EMS Aware Trg

7/28/2019 EMS Aware Trg

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ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENTSYSTEM


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How was the world a long time ago?

ENVIRONMENT


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How is the world today?ENVIRONMENT


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Environment:

Surrounding in which an organization operates.Includes

air,water,land,

natural resources,flora and fauna,

human beings and their interrelationship

Environmental Pollution:

The adverse impact resulting from an

organizations activities that create change to the

environment.

Environment and Pollution


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1.Air pollution.

2. Water pollution.

3. Noise pollution.

4. Land contamination.

Types of Environmental Pollution


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AIR POLLUTION


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Atmosphere is a reservoir of several elements and

compounds that sustains life on the planet earth.

Atmosphere mainly consists of Nitrogen (78%),

Oxygen (21%), Argon (1%), and other minor

constituents like Carbon-di-oxide, Neon, Hydrogen,

ozone, water vapour etc.

AIR


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Phenomenon: Imbalance in air quality

Cause:Presence of foreign substances

Source: Natural and anthropogenic sources

AIR POLLUTION


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Total Suspended Particulate Matter

Oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur

Carbon monoxide and dioxide

Hydrocarbons

Metal Contaminants

Human Beings: Eye irritation,allergy,Asthma,Lung cancer

etc, Plants: Suppressed Natural growth and decreased yield.

Deleterious effects on animals

Damage to materials

Harmful Air pollutants

Impacts of air pollution

AIR POLLUTION


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In Delhi 3,000 metric tones of pollutants belched out everyday,

close to two-third (66%)is from vehicles.

65 per cent of the people in Delhi are estimated to suffer from

morning cough and other respiratory symptoms.

In Delhi one out of every 10 school children suffers from asthma

due to vehicular pollution.

Thermal power plants contribute approximately 13% of air

pollution.

The main pollutants from thermal power plant are stack emissions,fly ash generation and fugitive emission in coal handling

AIR POLLUTION


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Water Resource

MarinewaterResource

(97%)

Fresh waterResource (3%)

Glaciers & Ice caps

(75%)

Ground water sources

(24.567%)

Surface water

(0.33%)

Hydrosphere (water) constitutes about 75% of the earth's surface in

various forms. Water is called as a "universal solvent" as it is capable ofdissolving more substances than any other liquid, and also possesses

few unique properties, which no other solvents exhibit. Hence water is

utilized extensively in all our activities leading to contamination of this

resource. Though, the water resource can be termed as renewable

resource, improper utilization and also few destructive activities of man

can make water a finite resource.

WATER


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WATER POLLUTION

Phenomenon: Degradation of water quality

Cause:Presence of substances that constitute

hazard or impair its usefulness

Source: Natural and anthropogenic sources


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Harmful Water pollutants

Organic matter and microorganisms Heavy metals and chemical substances

Nitrates, phosphates,chlorides,sulphates

Insecticides and pesticides

Impacts of water pollution

Health hazards: Cholera, Gastroenteritis,Jaundice,

Malaria etc.,

Decreased potability of waterRetarded growth and yield of crops

Effect on structure and Function of aquatic ecosystem


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In India 70% of water resource is already contaminated

by biological, toxic organic and inorganic pollutants.

It is estimated that 75% to 80% of water pollution by

volume is caused by domestic sewage.

The industrial sector only accounts for 3% of the annual

water withdrawals in India

Wastewater generation from this sector has been

estimated at 55,000 million m3 per day, of which 68.5million m3 are dumped directly into local rivers and

streams without prior treatment

Present scenario


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The major industries causing water pollution include:

distilleries, sugar, textile, electroplating, pesticides,pharmaceuticals, pulp & paper mills, tanneries, dyes

and dye intermediates, petro-chemicals, steel plants

etc

The rapid increase in agro-chemical use in the past

five decades,causing both surface and ground water

pollution.

More than 1.5m children under five die each year

because they lack access to safe water and proper

sanitation

Present scenario


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"Minamata Disease".

