Communities & Biomes

Biotic & Abiotic FactorsBiotic = Living organisms

Abiotic = Nonliving Soil,Air,Water Substrate

1.Community: Biotic factors

All the Plants & Animals

In a given area? Community

of Del Mar

Forest Community …………..

•Deciduous trees•Deer•Fox•Skunks•Insects•Shrubs•Grasses

Ecosystem: Both biotic and abiotic factors in a large area:

2. Limiting FactorLimits GrowthBiotic or AbioticToo much orToo little

Ranges of Tolerance

0

20

40

60

80

100

10 15 20 25 30snail

Range over which a population or organism can successfully survive & grow

Too much or too little of an environmental factor can be limiting

3. Succession Orderly

change Over time Natural Species

Replacement In a

community or ecosystem

Succession communities:

1. Pioneer species

2. Intermediate species

3. Climax community

Pioneer species:

Lichens (algae & fungi) break apart rock to make soil

Grasses Annual flowers Mosses

Climax Community: final set of organisms suited to that climate

Deciduous Climax Forest

San Diego Coastal Sage & Chaparral Climax Community

Types of SuccessionPrimary 1st time plants

or animals are

established New island Volcanoes Bare soil, rock

Secondary After a “blowout” Re-establish a

community Already had

living organisms Fire, flood,

human disruption

New island= Primary Succession

Secondary Succession will follow!

Primary Or Secondary?

BOTH PRIMARY & SECONDARY have

these Succession communities:

1. Pioneer species

2. Intermediate species

3. Climax community

Biome biotic

community

dominant plants and animals

unique climateBiomes of the World

BIOMESTundraConiferous ForestDeciduous ForestDesertGrasslandRainforestSee Biome PP for examples