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Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
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Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013. ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034
79
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning
implementation model based on View controller design pattern
paradigm
Kamal Dhull
Research Scholar
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Pacific University, Udaipur
Abstract
The education sector is one of the cornerstones of socio-economic development. It is widely accepted
that education contributes to poverty reduction and increased economic growth, which in turn leads to
an improved standard of living. It also enables the individual to participate in wealth generating
activities, leads to the creation of employment, and the overall development of society. In our
proposed model a significant proportion of e-Learning services are delivered through Cloud
Computing. Those e-Learning units that have determined to adopt cloud computing need to take the
time and effort to design a cloud computing strategy along with a plan that will work best for their
own needs. In case of distance learning administrators and practitioners must be diligent about
protecting institutional data and must sharpen their contract writing skills with cloud service
providers. These use Web services as an interface integrator to support communication across
heterogeneous platforms over internet protocols. Similarly, a high level of task collaboration is needed
to form an e-Learning community. Therefore, we propose an e-Learning Model with Cloud (eLC)
based on the Model- View-Controller design patterns paradigm. The reusable task objects collaborate
in a Model that is wrapped inside the reconfigurable Controller which transforms the request/response
parameters of the end user View to that of the Model. The eLC offers software development platform
for e-Learning Task Management. The main deliverable of eLC is a Task as a Service which is
decoupled from View as well as user session maintenance. It is directly exposed to external the e-
Learning Cloud (eLC) for scalability.
Index Terms: Cloud Computing, e-Learning Cloud (eLC), Strategies, Framework, Scalability,
Application Programming Interfaces (API), Task Controller Cloud, Standardization
1 Introduction
E-Learning is an Internet-based learning process, using Internet technology to design, implement,
select, manage, support and extend learning, which will not replace traditional education methods, but
will greatly improve the efficiency of education. As e-Learning has a lot of advantages like flexibility,
diversity, measurement, opening and so on, it will become a primary way for learning in the new
century . A cloud based e-Learning model (eLC) we need a well-defined strategy that supports Cloud
Computing capabilities. Representing an important part of the organization IT strategy, migration
must be aligned to this. Cloud computing provides virtual e-universities with a fundamentally
different model of operation among E learning processes. This new model takes advantage of the
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Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
80
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
maturity of web applications and networks and the rising interoperability of computing systems to
provide IT services. Cloud providers specialize in particular applications and services, and this
expertise allows them to efficiently manage upgrades and maintenance, backups, disaster recovery,
and failover functions. As a result, e-university consumers of cloud services may see increased
reliability, even as costs decline due to economies of scale and other production factors. With cloud
computing, e-universities can monitor current needs and make on-the-fly adjustments to increase or
decrease capacity, accommodating spikes in demand without paying for unused capacity during
slower times. Cloud computing scalability is another key benefit to higher education, particularly for
research projects that require vast amounts of storage or processing capacity for a limited time. Aside
from the potential to lower costs, e-universities gain the flexibility of being able to respond quickly to
requests for new services by purchasing them from the cloud. Cloud computing allows e-universities
and ELearning services providers to make IT costs transparent and thus match consumption of E-
learning services to actual demand.
Figure 1: Cloud model Adoption Strategy in e-Learning
Cloud computing encourages E-learning organizations and providers to increase standardization of
protocols and processes so that the many pieces of the cloud computing model can interoperate
Knowledge
Database
IT Needs
Pilot Projects
Cloud computing Solutions Management
Plan
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
81
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
properly and efficiently. This paper measures the positive impact of using cloud computing
architectures upon e-Learning solutions development. We design and used a set of cloud computing
efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model. Also, overall efficiency of the use
of cloud computing in e-Learning system is evaluated. Starting from the recent researches related to
the transition to Cloud Computing and the experience of some institutes and universities in using it,
we suggest a migrating strategy towards cloud, formed of the following stages
2 Objectives of Study
o Provides a flexible, scalable, cost effective model that does not force the institute or
university to use out-of-date infrastructure or software application.
