Current Trends in UPS Technology › images › downloads › 2012... · Current Trends in UPS...
Transcript of Current Trends in UPS Technology › images › downloads › 2012... · Current Trends in UPS...
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
1June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– 3-ph, 4 W, 120/208V classification for small and mid range sizes
– 3-ph, 480V classification is typical in larger capacity UPS Systems
– 3-ph , 4 W, 230/400V becoming more widely used in mid and large capacity UPS Systems
– new trend, in large data-centers utilizing 575/600V distribution classification
– Medium voltage UPS distribution in large facilities
2June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– UPS distribution in large facilities• 313 to 2500 kVA—208 to 600 Volts• 2.5 to 20 MVA—5 to 25 kV
3June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– DC to the Rack• Using the typical efficiencies of the different
conversion steps listed below – from facility entry AC to the processor:
– Step Down Transformer (99.5%)– AC UPS (85%)– Computer Power Supply (70%)– Point of load converter (98%)
• Step Down Transformer (99.5%) x AC UPS (85%) x Computer Power Supply (70%) x Point of Load Converter (98%) = 58%
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
December, 2005
4June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– DC to the Rack• 12 VDC• 380 VDC
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
December, 2005
5June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages
– DC to the Rack• 12 VDC• 2966 W• 220.5 A• 7.8 A at 380 VDC
6June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies
7June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies – linear loads
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance
Buildings: Data Centers
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
(UPS)December,
2005
8June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies – non-linear loads
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf9June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies
Characteristic Efficiency of UPS Topologies (2005 data)
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)December, 2005
Average Loading and Efficiency of UPSs in the Field (2005 data)
10June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies
Proposed UPS Efficiency Specification LevelsUPS Nominal Power Output
Efficiency at 20%
Efficiency at 50%
Efficiency at 100%
Below 20 kVA 80% 87% 88%20 kVA to 100 kVA 83% 89% 90%Above 100 kVA 90% 95% 95%
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf
High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)December, 2005
11June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies
12June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies
– Technological advancement of semiconductor power devices:
• the emerging need for higher switching frequencies in power electronic applications
• the emergence of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) offers superior UPS performance and reliability
• 1992, started the use of full IGBT design in both converter and inverter sections of UPS systems
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies
– Technological advancement of semiconductor power devices:
• IGBT devices are predominantly used in UPS inverter sections where the ability to switch the device on and off and control instantaneously is essential
• IGBT controls allow optimum performance • UPS use various configurations including full
IGBT, Diode/IGBT hybrid combination or Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) aka thyristor
• larger UPS Systems more likely to have IGBT/Diode front end design (for increased efficiency) or SCR rectifiers.
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies with higher efficiencies
Three-Level rectifier topology uses less energy
Conventional Two-Level rectifier topology
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies with higher efficiencies
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85.0%
87.0%
89.0%
91.0%
93.0%
95.0%
97.0%
99.0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
225 kVA750 kVA
TOSHIBA G9000
10%
Competitor’s UPS
Competitor’s UPS
June 5, 2012
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Break time
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
18June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
– replaceable component assemblies
– faster recovery
19June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
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200kW power sectionsConsists of
• 3 single phase power modules
• a common 3-phase delta transformer
•a power module controller (PMC)
Slide in/out power modulesFor ease of service. A unique crane that allows the module to be changed by a single person ships with the UPS
Seperate input/output fusing and ContactorsTo ensure that a faulty section can be isolated
Fault containmentThe inverter sections are seperated by steel plates
Schneider Electric –
Symmetra MW II Modularity
June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Leading power factor
22June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology
• Leading power factor– The Liebert NXL UPS supports leading
power factor loads up to 0.95 without derating
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Leading power factor
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G9000 UPS Performance
• Rated at .9 PF lagging• Up to .95 PF leading without derating
June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
25June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
– Bypass– ESS – Energy Saving System– Eco-mode– SEM – Super Eco-Mode– VFD – Voltage and Frequency
Dependent– Maximum energy saving mode– Boasts of up to 98% efficiency
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless
– One of the potential drawbacks of enabling high efficiency modes in double-conversion UPSs is that the UPS no longer operates in double-conversion mode, potentially leaving mission critical loads more exposed to power abnormalities like voltage sags and line noise.
– Because the output is not fully conditioned, small or momentary abnormalities in power may pass through to the critical load when the unit is operating in high efficiency mode.
– It is unlikely that data center managers would be willing to operate a double-conversion UPS in high efficiency mode. This mode effectively turns a fully isolated double-conversion UPS into a less isolated line-interactive UPS. If customers are paying for the full performance of a double-conversion unit, they are likely to want all of the benefits that go along with it, including complete load isolation even though there is an energy penalty.
http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf28June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service
29June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS TechnologyHeat/Power Density is the number one concern of Data Center Management
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Blade Server Power Solutions: Cabinet Level Power Distribution Solutions for High Density Cabinets, High Density Cabinet Power Solutions, February 22, 2006
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service
– S&C PureWave UPSTM
• 2.5 to 20 MVA—5 to 25 kV• 313 to 2500 kVA—208 to 600 Volts• Line-interactive UPS• Outdoor or indoor installation• Modular and scalable• sealed “wet cell” batteries• “up to 3-minutes” backup capacity
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PureWave UPS System applied with back-up generator
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• System is applied at the service entrance
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service
– Medium Voltage UPS• S&C PureWave UPSTM
• Backs up all systems, including mechanical equipment
• 98.5% efficiency• Saves Real Estate• Lower Data Center
Construction Cost• Saves 80% of feeder size• Reduces data center
construction • Reduces arc flash
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
– Stored kinetic energy is converted to electrical power when normal power is lost
– Rotating UPS• up to 2900 rpm• alternator controls and stabilizes load
voltage/frequency• up to 1250 kW for 30 sec, or longer• can be coupled to an
engine generator• battery free
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http://www.hitec-ups.com
June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
– Rotating UPS
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http://www.hitec-ups.com
June 5, 2012
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Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy
– Rotating UPS• Up to 96% efficiency
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http://www.hitec-ups.com
June 5, 2012