Post on 03-Apr-2018
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ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENTSYSTEM
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How was the world a long time ago?
ENVIRONMENT
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How is the world today?ENVIRONMENT
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Environment:
Surrounding in which an organization operates.Includes
air,water,land,
natural resources,flora and fauna,
human beings and their interrelationship
Environmental Pollution:
The adverse impact resulting from an
organizations activities that create change to the
environment.
Environment and Pollution
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1.Air pollution.
2. Water pollution.
3. Noise pollution.
4. Land contamination.
Types of Environmental Pollution
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AIR POLLUTION
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Atmosphere is a reservoir of several elements and
compounds that sustains life on the planet earth.
Atmosphere mainly consists of Nitrogen (78%),
Oxygen (21%), Argon (1%), and other minor
constituents like Carbon-di-oxide, Neon, Hydrogen,
ozone, water vapour etc.
AIR
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Phenomenon: Imbalance in air quality
Cause:Presence of foreign substances
Source: Natural and anthropogenic sources
AIR POLLUTION
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Total Suspended Particulate Matter
Oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur
Carbon monoxide and dioxide
Hydrocarbons
Metal Contaminants
Human Beings: Eye irritation,allergy,Asthma,Lung cancer
etc, Plants: Suppressed Natural growth and decreased yield.
Deleterious effects on animals
Damage to materials
Harmful Air pollutants
Impacts of air pollution
AIR POLLUTION
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In Delhi 3,000 metric tones of pollutants belched out everyday,
close to two-third (66%)is from vehicles.
65 per cent of the people in Delhi are estimated to suffer from
morning cough and other respiratory symptoms.
In Delhi one out of every 10 school children suffers from asthma
due to vehicular pollution.
Thermal power plants contribute approximately 13% of air
pollution.
The main pollutants from thermal power plant are stack emissions,fly ash generation and fugitive emission in coal handling
AIR POLLUTION
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Water Resource
MarinewaterResource
(97%)
Fresh waterResource (3%)
Glaciers & Ice caps
(75%)
Ground water sources
(24.567%)
Surface water
(0.33%)
Hydrosphere (water) constitutes about 75% of the earth's surface in
various forms. Water is called as a "universal solvent" as it is capable ofdissolving more substances than any other liquid, and also possesses
few unique properties, which no other solvents exhibit. Hence water is
utilized extensively in all our activities leading to contamination of this
resource. Though, the water resource can be termed as renewable
resource, improper utilization and also few destructive activities of man
can make water a finite resource.
WATER
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WATER POLLUTION
Phenomenon: Degradation of water quality
Cause:Presence of substances that constitute
hazard or impair its usefulness
Source: Natural and anthropogenic sources
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Harmful Water pollutants
Organic matter and microorganisms Heavy metals and chemical substances
Nitrates, phosphates,chlorides,sulphates
Insecticides and pesticides
Impacts of water pollution
Health hazards: Cholera, Gastroenteritis,Jaundice,
Malaria etc.,
Decreased potability of waterRetarded growth and yield of crops
Effect on structure and Function of aquatic ecosystem
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In India 70% of water resource is already contaminated
by biological, toxic organic and inorganic pollutants.
It is estimated that 75% to 80% of water pollution by
volume is caused by domestic sewage.
The industrial sector only accounts for 3% of the annual
water withdrawals in India
Wastewater generation from this sector has been
estimated at 55,000 million m3 per day, of which 68.5million m3 are dumped directly into local rivers and
streams without prior treatment
Present scenario
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The major industries causing water pollution include:
distilleries, sugar, textile, electroplating, pesticides,pharmaceuticals, pulp & paper mills, tanneries, dyes
and dye intermediates, petro-chemicals, steel plants
etc
The rapid increase in agro-chemical use in the past
five decades,causing both surface and ground water
pollution.
More than 1.5m children under five die each year
because they lack access to safe water and proper
sanitation
Present scenario
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"Minamata Disease".
Minamata is a small factory town,located in Kumamoto Japan.
