MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT, bihar

COMMUNITY TOILETS : A CASE STUDY

Dr. Alok Ranjan Ghosh

District Magistrate - Muzaffarpur 12th January 2020

NEW DELHI

muzaffarpur – sanitation status

• The district comprises of 2 Subdivisions,16 Blocks and 385 Panchayats

• The total population of the district is 4801062 (2011 Census)

• In 2012 as per the Baseline Survey in Muzaffarpur mere 22.86 %

households had IHHL and the remaining 5.43 Lakh households had no

access to toilets.

• By Dec 2018 the district was declared ODF and the mammoth target

was achieved by ensuring construction of individual toilets and on

sharing basis for some.

• Many still who were missing out of the baseline survey were added in

the Left out of Baseline (LOB) segment and payment of incentive is

being ensured to them

EFFORTS IN BIHAR

• Bihar state undertook a massive drive by giving people an opportunity

to enrol themselves under No One Left Behind (NOLB) initiative

• To incentivise the adoption of twin leach pit technology and the

resolve of non open defecation, under Lohia Swachh Bihar Abhiyan

incentive is paid even to APL Families.

• The practice of Self construction of IHHL in Bihar has had a tremendous

impact of improved usage of these toilets. This also weeds out the

quality issues with the toilets and allows for innovative approaches

• Considering the importance of sanitation and hygeine it was added

as part of 7 NISHCHAY YOJANA as one of the 7 resolves of the state

envisaging a toilet for each household.

• Also a separate Water connection is to be provided for the Toilet in

each household under the Mukhyamantri Har Ghar Nal ka Jal Yojana

PROGRESS IN TOILET CONSTRUCTION

7407

26184 16415

180015

308810

5400

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

FY 2014-15 FY 2015-16 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20

• Baseline Survey discrepancies

• Non availability of trained masons

• Idea reception of Twin Leach Pit technology

• Non availability of land

• Socio economic issues

• Behavioural change

ISSUES THAT HINDERED PROGRESS

• Mason Training at block level

• CLTS training to VM/AWW/ASHA

• Tie up between VO and Sand Stock points owners

• Simultaneous verification and Geo Tagging for speeding up

payments

• Liaison with banks for SHG linkage

• Felicitation of Ward Members/Mukhia on ODF achievement

• Expediting 7 Nishchay Yojana in ODF Wards not in priority list

• Mass awareness programs in wards/Panchayat/Blocks and District

Facilitation efforts

Left outs

Triggering with clts/slts

Logistics and resource planning

Toilet construction

Facilitation efforts

Form generation – geo tagging – payment

Land issues Monetary issues behaviour issues

Land identification

Dispute resolution

Csr funding

mplads

Clts / slts

demonstration

Community toilets

TARGETED INTERVENTION STRATEGY

CATEGORY MONEY LAND WILL STRATEGY

CATEGORY 1 YES YES YES SUPPORT

CATEGORY 2 YES YES NO CLTS/SLTS

CATEGORY 3 YES NO YES CO/SDM/CT

CATEGORY 4 NO NO YES CO/SDM/CT

CATEGORY 5 NO NO NO CLTS/SLTS/CT

COMMUNITY TOILET

A Community Toilet is an asset that is owned by the

community benefitting multiple users of a locality,

located in near vicinity of the habitation with a fixed

usage pattern in a day.

Why COMMUNITY TOILET ?

• Land - a scarce resource

• Socio economic issues / Poverty

• Checks communicable disease spread

• Helps cut down the medical expenses

• Visible Cleanliness – aesthetics

• Female dignity

• Matter of convenience

Why COMMUNITY TOILET ?

• Acts as demonstrable model for fence sitters

• Flexible in user numbers

• Stop gap arrangement till IHHL is constructed

• Sense of inclusiveness and ownership

• As IEC tool

When to go for COMMUNITY TOILET ?

• Post triggering and awareness generation efforts

should be made to encourage construction of IHHL. If it is realized that a miniscule population of the

village are not economically able to spare resources

viz. land and money for toilet construction but are

sensitized enough for a change in habit of OD

• It is important as this miniscule population if resorts to

OD the chances of disease spread would persist in

the society with IHHL.