Minamata is a small factory town,located in Kumamoto Japan.

Manufacture of fertilizers,carbacile,plastics, drugs, and

perfumes through the use of a chemical called acetaldehyde(acetaldehyde is produced using mercury as a compound)in

1932, started dumping an estimated 27 tons of mercury

compounds into Minamata Bay From 1932 to 1968, thousands

of people whose normal diet included fish from the bay,

unexpectedly developed symptoms of methyl mercurypoisoning.

Mid-1950's people begin to notice a strange disease,

(Minamata Disease)

Speech became slurred, and their vision constricted. Some people had serious brain damage.

Some victims were began to uncontrollably shout.

Birds were strangely dropping from the sky etc.


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NOISE POLLUTION


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NOISE POLLUTION

Phenomenon: Discomfort or Nuisance

Cause: Undesirable sound

Source: Anthropogenic sources


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LAND CONTAMINATION


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LAND CONTAMINATION

Phenomenon: Degradation of fertile landsCause : Presence of foreign substances

Sources: Anthropogenic sources


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CASE STUDY

The Dungarpur district of Rajasthan, one of the worstdrought affected districts in the country has lost most

of its grain producing capacity. Many local people,

who twenty to thirty years ago, used to be self

sufficient in maize and wheat, now eat Australianwheat which they receive through the government

drought relief programs. The people state that this

wheat is less nutritive than the local grains they used

to produce earlier.

LAND CONTAMINATION


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GLOBALENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES


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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Global Impacts of Environmental pollution:

1. Global warming

2. Acid rain

3. Ozone depletion

4. Desertification

5. Deforestation


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Warming up of the earth's surface due to blanketing effect caused

by the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere is known as"global warming". This phenomenon is termed as "green house

gas effect"..

GLOBAL WARMING


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GLOBAL WARMINGPhenomenon: Progressive warming up of

the earth's surface

Cause: Blanketing effect by Green House

Gases


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Green house gases:1. Carbon-dioxide.

2. Methane.

3. Nitrous oxide.4. CFCs

Sources of GHG Emissions are:

Fossil fuel based Power Plants,

Emissions from automobiles,

Emissions from Industrial activities,

Burning of Fossil fuels and Hydrocarbons.


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India-Glaciers in the Himalayas are retreating at an average rate

of 50 feet (15 m) per year At this rate scientists predict the loss ofall central and eastern Himalayan glaciers by 2035.

Southern India:Heat wave, May 2002. In the state of Andhra

Pradesh temperatures rose to 120 F, resulting in the highest one-

week death toll on record.

Llasa, Tibet - Warmest June on record, 1998. Temperatures hovered

above 77F for 23 days.

Tien Shan Mountains, China - Glacial ice reduced by one quarter

in the past 40 years.

Global Warming in Asia:


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Taiwan - The average temperature for the island has risen 1.8-2.5F

(1-1.4C) in the last 100 years. The average temperature for 2000 wasthe warmest on record.

Korea -Severe flooding struck during July and August, 1998, with

daily rainfall totals exceeding 10 inches (25.4 cm).

Pakistan - Longest drought on record, 1999-2001

Tajikistan - Lowest rainfall in 75 years, 2001

Korea - Worst drought in 100 years of record, 2001.

Global Warming in Asia:


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Reduce consumption of fossil fuel based energy

Improve efficiency in fossil fuel based energy

production

Reduction of GHG emissions from automobiles and

industrial activities

Promote Renewable energy production

technologies

Reduction in deforestation and increase of

afforestation Programmes

Abatement strategies to reduce GHG Emissions:


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ACID RAIN


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Phenomenon:Fall in pH level of rainwater below 5.6

ACID RAIN

Cause: Formation of sulphuric acid and nitric acid due to

reaction between air pollutants and rainwater.


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1.Sulphur dioxide2. Carbon dioxide3. Nitrous oxide

Gases causing acid rain:


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Trees:Acid rain can make trees lose their leaves or needles, The

needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off.Trees can also suffer from stunted growth; and have damaged

bark and leaves, which makes them vulnerable to weather,

disease, and insects.