Manufacture of fertilizers,carbacile,plastics, drugs, and
perfumes through the use of a chemical called acetaldehyde(acetaldehyde is produced using mercury as a compound)in
1932, started dumping an estimated 27 tons of mercury
compounds into Minamata Bay From 1932 to 1968, thousands
of people whose normal diet included fish from the bay,
unexpectedly developed symptoms of methyl mercurypoisoning.
Mid-1950's people begin to notice a strange disease,
(Minamata Disease)
Speech became slurred, and their vision constricted. Some people had serious brain damage.
Some victims were began to uncontrollably shout.
Birds were strangely dropping from the sky etc.
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NOISE POLLUTION
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NOISE POLLUTION
Phenomenon: Discomfort or Nuisance
Cause: Undesirable sound
Source: Anthropogenic sources
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LAND CONTAMINATION
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LAND CONTAMINATION
Phenomenon: Degradation of fertile landsCause : Presence of foreign substances
Sources: Anthropogenic sources
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CASE STUDY
The Dungarpur district of Rajasthan, one of the worstdrought affected districts in the country has lost most
of its grain producing capacity. Many local people,
who twenty to thirty years ago, used to be self
sufficient in maize and wheat, now eat Australianwheat which they receive through the government
drought relief programs. The people state that this
wheat is less nutritive than the local grains they used
to produce earlier.
LAND CONTAMINATION
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GLOBALENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Global Impacts of Environmental pollution:
1. Global warming
2. Acid rain
3. Ozone depletion
4. Desertification
5. Deforestation
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Warming up of the earth's surface due to blanketing effect caused
by the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere is known as"global warming". This phenomenon is termed as "green house
gas effect"..
GLOBAL WARMING
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GLOBAL WARMINGPhenomenon: Progressive warming up of
the earth's surface
Cause: Blanketing effect by Green House
Gases
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Green house gases:1. Carbon-dioxide.
2. Methane.
3. Nitrous oxide.4. CFCs
Sources of GHG Emissions are:
Fossil fuel based Power Plants,
Emissions from automobiles,
Emissions from Industrial activities,
Burning of Fossil fuels and Hydrocarbons.
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India-Glaciers in the Himalayas are retreating at an average rate
of 50 feet (15 m) per year At this rate scientists predict the loss ofall central and eastern Himalayan glaciers by 2035.
Southern India:Heat wave, May 2002. In the state of Andhra
Pradesh temperatures rose to 120 F, resulting in the highest one-
week death toll on record.
Llasa, Tibet - Warmest June on record, 1998. Temperatures hovered
above 77F for 23 days.
Tien Shan Mountains, China - Glacial ice reduced by one quarter
in the past 40 years.
Global Warming in Asia:
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Taiwan - The average temperature for the island has risen 1.8-2.5F
(1-1.4C) in the last 100 years. The average temperature for 2000 wasthe warmest on record.
Korea -Severe flooding struck during July and August, 1998, with
daily rainfall totals exceeding 10 inches (25.4 cm).
Pakistan - Longest drought on record, 1999-2001
Tajikistan - Lowest rainfall in 75 years, 2001
Korea - Worst drought in 100 years of record, 2001.
Global Warming in Asia:
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Reduce consumption of fossil fuel based energy
Improve efficiency in fossil fuel based energy
production
Reduction of GHG emissions from automobiles and
industrial activities
Promote Renewable energy production
technologies
Reduction in deforestation and increase of
afforestation Programmes
Abatement strategies to reduce GHG Emissions:
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ACID RAIN
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Phenomenon:Fall in pH level of rainwater below 5.6
ACID RAIN
Cause: Formation of sulphuric acid and nitric acid due to
reaction between air pollutants and rainwater.
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1.Sulphur dioxide2. Carbon dioxide3. Nitrous oxide
Gases causing acid rain:
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Trees:Acid rain can make trees lose their leaves or needles, The
needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off.Trees can also suffer from stunted growth; and have damaged
bark and leaves, which makes them vulnerable to weather,
disease, and insects.
