Energy

Gymnazium a SOSPg

Pontassievska 3

Znojmo

Czech Republic

Power Stations in the Czech Republic

Coal

Nuclear

Hydro

Solar

Wind

Renewable / Non renewable Resources

Solar

Wind

Hydro

Wave

Tidal

Geothermal

Biomass

Fossil

Nuclear

Energy cycle

SolarThe Sun is 150 million kilometres away, and amazingly powerful.

How it works

solar cells (photovoltaic or photoelectric cells)

solar water heating

solar power station

Solar Power Station

Solar OneBarstow, California

Solar Power Station - principle

Solar Water Heating - principleHeat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on the roof.

Solar Water Heating - principleAnother principle – a system of parabolic mirrors (like a spout).

Solar map of the Czech Republic

Our town is situated in the area with best insolation

WindWe've used the wind as an energy source

for a long time.

How it works

windmill (used in the Middle Ages)

wind generator

Windmill

Historical windmills in the Czech Republic

Wind generator - principle

Sailing shipEnergy from wind

Windsurfing

Huriccane – a destructive power

HydroWe have used running water as an energy source for thousands of years, mainly to grind corn.

How it works

watermill (used in the Middle Ages)

hydraulic power plant

Watermill

Historical watermill in Slup, near Znojmo

Make your watermillWhat you need:

How to do:

Hydraulic power plantA dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.

Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.

The most important series of dams in the Czech Republic is called the Vltava Cascade, consisting of nine water works: Lipno I, Lipno II, Hnevkovice, Korensko, Orlik, Kamyk, Slapy, Stechovice and Vrane.

1900 MW in total Slapy

Vltava river

Built in 1954 - 1961

- 720 millions m3 of water

- 4x91 MW

Czech Water Power Plant "Orlik"

Lipno – hydro power plant

Vranov hydro power plant – 25 km far from our town

The biggest hydro power in the world

Itaipu, Parana river, Brasil / Paraquay, 12600 MW

WaveHow it works

the waves arriving cause the water in the chamber to rise and fall

Wave Power Station

The Limpet’s design makes it easy to build and install. Its low profile gives low visibility, so it doesn’t intrude on coastal landscapes or views.

A company called Wavegen now operate a commercial wave power station called "Limpet“.

The island of Islay, Scotland’s west coast

Wave Power Station

A company called Ocean Power Delivery are developing a method of offshore wave energy collection, using a floating tube called "Pelamis".

TidalTidal power - energy from the sea

The movement of the sea could be a huge energy source, but only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.

These work rather like a hydro-electric scheme, except that the dam is much bigger.

How it works

Tidal barrages

Tidal power station – example 1

Swanturbines

Instead of wind driving the rotor, a tidal stream turbine uses water.

Swanturbines is a consortium of 9 partners led by Swanturbines Ltd.

Swansea, Wales, UK

Tidal power station – example 2vertical-axis turbines

Tidal power station – example 3Another option is to use offshore turbines, rather like an underwater wind farm.

Geothermal energy

Diagram shows Icelandic geothermal power station takes advantage of heat from magna chamber relatively close to the surface.

Iceland

Iceland

Hot water pipeline runs for 17 kms from geothermal plantto Reykjavik. Water provides most of city’s space heating needs.

GeothermalHow it works

Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam.

Biomass

Wood was once our main fuel. We burned it to heat our homes and cook our food.

"Bioconversion" uses plant and animal wastes to produce fuels such as methanol, natural gas, and oil.

We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes.

energy from organic materials

Bioenergy Cycle

Bioenergy Cycle

Type of Biomass - Corn

http://www.geo.msu.edu/geo333/corn.html

Type of Biomass - Soybeans

http://agproducts.unl.edu/

Type of Biomass - Sorghum

http://www.okfarmbureau.org/press_pass/galleries/grainSorghum/

Type of Biomass - Sugar Cane Bagasse

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Type of Biomass - Switchgrass

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Type of Biomass - Hybrid Poplar

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Type of Biomass - Corn Stover

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Type of Biomass - Wood Chips & Sawdust

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html http://www.energytrust.org/RR/bio/

Type of Biomass - Tracy Biomass Plant

Truck unloading wood chips that will fuel the Tracy Biomass Plant, Tracy, California.

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biomass/biomass.html

Type of Biomass - Municipal Solid Waste

http://www.eeingeorgia.org/eic/images/landfill.jpg

Biomass Direct Combustion

Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)

Integrated Waste Plant

Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)

Biomass Gasifier

• 200 tons of wood chips daily

• Forest thinnings; wood pallets

• Converted to gas• Combined cycle gas

turbine• 8MW power output

McNeil Generating Station biomass gasifier – 8MW

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Biodiesel Bus

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html

Fossil Fuel EnergyHow it works:

Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt.

Oil and gas can be burnt directly.

BurnFuel

heat waterto makesteam

steam turnsturbines

turbines turn generators

electrical powersent aroundcountry

Fossil Fuel EnergyGeothermal Energy

Hot waterstorage

Waterpenetratesdownthroughtherock

Mined coal

Pipeline

Pump

Oil well

Gas well

Oil storage

CoalOil and Natural Gas

Contourstrip mining

PipelineDrillingtower

Magma

Hot rock

Natural gasOil

Impervious rock

Water Water

Oil drillingplatformon legs

Floating oil drillingplatform

Valves

Undergroundcoal mine

Water is heatedand brought upas dry steam or

wet steam

Area stripmining

Geothermalpower plant

Coal seam

Coal mining

Coal Power Station

Melnik, Czech Republic

Oil

Gas or water is injected back into the reservoir usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production.

Crude-oil production

A hole bored into the earth

Crude-oil production Deep Sea Exploration

Oil Power Station

Gas pipelines in Europe

Gas pipelines in the Czech Republic

Plynovod

see:

Hostim (15km from Znojmo)

Gas Power Station

Nuclear Energy

Nuclearfissionmakesheat

heat waterto makesteam

steam turnsturbines

turbines turn generators

electrical powersent aroundcountry

Nuclear Power Station - principle

Reactor - separated cooling circuits

Nuclear Power Station - principle

Nuclear power station Dukovany, 35 km from Znojmo

Nuclear Energywhat to do with spent uranium

WATERWATER

MINERALMINERAL

BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALPlant DiversityPlant Diversity

ENERGY FLOWENERGY FLOW

BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALSoil OrganismSoil OrganismDiversityDiversity

SUNSUNCloudsClouds

The Cycle WaterThe Cycle Water

Energy Cycle in Living Things

END

Gymnazium a SOSPg, Pontassievska 3

Znojmo

Czech Republic

Main resources:

http://www.energyweb.cz

http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/index.htm