Post on 06-May-2015
description
CIASTD Presentation
The e-Learning Balancing Act: Good ID vs Efficient
Development
Presented by Bottom-Line Performance, Inc
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From presentation made by Anders Gronstedt, The Grondstedt GroupCIASTD Presentation 2
CIASTD Presentation
Who are you?
One-person shop who designs and develops e-Learning?
Part of a team where responsibilities are divvied up between IDers and developer/programmers?
Managers responsible for e-learning and/or other kinds of training?
Learners who have participated in e-learning?
Novice – just trying to learn everything?3
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What you should leave with today:
Clarity on cognitive learning theory and how it should affect decisions you make about e-learning design.
A list of efficient, research-based ways to help learners “Get it in. Get it integrated. Get it back out on the job.”
Tips for how to balance good ID against the ever-present goal to do it faster and cheaper – what you need to start, stop, or continue with your e-learning efforts.
p. 2 handout 4
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What’s true for you?
p. 3 handout
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What’s true for you?
Pick ONE of the statements that sparks greatest curiosity/interest in you.
Share the statement – along with why it intrigues you – with table group.
As a TABLE, agree on one statement you want to learn more about.
Select spokesperson to share table’s choice.
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Okay – What’s Cognitive Learning Theory?
I can only handle so
much!!!!
Effective instruction manages cognitive load…and avoids OVERLOAD
p. 4 handout 7
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These guys are taking an e-course
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Product A is better than Product B…
Here’s what’s happening
Step 2. Information travels to working memory. “Schema” presented as part of instruction HUGE in whether we move onto Step 3.
Step 1. Information enters eyes and ears. It’s briefly stored in visual and auditory sensory memory.
Step 3. Working memory tries to integrate new info with what’s stored.
Encoding
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Role of metacognition
Product A is better tha nProduct B…
Encoding
• “Metacognition” refers to thinking skills – ability to set learning goals, plan our learning, and monitor our own learning.
• It hugely influences how easily we learn.
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Later….back on the job
RetrievalStep 4. Learner attempts to retrieve information from long-term memory into working memory…if he recognizes job cues that call for information to be used.
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Learning E
fficiency
What’s it got to do with e-learning?
We can INCREASE learning efficiency if we incorporate principles that avoid cognitive overload and leverage things that enhance encoding and retrieval.
Learning Efficiency
We actually DEPRESS learning when we ignore principles related to cognitive learning theory.
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9 Principles to Enhance Learning Efficiency
pp.5-8 handout
6 principles to enhance presentation of content3 principles related to practice/feedback
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1. Use both words and visuals
Use BOTH words and images…but don’t just “decorate” a page.
Words
+Pictures
The four-part risk management process is blah, blah, blah, yada, yada, yada.
This example is a graphical organizer of a process…simple, but more useful that four bullet points.
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Example 2: Illustrating a concept
How do you illustrate “stress?”
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Example 2: Illustrating a concept
How do you illustrate “stress?”
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2. Integrate the text with the visual
This diagram is not referred to in text below.
These aren’t shown!
I see a picture up here…and further down I get a list of parts with no linkage to photo.
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A good example – multimedia and contiguity
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Another good example
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What about this one?
Page 6 of handouts
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3. Use audio to explain graphics
It’s more efficient (less of a cognitive load) for people to hear a narrator describe a graphic than it is to have to study the graphic and read accompanying text.
Watch – and listen - to this FABULOUS vodcast from Common Craft, a Seattle-based company that does
vodcasts
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4. Avoid redundancy with audio and text
+The four-part risk management process is blah, blah, blah, yada, yada, yada.
Narration Visual Text+ = NO!
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5. Get rid of extraneous stuff
Stick to the essentials ONLY. Use simplest words you can and keep things SHORT.
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What do you think is essential?
Instructional Goal: Personal bankers use Bank Wonderful’s customer service practices in each customer transaction they complete.
• History of Bank Wonderful’s customer service practices?
• Stories of how customers respond to good/bad service?
• Statistics about increased sales with use of practices?
• Other?
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How does coherence principle link to….
Role of emotion in learning? 7 +/- 2 Primacy, Recency,
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What will you remember?
Multimedia principle, Modality principle, snow, Contiguity principle, Coherence principle, Personalization principle, New York Giants , Eli Manning, visuals, text, audio, relevant, coffee, juice, muffins, fruit, learning agent, worked examples, job cues, learning efficiency, auditory channel, visual channel, encoding, integration, Redundancy principle
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6. Personalization Principle
Explain it in an e-course the way you’d explain it to a friend:– Use 1st or 2nd person
language.– Use active voice. (“we” and
“you” as opposed to Incorporate learning agents
as guides
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Meet Ken Michaels
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7. Make practice relevant & sufficient
Just say NO to simple
recall activities!
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7. Make practice relevant & sufficient
Instead of:– Drag the missing pieces of this sketch into place. When you’re done, click
Check Answer.
How about….– Now let’s try using a sketch to communicate with a customer. Click
CUSTOMER WANTS to get an example of an opening a customer might request. Use the images on the right hand side of the screen to sketch out that opening for your customer.
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8. Use worked examples
Instead of….– You have three locks that each require .3 mA. Figure
out whether a 1A power supply is sufficient to support them.
Can a 1A power supply support three locks that each require .300 mA? Let’s see:
• .300 mA x 3 locks = .900 mA.• .900 mA is less than 1A
Yes, a 1A power supply will power these three locks!
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9. Intersperse examples and practice
Is this the only place you have practice? If so, you’ve really burdened your learner!
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A word about styles
Les Howles, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Research DOES show correlation here: 1) Prior knowledge, experience, 2) Task confidence, 3) Motivation, 4) Aptitude
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…And Control
What we want
What we may need
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Programming Tips
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Some “quick” hits
Embrace audio…equipment is cheap to buy and easy to learn to use.
Use less text; more visuals and simple animations. Create re-usable learning objects. Program them once;
use them again and again. Combine Flash and XML – you can re-use the Flash
interface and pull in content from XML files. Create re-usable interfaces. Think through once; use
again and again with different “skins.”
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How could you re-use this idea?
http://www.nytimes.com/ref/business/20070715_GILDED_GRAPHIC.html#CIASTD Presentation 37
How could you re-use this idea?
Course created for local medical device mfr, 2007
External XML files are pulled into here
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Or this one?
From Bill Horton’s web site: www.horton.comCIASTD Presentation 39
How’s this for more visual/less text?
From http://discovery.mnhs.org/connectingmn/CIASTD Presentation 40
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Research Summary from Clark’s book
Principle % Gain
Use graphics and text (Multimedia) 89
Avoid extraneous stuff (Coherence) 82
Use audio to explain graphics (Modality) 80
Avoid redundant audio and text (Redundancy) 79
Integrate text with visuals (Contiguity) 68
Personalize tone; use agents (Personalization) 67
Adapted from p. 273, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction (2003 edition)
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Decision Matrix – Applying Guidelines
Look at Page 13 AND the decision matrix on pp. 11 and 12 of your handouts.
Based on your assigned scenario, brainstorm a list of features/attributes you want to include in your course. Feel free to storyboard if you have time.
You get a whopping 5 minutes to do this! The goal is to talk with each other – we won’t share as a big group ‘cause we won’t have time!
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