Post on 30-May-2018
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What is Environmental Engineering?
Engineering
- the application of engineering principles, under constraints
of scientific principles to the planning, design, construction
and operation of structures, equipment and systems for the
benefit of society
Environmental Engineering
- the branch of engineering that is concerned with:
protecting the environment
protecting human populations
improving environmental quality for human health
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gineering Atmosphere
- a mixture of gases extending outward from the
surface of the earth
Hydrosphere
- consists of the oceans, the lakes and streams, andshallow groundwater bodies that interflow
with the surface water
Lithosphere
- the soil that wraps the core of the earth
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The Biosphere
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
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The Impact of Human upon the Environment
Satisfying Natural Needs
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Satisfying Acquired Needs
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The Impact of the Environment upon Humans
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Improvement of Environmental Quality
- are comprehensive plans that usually address a variety
of problems that confront a single area
Environmental Tactics
- the means for achieving the goals set forth in a specific
portion of a given environmental strategies
Environmental Strategies
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Improvement of Environmental Quality
- An Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring
Population of Great Britain 1842 report
Chadwicks engineering solutions included:
Edwin Chadwick penned the sanitary idea as a means of promotingbetter health among the masses
Supplying each dwelling with clean drinking water
Removing wastewater from dwellings and collecting it in a network of pipesApplying collected sewage to agricultural land
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Ladies ProtectiveAssociation founded
1884
Engineering journals
debate single-pipe versusseparate sewer systemdesigned by Col. Waring
United States boasts
598 waterworkssystems. Most sewagesystems dumpuntreated waste intorivers, streams, lakes,harbors.
1880s
Englands River Pollution Act of1876 makes it an offence todischarge sewage into streams
Pasteur experimentswith microbes andvaccines
1860s
For two generations, RoyalCommissioners recommendedpurifying sewage by spreading iton the land
The sanitary questiongains national prominencein England. Miasma theoryguides public opinion
Commuter railroadssmoke and noise beginto appear in Americansuburbs
1850s
Englands National Public HealthAct passes
Englishman WilliamBudd links typhoid feverto water polluted bysewage. New choleraepidemic.
1848-9
American MedicalAssociation founded withintent to conductsanitation surveys
1847
Chadwicks monumental public
health report calls forengineering solutions toenvironmental miasma.Griscoms New York study in1845 reaches similar conclusion.
1842
Government ActivityCitizen groups andprofessional opinion
Science andTechnology
Date
Table 1. The Industrial Revolution and Public Health
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Arden and Lockettdiscover activatedsludge.
1914
Resulted in widespreaddumping of sewage to riversand Pittsburg did not get a
sewage plant until 1959
Hazan and WhippleReport concluded thata new sewage
treatment plant ofrPittsburg served noadvantage from aneconomic and heathstandpoint
1910
Pennsylvania passes law thatforbids cities to dump untreatedsewage.
International Associationfor the Prevention ofSmoke established.
1905-7
3.5 million horses livingin American cities,representing air/waterpollution problems.
1900
Engineer Col. Waring appointedNew Yorks first street-cleaningCommissioner.
Engineers prefer dilutionand filtration/purificationmethods for economicreasons. Physiciansargue for wastewater
treatment.
Chlorine introduced topurify water supplies.
British Commissions give upland spreading of sewage asimpractical; begin to advocatetreatment and dilutionmethods.
Medical communitypitted againstengineering societiesover who should decideissues of public health.
Water closets presentengineers withoverflow, collection,disposal problems.Series of typhoidepidemics occur.
1890s
Government ActivityCitizen groups andprofessional opinion
Science andTechnology
Date
Table 1. The Industrial Revolution and Public Health
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168 excessdeaths
SO2
Nov. 1966New York
4000 excessdeaths
SO2
Dec. 1952London
22 excessdeaths
H2SNov. 1950Poza Rica,
Mexico
20 excessdeaths
SO2
Oct. 1948Donora PA,USA
63 excessdeaths
SO2
Dec. 1930Meuse Valley,Belgium
EffectsPollutants
DateLocation
Table 2. Air Pollution episodes
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gineering The Role of the Environmental Engineer
- amplify and optimize the operations observed in nature
- engineered system for pollution control- knowledgeable in the in the mathematical, physical
and engineering sciences
- build a bridge between biology and technology- must have keen awareness of the natural constrains in
the environment
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Country/City Country/City
Country by countryUS state
US Federal
USEPA
Europe
EU, Brussels
Global
London Law of the Sea, 1962Montreal Protocol, 1987/90
Stockholm Agreement, 1972
Rio Declaration, 1992
Figure 1. Levels of environmental legislation in the European Union and the United States.
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Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Republic Act No. 9003
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
Republic Act No. 8749
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990
Republic Act No. 6969
National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission Act
Republic Act No. 3931
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