Post on 25-Jun-2020
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
1June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– 3-ph, 4 W, 120/208V classification for small and mid range sizes
– 3-ph, 480V classification is typical in larger capacity UPS Systems
– 3-ph , 4 W, 230/400V becoming more widely used in mid and large capacity UPS Systems
– new trend, in large data-centers utilizing 575/600V distribution classification
– Medium voltage UPS distribution in large facilities
2June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– UPS distribution in large facilities• 313 to 2500 kVA—208 to 600 Volts• 2.5 to 20 MVA—5 to 25 kV
3June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– DC to the Rack• Using the typical efficiencies of the different
conversion steps listed below – from facility entry AC to the processor:
– Step Down Transformer (99.5%)– AC UPS (85%)– Computer Power Supply (70%)– Point of load converter (98%)
• Step Down Transformer (99.5%) x AC UPS (85%) x Computer Power Supply (70%) x Point of Load Converter (98%) = 58%
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
December, 2005
4June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– DC to the Rack• 12 VDC• 380 VDC
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
December, 2005
5June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– DC to the Rack• 12 VDC• 2966 W• 220.5 A• 7.8 A at 380 VDC
6June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies
7June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies – linear loads
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance
Buildings: Data Centers
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
(UPS)December,
2005
8June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies – non-linear loads
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf9June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies
Characteristic Efficiency of UPS Topologies (2005 data)
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)December, 2005
Average Loading and Efficiency of UPSs in the Field (2005 data)
10June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies
Proposed UPS Efficiency Specification LevelsUPS Nominal Power Output
Efficiency at 20%
Efficiency at 50%
Efficiency at 100%
Below 20 kVA 80% 87% 88%20 kVA to 100 kVA 83% 89% 90%Above 100 kVA 90% 95% 95%
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)December, 2005
11June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies
12June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies
– Technological advancement of semiconductor power devices:
• the emerging need for higher switching frequencies in power electronic applications
• the emergence of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) offers superior UPS performance and reliability
• 1992, started the use of full IGBT design in both converter and inverter sections of UPS systems
13June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies
– Technological advancement of semiconductor power devices:
• IGBT devices are predominantly used in UPS inverter sections where the ability to switch the device on and off and control instantaneously is essential
• IGBT controls allow optimum performance • UPS use various configurations including full
IGBT, Diode/IGBT hybrid combination or Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) aka thyristor
• larger UPS Systems more likely to have IGBT/Diode front end design (for increased efficiency) or SCR rectifiers.
14June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies with higher efficiencies
Three-Level rectifier topology uses less energy
Conventional Two-Level rectifier topology
15June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies with higher efficiencies
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85.0%
87.0%
89.0%
91.0%
93.0%
95.0%
97.0%
99.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
225 kVA750 kVA
TOSHIBA G9000
10%
Competitor’s UPS
Competitor’s UPS
June 5, 2012
Break time
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
18June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
– replaceable component assemblies
– faster recovery
19June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
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200kW power sectionsConsists of
• 3 single phase power modules
• a common 3-phase delta transformer
•a power module controller (PMC)
Slide in/out power modulesFor ease of service. A unique crane that allows the module to be changed by a single person ships with the UPS
Seperate input/output fusing and ContactorsTo ensure that a faulty section can be isolated
Fault containmentThe inverter sections are seperated by steel plates
Schneider Electric –
Symmetra MW II Modularity
June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
21June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Leading power factor
22June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology
• Leading power factor– The Liebert NXL UPS supports leading
power factor loads up to 0.95 without derating
23June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Leading power factor
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G9000 UPS Performance
• Rated at .9 PF lagging• Up to .95 PF leading without derating
June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
25June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
– Bypass– ESS – Energy Saving System– Eco-mode– SEM – Super Eco-Mode– VFD – Voltage and Frequency
Dependent– Maximum energy saving mode– Boasts of up to 98% efficiency
26June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
27June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
– One of the potential drawbacks of enabling high efficiency modes in double-conversion UPSs is that the UPS no longer operates in double-conversion mode, potentially leaving mission critical loads more exposed to power abnormalities like voltage sags and line noise.
– Because the output is not fully conditioned, small or momentary abnormalities in power may pass through to the critical load when the unit is operating in high efficiency mode.
– It is unlikely that data center managers would be willing to operate a double-conversion UPS in high efficiency mode. This mode effectively turns a fully isolated double-conversion UPS into a less isolated line-interactive UPS. If customers are paying for the full performance of a double-conversion unit, they are likely to want all of the benefits that go along with it, including complete load isolation even though there is an energy penalty.
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf28June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service
29June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS TechnologyHeat/Power Density is the number one concern of Data Center Management
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Blade Server Power Solutions: Cabinet Level Power Distribution Solutions for High Density Cabinets, High Density Cabinet Power Solutions, February 22, 2006
June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service
– S&C PureWave UPSTM
• 2.5 to 20 MVA—5 to 25 kV• 313 to 2500 kVA—208 to 600 Volts• Line-interactive UPS• Outdoor or indoor installation• Modular and scalable• sealed “wet cell” batteries• “up to 3-minutes” backup capacity
31June 5, 2012
PureWave UPS System applied with back-up generator
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• System is applied at the service entrance
June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service
– Medium Voltage UPS• S&C PureWave UPSTM
• Backs up all systems, including mechanical equipment
• 98.5% efficiency• Saves Real Estate• Lower Data Center
Construction Cost• Saves 80% of feeder size• Reduces data center
construction • Reduces arc flash
33June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
34June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
– Stored kinetic energy is converted to electrical power when normal power is lost
– Rotating UPS• up to 2900 rpm• alternator controls and stabilizes load
voltage/frequency• up to 1250 kW for 30 sec, or longer• can be coupled to an
engine generator• battery free
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http://www.hitec-ups.com
June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
– Rotating UPS
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http://www.hitec-ups.com
June 5, 2012
Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
– Rotating UPS• Up to 96% efficiency
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http://www.hitec-ups.com
June 5, 2012