Post on 06-May-2015
description
Conversation & Dialogue:
More & Less than Method
for Social Design
Peter Jones DwD March 2010
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Social design, Human-Human Interaction • Conversation Discovering • Dialogue Understanding • Deliberation Acting
Participation: 1. Have a conversation, following rules of the game 2. Create dialogue about topic of concern 3. Experience deliberation toward action
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
In a design situation, we are oriented toward problem-solving. Each of these activities can be a mode of sensemaking. • Conversation Discovering • Dialogic design Understanding • Deliberation Acting
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
“A motivated, continuous effort to
understand connections (which
can be among people, places, and
events) in order to anticipate their
trajectories and act effectively"
Klein, G., Moon, B. and Hoffman, R.F. (2006a). Making sense of sensemaking I:
alternative perspectives. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(4), 70-73.
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Individual “the situation” My concerns Relationship Our concerns Collaboration Shared situation Collective Supra-situation
Sensemaking a Matter of Scale
?
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
What is Conversation?
How do we design for it?
?
From Dubberly and Pangaro (2009) Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
What is Conversation?
1. Open a channel, common ground
2. Commit to engage.
3. Construct meaning.
4. Evolve. We change & update models.
5. Converge on agreement.
6. Act or transact.
From Dubberly and Pangaro (2009) Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Conversations for (examples)
From Dubberly and Pangaro (2009) Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
These distinctions of Conversation help >
From Dubberly and Pangaro (2009) Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Another view of Design for Conversation >
Conversations for
Possibility
How might we reenergize our downtown and bring employers back to the city?
Good question! Where do we start?
Conversations for
Action
I invite you to join me in preparing an offer to the city.
I’m in. What should we do next?
Social design starts with a conversation for possibility.
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Conversations for Action >
From Winograd and Flores(1986)
Generative or Performative Speech Acts • Expressives • Assertives • Directives • Commissives • Declarations
Illocutionary point & force The speaker is committed to the outcome
Directive Commissive Declaration
Social design is enacted by conversations for action.
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
What is dialogue? What design situations does dialogue inform? Is dialogue just a collective conversation? Buber Dialogic encounter as I-Thou Gadamer As fusion of horizons Bohm About the process of reflection itself & the willingness to change our thoughts & selves
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Do Conversations scale to dialogue?
Social design requires eliciting, understanding, & negotiating differing values, perspectives, goals
Conversations for
Possibility
How might we reenergize our downtown and bring employers back to the city?
Good question! Where do we start?
Conversational Dialogic
?
How might we reenergize our downtown and bring employers back to the city?
Recent grad
Retiree
Business owner
City planner Political officers
Land developers
Families
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Finding common ground
Social design organizes multiple stakeholder perspectives in a complex situation by relational structuring of commitment.
Conversations for
Action
I invite you to join me in preparing an offer to the city.
I’m in. What should we do next?
Conversational Dialogic
What actions can we take that will make the most difference?
?
How do we organize our projects so this happens?
What steps can we take as individuals and groups?
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
Scaling to dialogue?
Management of Divergence (possibility) & Convergence (action)
?
How might we reenergize our downtown and bring employers back to the city?
Recent grad
Retiree
Business owner
City planner Political officers
Land developers
Families
?
How do we organize our projects so this happens?
What steps can we take as individuals and groups?
What actions can we take that will make the most difference?
Divergence Generating possibilities
Convergence Narrowing the field for selecting actions
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
What is dialogue?
Form Open Guided Structured Intent Generative Democratic Strategic Outcome Appreciative Formative Decisive
Art of Hosting Structured Dialogue Common ground Collaborative Sensemaking
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
2. Hosting
Discovery Café
Create tables of 4 – Pads & markers, elicit Questions for 1 and 2
Question 1: What questions represent our personal concerns?
2: What questions do we truly share in common?
Q1 is your authentic concern. Q2 discovers common ground.
Select 1 question you can agree represents the table’s concerns.
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones
3. Structured Dialogue
Defining a problem from the Focus Question
Review all selected questions and find those similar to yours.
Similar enough to join them in a group.
1: Agree on a single question that frames your joint concerns.
2: Write 2-3 responses (write big), one response per Post-it
3: Cluster responses by similarity & clarify with your group.
4: Select one response per cluster and make a new chart
5. Using that item, ask “How might we” accomplish that.”
Copyright © 2010, Peter Jones