Lakes:Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is high
Also, birds can die from eating "toxic" fish and insects.
Architecture:Acid rain can damage buildings, stained glass,railroad lines, airplanes, cars, steel bridges, and underground
pipes
Human:Many can find it difficult to breathe, especially peoplewho have asthma. Asthma, along with dry coughs, headaches, and
throat irritations can be caused by the sulfur dioxides and
nitrogen oxides from acid rain.
Effects of Acid rain
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ACID RAIN
Taj Mahal is one of the 7 wonders of the world.The beauty of this is decreasing due to a brick
industry (Mathura Industry) which is situated near
Taj Mahal. The industry emits gases like oxides of
Nitrogen and Sulphur which in turn combines with
rain water causing acid rain. This rain being acidicreacts with marble and yellow colour patches are
formed
Case Study
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OZONEDEPLETION
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OZONE DEPLETION
Su
nUV Rays
Normal Light rays
Ozone :Protective layer against UV rays.
Ozone Depletion: Formation of holes due to
depletion of molecules
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Ozone is present in the stratosphere. The stratosphere reaches
30 miles above the Earth, and at the very top it contains ozone.
Ozone is a bluish gas that is formed by three atoms of oxygen.
The ozone layer protects the Earth from the ultraviolet rays
sent down by the sun.
The fact that the ozone layer was being depleted was
discovered in the mid-1980s.
OZONE LAYER
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The main cause of this is the release of CFCs,
chlorofluorocarbons. Freon, Halon and CCl4
CFCs would remain in the stratosphere for another 100 years
even if none were ever produced again.
A single chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 molecules of
ozone
Antarctica was an early victim of ozone destruction.
Total recovery may occur as early as 2050, but could be
delayed as long as 2100.
Causes
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Every time even a small amount of the ozone layer is lost, more
ultraviolet light from the sun can reach the Earth.
The EPA estimates that 60 million Americans born by the year
2075 will get skin cancer because of ozone depletion. About one
million of these people will die
In addition to cancer, some research shows that a decreased
ozone layer will increase rates of malaria and other infectious
diseases. According to the EPA, 17 million more cases of
cataracts can also be expected
The life cycles of plants will change, disrupting the food chain.Effects on animals will also be severe
Effects of Ozone Depletion
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From September 21-30, 2006 the average area of the
ozone hole was the largest ever observed, at 10.6million square miles (27.5 million square kilometres).
Image of the largest Antarctic ozone hole ever recorded in September 2006.
Ozone Depletion At Present
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Ozone Depletion From 1979-2001
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DESERTIFICATION
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DESERTIFICATION
Desertification: Is a processwhereby the productivity of
drought- prone land decreases.
Causes:Deforestation,
Over cultivation,
Drought,
Overgrazing (poor rangeland
management),
Poor irrigation (waterlogging
and salinization),Soil erosion,
Chemical action and other
practices.
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Approximately 54 million sq.km or 40% of the land area can be
classified as drylands in the world. Regions wise, Africa is
relatively driest of the continents.
Desertification affects more than 1,341 mha of productive land
in Asia.
Land degradation (including desertification in drylands) is
estimated to affect at least one-third of the 328 mha
geographical area in India.
Present Scenario
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DEFORESTATION
DEFORESTATION
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DEFORESTATION
Deforestation :The action or process of clearing
forests
Contributing Factors:
1.Population explosion
2. Timber and fuel wood usage
3. Agricultural land Expansion
4. Enhanced cattle grazing
5. Construction of dams,
highways, etc.
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As per the Forest Survey of India assessment in 1997, India's
total notified forest area is 76.5 million hectares.
Estimated forest cover, as per (MoEF 1999) is only 63.3 million
hectares
50,000 species of plants and animals become extinct every year
2.47 acres of forests, or about 2 football fields, are cleared every
single second.
That's equal to 78 million acres of trees disappearing from
Earth's surface every year
Present Scenario
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