• Should preferably be the last resort and not the first

one

COMMUNITY TOILET construction

stages

GAP IDENTIFICATION

COMMUNITY INTERACTION

PRIORITY SETTING

SITE SELECTION

LAYOUT AND FOUNDATION

CONSTRUCTION

HAND OVER TO COMMUNITY

MAINTENANCE AND UPKEEP

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

GAP IDENTIFICATION

1

• Post exhaustion of triggering and awareness generation

efforts, we realized that certain pockets of certain villages dominated especially with Mahadalit communities are not

economically able to spare resources viz. land and money

for toilet construction but are sensitized enough for a

change in habit of OD

• Analyzing the actual coverage levels of the villages a line

listing of such communities was done at block level and an

community engagement plan was prepared covering all

such communities.

• Jeevika didis played a pivotal role in this as their reach is till

the last strata.

COMMUNITY INTERACTION

2

• Sensitization was done in the community meetings

involving Jeevika, local representatives and Vikas Mitra

• Judgement about the viability of a community toilet in the

pocket was done based on the quality of feedback

PRIORITY SETTING

3

• The data was brought back to block and a priority listing

was done.

• All the blocks submitted their lists in the district level

meeting of BDOs and BCs

• Funds in tune of 10 lakhs each was released to the blocks

from the Performance Incentive grant to kick off at least 5

Community Toilets in each block with the Model estimate

of Rs.1.8 L each.

• The BDOs were made the work agencies for the same

SITE SELECTION

4

Our considerations were that the site

• Should be located proximately to potential users

• Should preferably be flat surface as far as possible

• Should preferably be a well lit place

• The area should be well drained

• Should have availability of water near by

• Controversy free Government land or donated land

LAYOUT AND FOUNDATION

5

• An trained Swachhagrahi / BC was used for laying out the base plan

• The design can be modified as per the availability of the land

while factoring the proportion and specified dimensions

• Predefined assessment of material and labour requirement was

done hence with minor facilitation by local Mukhiya/ward

member the basic materials required for the construction was

arranged before hand along with the mason tagging

• Foundation was laid and parallel work on Leach pit was also started to save time.

THE LAYOUT

LEACH PIT LEACH PIT

MINI SOAKPIT

SA

ND

BLO

CK

HANDPUMP JB

CONSTRUCTION

6

3 FT 4

FT

20 FT / 11 IN.

4 F

T /1

1 IN

.

LAYOUT OF COMMUNITY TOILET

4 FT

COST SHEET OF A COMMUNITY TOILET

ITEM COST/UNIT (Rs.) QUANTITY AMOUNT

BRICK 7333.34 per 1000 3000 22000

CEMENT 378.95 per bag 43 Bag 16295

SAND 6210.97 per 100cft 250cft 15527

METAL 8316.87 per 100cft 128cft 10646

SARIA 47.35 per Kg 50 kg 2368

PIPE PVC & GI 5000

ITEM COST/UNIT (Rs.) QUANTITY AMOUNT (Rs)

PAN 2234/UNIT WITH FITTINGS 6 Nos. 13400

GI SHEET GI SHEET+ 40MM DIA ROOF

TRUSS 32150

TAP 3000

DOOR 3250 WITH FITTING 6 PCS 19500

LIME WHITE WASHING & WALL WRITING 5000

LABOUR COST ON CONTRACT - MASON/ CARPENTER/

PLUMBER 19500

TUBEWELL COST 13489

MISC. COST 2000

TOTAL 179475

AMENITIES AT COMMUNITY TOILET ?

LIGHTING

TOILET

RUNNING WATER

SOAP CASE

HANDPUMP

HAND OVER TO COMMUNITY

7

Even though the asset created if for the use of whole

community but the keys of these toilets are handed over to the

families who had committed to keep it clean

MAINTENANCE AND UPKEEP

8

The maintenance and repair work was entrusted with WIMC of

the 7 Nishchay Scheme of the Bihar Govt.

Continous monitoring by Nigrani Samiti involving Jeevika didis

GAP IDENTIFICATION

COMMUNITY INTERACTION

COMMUNITY INTERACTION

COMMUNITY INTERACTION

PRIORITY SETTING FOR THE DISTRICT

SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LAYOUT EXCERCISE

FOUNDATION STAGE

VARIOUS STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION

VARIOUS STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION

HANDING OVER OF COMMUNITY TOILETS TO THE COMMUNITY

HANDING OVER OF COMMUNITY TOILETS TO THE COMMUNITY

HANDING OVER OF COMMUNITY TOILETS TO THE COMMUNITY

NIGRANI SAMITI MEETING OF JEEVIKA DIDIS

MEDIA COVERAGE

THANK YOU