o Offers the flexibility to meet rapidly changing software requirements for todays and
tomorrow’s teachers and students.
o Allows software standardization, a shared pool of applications for use in a e-learning
system for school, college or university, and easier maintenance through centralized
licensing and updates.
o Enabling rapid development and deployment of complex solutions without the need
for in-house expertise
o To eliminate the upfront financial burden of deploying new technologies through a
pay-as-you-go model. Design the collaborative e-learning model based to Conduct a
learning scenario as a proof of concept for the model
3 Cloud Framework
Cloud Framework presented by us is a Cloud implementation to support scalable and cost efficient
services for e-Learning systems from basic to higher education in a country like India. The main focus
of this framework is on improving resource utilization through smart load balancing and providing
scalable IT services for e-Learning organizations. Another design proposed by us is a Cloud
application provides the infrastructure for implementing an e-Learning system. It highlights the
benefits of Cloud computing as a way to efficiently provide computational and storage resources on
demand (SaaS). Our proposed e-Learning Computational Cloud framework is motivated from Apache
Struts, Sun Microsystem (Oracle) Java Server Faces and Spring Source Spring frameworks. These
frameworks have exposed Controller as an interface integrator between View and Model. Struts and
spring have certain limitations such as weak session maintenance. Furthermore, JSP and JavaBean
based implementation squanders multi-threading advantage, which is ideal for B2C interactions, but
not appropriate for B2B interaction. Also, transaction navigations and definitions rules are defined in
XML which is difficult to maintain if the system becomes complex. Alternatively, our eLC model is
built on J2EE technology and follows Service Oriented Architecture standards. This framework
provides comparative flexibility and makes it easier to build a development framework. Finally,
session maintenance and transaction control does not depend on connection protocol such as HTTP,
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
82
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
SOAP, cookies etc. Session and transaction maintenance is defined and configured in the database.
The usage of EJB ensures that coordination between the container objects in distributed network will
be reliable.
Cloud computing systems are implemented and structured over 5 (3+2) layers. They have 3 service
layers (Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)) and 2complementary functional layers (Client Layer and Server/Fabric Layer). Client Layer is
placed on top of the stack-like structure, while Server/Fabric Layer is placed at the bottom of the same
structure, as the basic or fundamental physical layer (figure 2):
1)Client Layer may be any computer hardware device (e.g. regular PCs, notebooks, mobile phones,
PDAs or any other similar equipment’s) and/or computer software application (operating systems,
web browsers) that relies on cloud computing for application delivery and that is in essence useless
without it.
2) Software as a Service (SaaS). Cloud application layer deliver software as a service over the
Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and
simplifying maintenance and support. Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers special-purpose software
that is remotely accessible by consumers through the Internet with a usage-based pricing model.
Salesforce is an industry leader in providing online CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
Services. Live Mesh from Microsoft allows files and folders to be shared and synchronized across
multiple devices. Partial taxonomy: Google App, Microsoft Dynamics CRM online, Microsoft
Live@edu, Business Productivity Online Suite, Exchange Hosted Services, Microsoft Office Web
Apps, Campus EAI, EducationERP.net, Campus Management, Jaspersoft, Coupa's e-Procurement.
Figure2: Cloud computing structuring layers
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
83
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
3) Platform as a Service (PaaS). Cloud platform services deliver a computing platform and/or
solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. It
facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the
underlying hardware and software layers. The Platform Layer adds on a collection of specialized
tools, middleware and services on top of the unified resources to provide a development and/or
deployment platform. For instance, a Web hosting environment, a scheduling service, etc. Platform as
a Service (PaaS) offers a high-level integrated environment to build, test, and deploy custom
applications. Generally, developers will need to accept some restrictions on the type of software they
can write in exchange for built-in application scalability. An example is Google’s App Engine , which
enables users to build Web applications on the same scalable systems that power Google applications.