Lakes:Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is high

Also, birds can die from eating "toxic" fish and insects.

Architecture:Acid rain can damage buildings, stained glass,railroad lines, airplanes, cars, steel bridges, and underground

pipes

Human:Many can find it difficult to breathe, especially peoplewho have asthma. Asthma, along with dry coughs, headaches, and

throat irritations can be caused by the sulfur dioxides and

nitrogen oxides from acid rain.

Effects of Acid rain


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ACID RAIN

Taj Mahal is one of the 7 wonders of the world.The beauty of this is decreasing due to a brick

industry (Mathura Industry) which is situated near

Taj Mahal. The industry emits gases like oxides of

Nitrogen and Sulphur which in turn combines with

rain water causing acid rain. This rain being acidicreacts with marble and yellow colour patches are

formed

Case Study


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OZONEDEPLETION


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OZONE DEPLETION

Su

nUV Rays

Normal Light rays

Ozone :Protective layer against UV rays.

Ozone Depletion: Formation of holes due to

depletion of molecules


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Ozone is present in the stratosphere. The stratosphere reaches

30 miles above the Earth, and at the very top it contains ozone.

Ozone is a bluish gas that is formed by three atoms of oxygen.

The ozone layer protects the Earth from the ultraviolet rays

sent down by the sun.

The fact that the ozone layer was being depleted was

discovered in the mid-1980s.

OZONE LAYER


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The main cause of this is the release of CFCs,

chlorofluorocarbons. Freon, Halon and CCl4

CFCs would remain in the stratosphere for another 100 years

even if none were ever produced again.

A single chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 molecules of

ozone

Antarctica was an early victim of ozone destruction.

Total recovery may occur as early as 2050, but could be

delayed as long as 2100.

Causes


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Every time even a small amount of the ozone layer is lost, more

ultraviolet light from the sun can reach the Earth.

The EPA estimates that 60 million Americans born by the year

2075 will get skin cancer because of ozone depletion. About one

million of these people will die

In addition to cancer, some research shows that a decreased

ozone layer will increase rates of malaria and other infectious

diseases. According to the EPA, 17 million more cases of

cataracts can also be expected

The life cycles of plants will change, disrupting the food chain.Effects on animals will also be severe

Effects of Ozone Depletion


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From September 21-30, 2006 the average area of the

ozone hole was the largest ever observed, at 10.6million square miles (27.5 million square kilometres).

Image of the largest Antarctic ozone hole ever recorded in September 2006.

Ozone Depletion At Present


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Ozone Depletion From 1979-2001


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DESERTIFICATION


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DESERTIFICATION

Desertification: Is a processwhereby the productivity of

drought- prone land decreases.

Causes:Deforestation,

Over cultivation,

Drought,

Overgrazing (poor rangeland

management),

Poor irrigation (waterlogging

and salinization),Soil erosion,

Chemical action and other

practices.


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Approximately 54 million sq.km or 40% of the land area can be

classified as drylands in the world. Regions wise, Africa is

relatively driest of the continents.

Desertification affects more than 1,341 mha of productive land

in Asia.

Land degradation (including desertification in drylands) is

estimated to affect at least one-third of the 328 mha

geographical area in India.

Present Scenario


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DEFORESTATION

DEFORESTATION


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DEFORESTATION

Deforestation :The action or process of clearing

forests

Contributing Factors:

1.Population explosion

2. Timber and fuel wood usage

3. Agricultural land Expansion

4. Enhanced cattle grazing

5. Construction of dams,

highways, etc.


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As per the Forest Survey of India assessment in 1997, India's

total notified forest area is 76.5 million hectares.

Estimated forest cover, as per (MoEF 1999) is only 63.3 million

hectares

50,000 species of plants and animals become extinct every year

2.47 acres of forests, or about 2 football fields, are cleared every

single second.

That's equal to 78 million acres of trees disappearing from

Earth's surface every year

Present Scenario


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