Created by Dominik Naróg & Mateusz Zaucha

The most important

Short history

Optical microscope

Transmission electron miscroscope

Scanning electrone miscroscope

Some curiosities

The history of optical microscopy

Invented by Dutch spectacle-makers Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen (1590) or Galileo Galilei (1609)

Christian Huygens developed a simple 2-lens ocular system in the late 17th century that was achromatically corrected

The oldest (1630) published image known to have been made with a microscope

Development

Köhler illumination (XIX century)

A better and more visible image is seen due to the halogen lamp and a big amount of lenses.

Components of the optical microscope

Ocular lense

Objective turret

Optical element

Frame

Diaphragm and condenser lens Light

sourceFine adjustment

coarse adjustment

Stage

Old & New

Mirror reflecting sun rays

Modern light source

Electron microscope

Prototype constructed (400x magnification) by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruskain 1931

Transmission electron microscope (1939 – Siemens)

Scanning eletron microscope (1937 - Manfred von Ardenne)

contemporary electron microscope (2 000 000x magnification)

TEMAn

electron beam is created

emits electrons It is

condensed through the lenses and reaches the specimen

The beam is then diffused and reaches the screen where the image is preserved

SEMThe condensor and objective are condensing the electron beam

The electron beam reaches the sample which is covered with a gold layer

deflector*

*it changes the direction of the beam

The reflected electrons are caught by the detector and it changes the electron energy into an electric impulse

Electron microscope from the University of Gdańsk

The inside part of the microscope

How is the sample prepared? It must be dried

with a special drier using liquid CO2

Here the dry sample is being covered with 24 carate gold

Ready to research samples must be kept in dry conditions

Pictures made by electron microscopes

Pillies of a vorticella

Ant head

Curiosities

USB optical microscope

The best microscope in theWorld is „Titan Microscope”. It cost 15

mln $ and with it you can see even small electrons in atoms

Thank you for your attention

Dominik Naróg & Mateusz Zaucha