Partial taxonomy: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure Services, Amazon Simple DB, Microsoft SDS,
Oracle Higher Education Constituent Hub, Amazon SQS, Dynamsoft, Force.com, Microsoft Dynamics
CRM online.
4) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Cloud infrastructure services deliver computer infrastructure –
typically a platform virtualization environment – as a service, along with raw (block) storage and
networking. Clients can access these resources as a fully outsourced service. The amount of resources
consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of utility computing activity.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provisions hardware, software, and equipment’s to deliver software
application environments with a resource usage-based pricing model. Infrastructure can scale up and
down dynamically based on application resource needs. Typical examples are Amazon EC2 (Elastic
Cloud Computing) Service and S3 (Simple Storage Service) where compute and storage
infrastructures are open to public access with a utility pricing model. Eucalyptus is an open source
Cloud implementation that provides a compatible interface to Amazon’s EC2, and allows people to
set up a Cloud infrastructure at premise and experiment prior to buying commercial services. Partial
taxonomy: EducationERP.net, Amazon S3-EBS- EC2, Eucalyptus, Microsoft, Oracle Coherence,
Rackspace, RightScale, 3Tera App Logic, EnStratus, Flexiscale, GoGrid, CloudStatus, CampusEAI.
4 Cloud Computing Architecture For E Learning
The architecture of a Cloud Computing platform as depicted in Figure 2 is usually common to most e-
Learning approaches on the Cloud. In the first layer we can observe the interface with the Cloud
environment, which consists in several management subsystems for determining the current
necessities of the user in terms of computational resources, being these the planner for the storage
services, the management for distribution of the execution load among the virtual machines, a system
administrator to monitor and to initiate activities of each layer, and a security component to ensure the
privacy, recovery, integrity and security of user data and transactions, among others. The second layer
represents the virtual machines implemented within the system. Finally, the third layer includes all the
physical architecture of the system. The model contains physical hardware layer, virtualization layer,
education middleware layer, application program interface layer; management system and security
certification system see Figure 2.
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
84
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
Figure 2: Architecture of Cloud Education model
Physical hardware layer is a basic platform in model, including servers, storage equipment’s, and
network equipment. Virtualization layer with the feature: dynamic configuration, distributed
deployment, fee measurement realizes the five characteristics of cloud computing. The goal of
virtualization layer is to break completely information islands based on existing regional through the
distributed technology and virtualization technology. This layer also consists of three parts: virtual
servers, virtual storages, and virtual databases. Education middleware layer is the core layer, because
it is the basic business platform. This layer is different from existing, and all information attached to it
on different computing node including ordinary file and database. Application program interface layer
can guarantee model’s scalability. Because of the diversity of the existing application system and an
application system cannot satisfy all the needs of customers. In this layer also provide the necessary
interface beside, and still need to be able to provide hosting service. Management system mainly
watchers physical condition, virtualization software, hardware and software, open API. Management
system can enhance the safety of the software platform. Security system includes identity
authentication and authorization, single point login, virtualization software and hardware access
control and audit, the education middleware and open API access control.
5 The Cloud in education sector
The education sector has traditionally been cautious to embrace new technology due to factors such as
cost and risk. But the 21st century presents new financial, demographic and industrial pressures to the
education sector that are making it imperative for schools and universities to align themselves to the
latest technology. In such a scenario, the Cloud could offer a highly acceptable solution to the
education sector, helping it adopt evolving technologies without the burden of excessive cost and
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
85
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
complexity. The Cloud has already started making its presence felt in the education sector, in India, as
well as globally. Schools have started leveraging the Cloud for student e-Mails, collaboration tools
and virtual desktops. The Cloud is also providing cost effective and low maintenance solutions to
online programs and distance education programs. Affirmative feedback from the early adopters of
the Cloud promises extensive use of this technology in the education sector. Wider acceptance of the
Cloud has the potential to make several alterations to ecosystem of education sector.The following
diagram presents a significant shift in ecosystem with the advent of the Cloud:
Figure 3: Working model for e learning Cloud in Education System
In the proposed architecture teachers also answer students’ questions and offer essential teaching to
major and difficult points. In addition, teachers can also use multimedia to enhance teaching content.
