. Noun1.Noun is devided into
Singular Noun and plural Noun
- The words “singular” means
single or only one. The articles to show
singular nouns are :
a/an/this/that/the and one.
- The world “plural” means more than
one.
The articles to show plural nouns are: many, some, several, these, those, the and number more than one (Two, ten, fifty,.....ets)
a. Singular Nouns :Examples: - a book - this pencil
- one pen - that room - an eraser - the girl etc.
b. Plural nouns: Examples : - some pencils
- several letters - many books
- these novels, etc
2. Some nouns have exceptional forms
- a child → children - a man → men
- a deer → deer - an oxe → oxen - a mouse →mice - a fish → fish- a woman → women
3. Some nouns are concidered plural in English
Examples: - People - scissors- Police - spectacles- pants -
trousers
4. Uncountables nounsSome nouns are uncountable, we can’t count uncountable nouns using number we should use certainmeasurements for uncountable nouns .Example :- ink → a bottle of ink- water → much water- bread → a slice of bread- milk → ten cans of milk, etc
D. Nation, Nationalities and Languages
Nations indicate the country wheresomeone is from, of nation; indicate some
one’s nationality.Languages are indicating someone’sspeaking.Pay attention to this table!
No Country Nationlity Language
1 Brazil Brazilian Spanish
Nederland Holland Dutch
Germany Germany German
Italia Italian Italian
India India Hindi
Indonesia Indonesia Indonesian
Japan Japanese Japanese
China Chinese Chinese
Mexico Mexican Spanish
England English English
Malaysia Malaysian Malaysian
France French French
Spain Spanish Spanish
No
Country Nationality Language
Saudi Arabia Arabian Arabic
Canada Canadian English/French
America American English
Australia Australian English
Singapore Singaporean English
East Timor Timorese Portugues
Russia Russian Russian
E. ProfessionIt’s someone’s job. It has relation with someone’s doing to get money, to earn their living.Example:- A journalist : someone who make a writing report to be a news- A typist : someone who type some letters at the office.- A teacher : Someone who teach the students at school