Debates in HE

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Debates in HE. ASS 3. Aims. To describe development of HE post-war To analyse the “widening participation” debate. History. Robbins Report 1963 216,000 students 1962/3 390,000 students 1973/4 560,000 students 1980/1 2,480,145 students 2004/5 Rejected limited pool of ability - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Debates in HE

ASS 3

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Aims

• To describe development of HE post-war

• To analyse the “widening participation” debate

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History

• Robbins Report 1963– 216,000 students 1962/3– 390,000 students 1973/4– 560,000 students 1980/1– 2,480,145 students 2004/5

• Rejected limited pool of ability– HE needed for economic growth– good society requires equal ops

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Dearing Report (NCIHE)

• Reported 1997• Summary of last 20 years

– number of students more than doubled– public funding for HE up by 45%– unit of funding per student down by

40%– public funding for HE, as% of GDP,

same

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Stakeholders

• Government– DfES– Treasury

• Employers• Parents• Students• Academics

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Implications of figures

• Low rate of participation– age– gender– class– ethnicity

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• There has been growth– 1950 5% of relevant age group in HE– 1996 70% of school leavers go to

FE/HE– 1999 30% of age group in HE in

England– 45% of age group in Scotland

• Government aim is 50%

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Problems

• 1997 31% of 18-21s entered HE (UK)• SEGs 1, 2 & 3 49% into HE• SEGs 4 & 5 18.4% into HE• SEG 1 80% into HE• SEG 5 14% into HE• 1990 SEG 5 6% but SEGs 1-3 36.7%

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Policy Issues

• Definition of “widening participation”• Participation in what

– for how long– in what way– in what institution

• Widened– not just increase numbers– diversity - non traditional students

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Equality

• WP not just about enrolling need to look at achievement, outcomes & involvement in HE including teaching and research

• Not equal opps re access but re OUTCOME

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Policies

• Access courses– non-traditional pathway to traditional HE

• Just increase numbers– misses excluded groups

• Limit expansion to excluded groups– problem of equity

• Aim Higher http://www.aimhigher.ac.uk/home/index.cfm

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Barriers to participation & retention

• Risks• Resistance• Cultural factors• Structural inequalities• Money & time• HE culture

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Facilitating factors

• Knowing someone• Student composition• Alternative entry routes

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Conclusion

• Archer (2001) -Govt assumptions wrong

• underestimate complexity of issue• FORMAL equality insufficient• Need effective targeting