Students work out their own learning plans, determining learning methods autonomously. They
conduct on-line autonomous learning when they study each unit, finish its test via Internet and do
some statistics to the test results. Teachers also encourage students to cooperate with each other to
finish simple learning tasks or complex group-based projects. Through cooperative learning, students
cannot only acquire knowledge, their team spirit and coordination will also be fostered, skills in
dealing with people will be improved and abilities to express themselves will be enhanced. Thus the
learning and teaching will be more interactive which the demand of the age is. The interactive mode
of the proposed architecture is furnished in the Figure given above.
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
86
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
6 Conclusion
If analysing the e-learning cloud setup with the platforms presented in the introduction and related
works, the advantages are conclusive: individual study support, Internet-based collaborative learning
features, online access to lab infrastructure, collaborative research capabilities, project-based learning
and problem-based learning functionality delivered using a complex but low cost infrastructure. Due
to cloud computing (SaaS, IaaS and PaaS paradigms) implementation, the e-learning service providers
can easily setup new learning environments or extend their existing systems in order to support
blended learning capabilities. The most important advantage of the cloud computing is the cost
effectiveness. Instead of investing funds in the own e-learning infrastructure and educational software
packages, the educational institutions should pay more attention to the content, staff, marketing and
student enrolment, which can grant the service improvement. If opting for cloud-based services there
are no IT costs, neither IT specialists to employ. The educational institutions register in the eLearning
cloud and pay just what they consumed. The online access to collaborative learning tools and flexible
individual study are implementing using SaaS paradigm. The development and deployment of
laboratory applications use the PaaS concept. In order to implement laboratory
equipment/infrastructure sharing or virtual desktop functionality, the faculties and departments can
opt for IaaS services. Such systems allow students to enrol in educational programmes even if the job
is very restrictive because most of the learning activities can be remotely done. Several enhancements
in the educational act have been identified. The implementation of the interactive learning approach in
individual study grants a high retention factor (up to 80%) and the collaborative learning develops the
soft skills and teamwork capabilities. The hybrid class ware approach implements the synchronous
collaborative learning methodologies and allow the students to actively participate to the educational
act. Its main role is to keep the responsibility of learning on the teacher’s end but also make students
more responsible, communicate to each other and work and study as a team. Fundamental and applied
research support, task management features and remote access to lab equipment and applications are
also supported.
7 References
[1] Case Study,Intel Education, Cloud computing brief, Schools, IT, and Cloud computing The Agility for
21st century e-learning.
[2] Cloud computing for education: A new dawn?by Nabil Sultan∗ Faculty of Business and Computer
Science, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK, International Journal of
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[3] Demystifying cloud computing for higher education by Richard N.Katz, Phillip J. Goldstein, and
Ronald Yanosky Research Bulletin ECAR.
[4] The Promise of the Cloud for Education Understanding cloud computing and its true potential for
educators by Tim Youngblood and Ken McElrath.
Kamal Dhull: - Cloud computing efficiency metrics for enhanced e-Learning implementation model based on View controller design pattern paradigm
www.ijifr.com PAPER ID: IJIFR/V1/E4/034 IJIFR©2013
IJIFR- An Enlightening Online Open Access, Refereed & Indexed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
87
ISSN (Online):2347-1697 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATIVE AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH ( IJIFR)
Volume -1 Issue -4, December 2013 Research Area: Physical Education, Page No. : 79-87
[5] Chimombo, J.P.G. (2005): Issues in basic education in developing countries: an exploration of policy
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[9] Ministry of Education Government of People’s Republic Bangladesh, http://www.moedu.gov.bd/.
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